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| 1 | Cyclosporine versus tacrolimus in patients with HCV infection after liver transplantation:Effects on virus replication and recurrent hepatitis显示文摘瞄准:决定 calcineurin 禁止者, cyclosporine 和 tacrolimus 的效果,在丙肝上,在病人的周期性的丙肝的病毒(HCV ) 复制和活动张贴肝移植。方法:在我们的中心为在 1999 和 2003 之间的联系 HCV 的肝肝硬化收到了肝移植的 107 个病人的一个队的数据回顾地被分析。浆液 HCV-RNA 的水平和周期性的肝炎的活动在作为主要抑制免疫力的代理人和没在移植以后在开始的 12 瞬间以内导致胆汁的复杂并发症的不那样类似的抑制免疫力的政体收到了 cyclosporine 或 tacrolimus 的 47 个病人之间被比较。结果:HCV-RNA 在移植以后在 3 瞬间以内增加了,但是 cyclosporine 组和 tacrolimus 组之间的差别是不足道的(在 12 瞬间的 P=0.49 ) 。另外,由浆液 transaminases 决定了的周期性的肝炎并且门发炎和纤维变性的组织学的分级没在 12 瞬间(P=0.34 ) 以后显示出有效差量。结论:一个主要抑制免疫力的代理人不在肝移植以后在感染 HCV 的病人影响周期性的肝炎的正式就职或严厉的 Cyclosporine 或 tacrolimus。 | Philip Hilgard Alisan Kahraman Nils Lehmann Cornelia Seltmann Susanne Beckebaum R Stefan Ross Hideo A Baba Massimo Malago Christoph E Broelsch Guido Gerken | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，5： | 235 |
| 2 | 滴灌施肥对农田土壤氮素利用和流失的影响显示文摘通过2年在果园和蔬菜田的生产试验及田间氮素流失监测,对比研究常规施肥管理和精确滴灌施肥技术在作物产量、肥料消耗量和农田氮素流失负荷等方面的差异,分析不同施肥方式对农田土壤氮素利用和流失的影响。结果表明:滴灌施肥技术把定量的溶解态肥料直接输送到作物根部,提高了肥料利用效率,农作物产量与常规产量基本持平甚至略有提高,而氮肥消耗量和氮素流失负荷则显著降低。与常规施肥管理方式相比,2006年梨、大豆和玉米的单位产量氮肥消耗量分别降低10.8、11.8和8.9g/kg,削减率分别为22.8%、26.6%和30.8%;单位产量总氮流失量也分别削减45.2%、14.5%和26.3%。2007年梨、西瓜和玉米的单位产量氮肥消耗量分别降低11.1、8.1和5.0g/kg,削减率分别达到29.7%、65.8%和21.5%;单位产量总氮流失量分别削减56.4%、49.7%和51.8%。 | 黄丽华 沈根祥 钱晓雍 顾海蓉 仇忠启 Massimo Pugliese | 2008 | 农业工程学报2008，24，7： | 66 |
| 3 | 卫星遥感结合地面观测估算非均匀地表区域能量通量显示文摘卫星遥感在研究非均匀陆面上地-气间能量和水循环过程时有其独到的作用。文中介绍了一种利用LANDSATTM资料进行非均匀陆面上区域能量平衡研究的参数化方案。并以夏季和深秋两个景的TM资料为个例,结合“黑河实验”(HEIFE)期间的地面观测资料分析了实验区非均匀陆面上地表特征参数及能量平衡各分量的区域分布及季节差异,同时将所得的结果与地面观测的“真值”作了比较,所得的这些结果是基本可信的。这种方法仍然处于发展的初始阶段,对此也进行了讨论。 | 马耀明 王介民 Massimo Menenti Wim Bastiaanssen | 1999 | 气象学报1999，57，2： | 62 |
| 4 | 卫星遥感藏北高原非均匀陆表地表特征参数和植被参数显示文摘卫星遥感在研究青藏高原北部地区 (藏北高原地区 )非均匀陆表地表特征参数和植被参数时有其独到的作用。作者提出了基于NOAA 1 4AVHRR资料推算藏北高原地区地表特征参数和植被参数的方案 ,并把其用于全球能量水循环之亚洲季风青藏高原试验(GAME/Tibet)试验区。同时利用 3个景的NOAA 1 4AVHRR资料进行了分析研究 ,得到了一些有关藏北地区非均匀地表的区域地表特征参数 (地表反射率、地表温度 )和植被参数(INDV、修正的土壤调整植被指数IMSAV、植被覆盖度和叶面指数ILA)。 | 马耀明 刘东升 苏中波 李召良 Massimo Menenti 王介民 | 2004 | 大气科学2004，28，1： | 35 |
| 5 | Irritable bowel syndrome: a disease still searching for pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy显示文摘Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is the most frequently diagnosed functional gastrointestinal disorder in primary and secondary care. It is characterised by abdominal discomfort, pain and changes in bowel habits that can have a serious impact on the patient's quality of life. The pathophysiology of IBS is not yet completely clear. Genetic, immune, environmental, inflammatory, neurological and psychological factors, in addition to visceral hypersensitivity, can all play an important role, one that most likely involves the complex interactions between the gut and the brain(gut-brain axis). The diagnosis of IBS can only be made on the basis of the symptoms of the Rome Ⅲ criteria. Because the probability of organic disease in patients fulfilling the IBS criteria is very low, a careful medical history is critical and should pay particular attention to the possible comorbidities.Nevertheless, the severity of the patient's symptoms or concerns sometimes compels the physician to perform useless and/or expensive diagnostic tests, transforming IBS into a diagnosis of exclusion. The presence of alarming symptoms(fever, weight loss, rectal bleeding, significant changes in blood chemistry), the presence of palpable abdominal masses, any recent onset of symptoms in patient aged over 50 years, the presence of symptoms at night, and a familial history of celiac disease, colorectal cancer and/or inflammatory bowel diseases all warrant investigation. Treatment strategies are based on the nature and severity of the symptoms, the degree of functional impairment of the bowel habits, and the presence of psychosocial disorders. This review examines and discusses the pathophysiological aspects and the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches available for patients with symptoms possibly related to IBS, pointing out controversial issues and the strengths and weaknesses of the current knowledge. | Massimo Bellini Dario Gambaccini Cristina Stasi Maria Teresa Urbano Santino Marchi Paolo Usai-Satta | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，27： | 37 |
| 6 | Diagnosis of biliary strictures after liver transplantation:Which is the best tool?显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic value of different indirect methods like biochemical parameters, ultrasound (US) analysis, CT-scan and MRI/MRCP in comparison with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC), for diagnosis of biliary complications after liver transplantation. METHODS: In 75 patients after liver transplantation, who received ERC due to suspected biliary complications, the result of the cholangiography was compared to the results of indirect imaging methods performed prior to ERC. The cholangiography showed no biliary stenosis (NoST) in 25 patients, AST in 27 and ITBL in 23 patients. RESULTS: Biliary congestion as a result of AST was detected with a sensitivity of 68.4% in US analysis (specificity 91%), of 71% in MRI (specificity 25%) and of 40% in CT (specificity 57.1%). In ITBL, biliary congestion was detected with a sensitivity of 58.8% in the US, 88.9%in MRI and of 83.3% in CT. However, as anastomotic or ischemic stenoses were the underlying cause of biliary congestion, the sensitivity of detection was very low. InMRI detected the dominant stenosis at a correct localization in 22% and CT in 10%, while US failed completely. The biochemical parameters, showed no significant difference in bilirubin (median 5.7; 4,1; 2.5 mg/dL), alkaline phosphatase (median 360; 339; 527 U/L) or gamma glutamyl transferase (median 277; 220; 239 U/L) levels between NoST, AST and ITBL.CONCLUSION: Our data confirm that indirect imaging methods to date cannot replace direct cholangiography for diagnosis of post transplant biliary stenoses. However MRI may have the potential to complement or precede imaging by cholangiography. Optimized MRCP-processing might further improve the diagnostic impact of this method. | Thomas Zoepf Evelyn J. Maldonado-Lopez Philip Hilgard Alexander Dech■ne Massimo Malago Christoph E. Broelsch Joerg Schlaak Guido Gerken | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，19： | 32 |
| 7 | Third-line rescue therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection显示文摘H pylori 胃的感染是世界范围的最流行的传染病之一。很上面的胃肠的疾病与 H pylori 感染有关能因此与抗菌素被对待的发现是重要医药进展。当前,首要的三倍的治疗被所有一致会议和指南基于质子泵禁止者(PPI ) 或加二抗菌素(clarithromycin 和 amoxicillin 或 nitroimidazole ) 的 ranitidine 枸橼酸铋(RBC ) 推荐。甚至与这药联合的正确使用,感染不能在多达 23% 病人被根除。因此,几第二线治疗被推荐了。7 d 四倍的治疗基于 PPI,铋,四圜素和灭滴灵,更多经常被接受。与第二线的治疗,然而,细菌的根除可以在多达 40% 盒子失败。当 H pylori 根除严格地被显示时,进一步的治疗的选择是争论的。当前,标准第三线的治疗正在缺乏,各种各样的协议被建议了。甚至在二连续失败以后,最近的文学数据证明了 H pylori 根除能在几乎所有病人被完成,甚至当抗菌素危险性没被测试时。实验治疗的不同可能性存在,可得到的第三线的策略此处被考察。 | Rossella Cianci Massimo Montalto Franco Pandolfi Giovan Battista Gasbarrini Giovanni Cammarota | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，15： | 31 |
| 8 | Consensus statement AIGO/SICCR diagnosis and treatment of chronic constipation and obstructed defecation(Part Ⅱ:Treatment)显示文摘The second part of the Consensus Statement of the Italian Association of Hospital Gastroenterologists and Italian Society of Colo-Rectal Surgery reports on the treatment of chronic constipation and obstructed defecation.There is no evidence that increasing fluid intake and physical activity can relieve the symptoms of chronic constipation.Patients with normal-transit constipation should increase their fibre intake through their diet or with commercial fibre.Osmotic laxatives may be effective in patients who do not respond to fibre supplements.Stimulant laxatives should be reserved for patients who do not respond to osmotic laxatives.Controlled trials have shown that serotoninergic enterokinetic agents,such as prucalopride,and prosecretory agents,such as lubiprostone,are effective in the treatment of patients with chronic constipation.Surgery is sometimes necessary.Total colectomy with ileorectostomy may be considered in patients with slow-transit constipation and inertia coli who are resistant to medical therapy and who do not have defecatory disorders,generalised motility disorders or psychological disorders.Randomised controlled trials have established the efficacy of rehabilitative treatment in dys-synergic defecation.Many surgical procedures may be used to treat obstructed defecation in patients with acquired anatomical defects,but none is considered to be the gold standard.Surgery should be reserved for selected patients with an impaired quality of life.Obstructed defecation is often associated with pelvic organ prolapse.Surgery with the placement of prostheses is replacing fascial surgery in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse,but the efficacy and safety of such procedures have not yet been established. | Antonio Bove Massimo Bellini Edda Battaglia Renato Bocchini Dario Gambaccini Vincenzo Bove Filippo Pucciani Donato Francesco Altomare Giuseppe Dodi Guido Sciaudone Ezio Falletto Vittorio Piloni | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，36： | 33 |
| 9 | Serological diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus infection: Problems and solutions显示文摘Serological tests for antibodies specific for Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) antigens are frequently used to define infection status and for the differential diagnosis of other pathogens responsible for mononucleosis syndrome. Using only three parameters [viral capsid antigen(VCA) Ig G, VCA Ig M and EBV nuclear antigen(EBNA)-1 Ig G],it is normally possible to distinguish acute from past infection: the presence of VCA Ig M and VCA Ig G without EBNA-1 Ig G indicates acute infection, whereas the presence of VCA Ig G and EBNA-1 Ig G without VCA Ig M is typical of past infection. However, serological findings may sometimes be difficult to interpret as VCA Ig G can be present without VCA Ig M or EBNA-1 Ig G in cases of acute or past infection, or all the three parameters may be detected simultaneously in the case of recent infection or during the course of reactivation. A profile of isolated EBNA-1 Ig G may also create some doubts. In order to interpret these patterns correctly, it is necessary to determine Ig G avidity, identify anti-EBV Ig G and Ig M antibodies by immunoblotting, and look for heterophile antibodies, anti-EA(D) antibodies or viral genome using molecular biology methods. These tests make it possible to define the status of the infection and solve any problems that may arise in routine laboratory practice. | Massimo De Paschale Pierangelo Clerici | 2012 | World Journal of Virology2012，1，1： | 30 |
| 10 | Adhesive small bowel adhesions obstruction: Evolutions in diagnosis, management and prevention显示文摘Intra-abdominal adhesions following abdominal surgery represent a major unsolved problem. They are the first cause of small bowel obstruction. Diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation, water-soluble contrast followthrough and computed tomography scan. For patients presenting no signs of strangulation, peritonitis or severe intestinal impairment there is good evidence to support non-operative management. Open surgery is the preferred method for the surgical treatment of adhesive small bowel obstruction, in case of suspected strangulation or after failed conservative management, but laparoscopy is gaining widespread acceptance especially in selected group of patients. 'Good' surgical technique and anti-adhesive barriers are the main current concepts of adhesion prevention. We discuss current knowledge in modern diagnosis and evolving strategies for management and prevention that are leading to stratified care for patients. | Fausto Catena Salomone Di Saverio Federico Coccolini Luca Ansaloni Belinda De Simone Massimo Sartelli Harry Van Goor | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2016，8，3： | 28 |
| 11 | Intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer:A doubleedged sword?显示文摘Chronic inflammation is thought to be the leading cause of many human cancers including colorectal cancer(CRC).Accordingly,epidemiologic and clinical studies indicate that patients affected by ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease,the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease,have an increased risk of developing CRC.In recent years,the role of immune cells and their products have been shown to be pivotal in initiation and progression of colitis-associated CRC.On the other hand,activation of the immune system has been shown to cause dysplastic cell elimination and cancer suppression in other settings.Clinical and experimental data herein reviewed,while confirming chronic inflammation as a risk factor for colon carcinogenesis,do not completely rule out the possibility that under certain conditions the chronic activation of the mucosal immune system might protect from colonic dysplasia. | Angelamaria Rizzo Francesco Pallone Giovanni Monteleone Massimo Claudio Fantini | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，26： | 25 |
| 12 | Restrictions to the application of 'diagnostic'criteria for recognizing ancient seismites显示文摘Soft-sediment deformation structures induced by seismic liquefaction and/or fluidization receive much attention in sedimentological,structural and palaeoseismic studies.The direct record of larger earthquakes is restricted to instrumental and historical data; the recognition of prehistoric earthquakes requires criteria to recognize seismites in the geological record.The areal distribution of seismites can sometimes be related to active faults since distances to the epicenter(for a given magnitude) tend to be related to the liquefaction effects of seismic shocks.The use of soft-sediment deformation structures for palaeoseismic studies has limitations,however.Hardly anything is known,for instance,about the effects that modern seismic events have on the sediments in most environments.Moreover,criteria for the recognition of seismites are still under discussion.The following characteristics seem,particularly in combination,the most reliable:(1) Soft-sediment deformation structures should occur in laterally continuous,preferably recurring horizons,separated by undeformed beds;(2) These deformation structures should be comparable with structures known to have been triggered by modern seismic activity;(3) The sedimentary basin should have experienced tectonic activity at the time when the deformations were formed; and(4) The intensity or abundance of the soft-sediment deformation structures in a presumed seismite should change laterally,depending on the distance to the epicenter.It turns out that all of these four criteria have important exceptions.(1) Soft-sediment deformation structures occurring over large lateral distances in a specific layer can be triggered also by other processes.Moreover,in environments with a low sedimentation rate,the time between successive earthquakes is often too short to allow accumulation of beds that remain undisturbed.Furthermore,total liquefaction of a sandy bed may result in the absence of deformation features.(2) No truly diagnostic soft-sediment deformation structures exist to prove seismic activity.Moreover,the final configuration of a soft-sediment deformation structure is independent of the type of trigger.(3) Seismites occur frequently in areas where seismic activity is low today.(4) The lateral changes in the intensity of soft-sediment deformation structures in seismites as a factor presumed to depend on the distances to the epicenter,pose a complicated problem.The 2012 Emilia earthquakes,for instance,affected sandy fluvial channels but not the fine-grained floodplains.It must thus be deduced that specific soft-sediment deformation structures cannot be used without additional evidence to identify seismites.In particular,the magnitude of seismic shocks and the recurrence time of main events(the most important features that allow recognition of seismites) seem to be sedimentological in nature:facies changes in space and time seem theparameters that most strongly control the occurrence,morphology,lateral extent and the vertical repetition of seismites. | Massimo Moretti A.J.(Tom) van Loon | 2014 | Journal of Palaeogeography2014，3，2： | 22 |
| 13 | 精确滴灌施肥技术对大棚土壤盐渍化和氮磷流失控制的研究显示文摘针对温室大棚盐渍化土壤灌水洗盐而导致的农业面源污染问题,以常规肥水管理方式为对照,在上海崇明东滩温室大棚采用土壤次生盐渍化监测、灌水洗盐过程模拟和农作物生产试验等方法研究精确滴灌施肥技术在降低土壤次生盐渍化程度和减少农田氮磷流失中的作用。结果表明,滴灌施肥技术可有效降低农田表层土壤的盐分积累速度,以此降低洗盐频次,进而显著削减温室大棚因灌水洗盐而引起的氮磷流失负荷。当滴灌施肥区洗盐频次降低为常规区的一半时,总氮、总磷、硝氮和氨氮的年流失负荷较常规方式削减45%~53%,而作物产量基本可以保持;当洗盐频次降低为常规区的1/4时,总氮、总磷、硝氮和氨氮的年流失负荷的削减率达58%~75%,但后茬作物减产明显。 | 郭春霞 沈根祥 黄丽华 钱晓雍 徐小辉 Massimo Pugliese | 2009 | 农业环境科学学报2009，28，2： | 21 |
| 14 | Splanchnic vasodilation and hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome in cirrhosis显示文摘Portal hypertension is a clinical syndrome which leads to several clinical complications,such as the formation and rupture of esophageal and/or gastric varices,ascites,hepatic encephalopathy and hepato-renal syndrome.In cirrhosis,the primary cause of the increase in portal pressure is the enhanced resistance to portal outflow.However,also an increase in splanchnic blood flow worsens and maintains portal hypertension.The vasodilatation of arterial splanchnic vessels and the opening of collateral circulation are the determinants of the increased splanchnic blood flow.Several vasoactive systems/substances,such as nitric oxide,cyclooxygenase-derivatives,carbon monoxide and endogenous cannabinoids are activated in portal hypertension and are responsible for the marked splanchnic vasodilatation.Moreover,an impaired reactivity to vasoconstrictor systems,such as the sympathetic nervous system,vasopressin,angiotensinⅡand endothelin-1,plays a role in this process.The opening of collateral circulation occurs through the reperfusion and dilatation of preexisting vessels,but also through the generation of new vessels.Splanchnic vasodilatation leads to the onset of the hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome,a syndrome which occurs in pa-tients with portal hypertension and is characterized by increased cardiac output and heart rate,and decreased systemic vascular resistance with low arterial blood pressure.Understanding the pathophysiology of splanchnic vasodilatation and hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome is mandatory for the prevention and treatment of portal hypertension and its severe complications. | Massimo Bolognesi Marco Di Pascoli Alberto Verardo Angelo Gatta | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，10： | 21 |
| 15 | Consensus statement AIGO/SICCR:Diagnosis and treatment of chronic constipation and obstructed defecation(partⅠ:Diagnosis)显示文摘Chronic constipation is a common and extremely troublesome disorder that significantly reduces the quality of life,and this fact is consistent with the high rate at which health care is sought for this condition.The aim of this project was to develop a consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic constipation and obstructed defecation.The commission presents its results in a 'Question-Answer' format,including a set of graded recommendations based on a systematic review of the literature and evidence-based medicine.This section represents the consensus for the diagnosis.The history includes information relating to the onset and duration of symptoms and may reveal secondary causes of constipation.The presence of alarm symptoms and risk factors requires investigation.The physical examination should assess the presence of lesions in the anal and perianal region.The evidence does not support the routine use of blood testing and colonoscopy or barium enema for constipation.Various scoring systems are available to quantify the severity of constipation;the Constipation Severity Instrument for constipation and the obstructed defecation syndrome score for obstructed defecation are the most reliable.The Constipation-Related Quality of Life is an excellent tool for evaluating the patient's quality of life.No single test provides a pathophysiological basis for constipation.Colonic transit and anorectal manometry define the pathophysiologic subtypes.Balloon expulsion is a simple screening test for defecatory disorders,but it does not define the mechanisms.Defecography detects structural abnormalities and assesses functional parameters.Magnetic resonance imaging and/or pelvic floor sonography can further complement defecography by providing information on the movement of the pelvic floor and the organs that it supports.All these investigations are indicated to differentiate between slow transit constipation and obstructed defecation because the treatments differ between these conditions. | Antonio Bove Filippo Pucciani Massimo Bellini Edda Battaglia Renato Bocchini Donato Francesco Altomare Giuseppe Dodi Guido Sciaudone Ezio Falletto Vittorio Piloni Dario Gambaccini Vincenzo Bove | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，14： | 20 |
| 16 | Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in the setting of liver transplantation for hepatocellular cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘AIM To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR) as a risk factor for post-transplant hepatocellular cancer(HCC) recurrence. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using PubM ed. Participants of any age and sex, who underwent liver transplantation for HCC were considered following these criteria:(1) studies comparing pre-transplant low vs high PLR values;(2) studies reporting post-transplant recurrence rates; and(3) if more than one study was reported by the same institute, only the most recent was included. The primary outcome measure was set for HCC recurrence after transplantation. RESULTS A total of 5 articles, published between 2014 and 2017, fulfilled the selection criteria. As for the quality of the reported studies, all the investigated articles presented an overall high quality. A total of 899 cases were investigated: 718 cases(80.0%) were males. Three studies coming from European countries and one from Japan presented HCV as the main cause of cirrhosis. On the opposite, one Chinese study presented a greater incidence of HBV-related cirrhotic cases. In all the studies apart one, the PLR cut-off value of 150 was reported. At meta-analysis, high PLR value was associated with a significant increase in recurrence after transplantation(OR = 3.33; 95%CI: 1.78-6.25; P < 0.001). A moderate heterogeneity was observed among the identified studies according to the Higgins I^2 statistic value.CONCLUSION Pre-transplant high PLR values are connected with an increased risk of post-operative recurrence of hepatocellular cancer. More studies are needed for better clarify the biological mechanisms of this results. | Quirino Lai Fabio Melandro Zoe Larghi Laureiro Francesco Giovanardi Stefano Ginanni Corradini Flaminia Ferri Redan Hassan Massimo Rossi Gianluca Mennini | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，15： | 19 |
| 17 | Mediterranean diet and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is emerging as the most common chronic liver disease, and is characterized by a wide spectrum of fat-liver disorders that can result in severe liver disease and cirrhosis. Inflammation and oxidative stress are the major risk factors involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Currently, there is no consensus concerning the pharmacological treatment of NAFLD. However, lifestyle interventions based on exercise and a balanced diet for quality and quantity, are considered the cornerstone of NAFLD management. Mediterranean diet(MD), rich in polyunsaturated fats, polyphenols, vitamins and carotenoids, with their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, has been suggested to be effective in preventing cardiovascular risk factors. In adults, MD has also been demonstrated to be efficacious in reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome. However, few studies are available on the effects of the MD in both adult and pediatric subjects with NAFLD. Thus, the aims of the present narrative review are to analyze the current clinical evidence on the impact of MD in patients with NAFLD, and to summarize the main mechanisms of action of MD components on this condition. | Caterina Anania Francesco Massimo Perla Francesca Olivero Lucia Pacifico Claudio Chiesa | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，19： | 19 |
| 18 | Operative link for gastritis assessment vs operative link on intestinal metaplasia assessment显示文摘AIM:To compare the reliability of gastritis staging sys-tems in ranking gastritis-associated cancer risk in a large series of consecutive patients.METHODS:Gastric mucosal atrophy is the precancer-ous condition in which intestinal-type gastric cancer(GC)most frequently develops.The operative link for gas-tritis assessment(OLGA)staging system ranks the GC risk according to both the topography and the severity of gastric atrophy(as assessed histologically on the ba-sis of the Sydney protocol for gastric mucosal biopsy).Both cross-sectional and long-term follow-up trials have consistently associated OLGA stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ with a higher risk of GC.A recently-proposed modification of the OLGA staging system(OLGIM)basically incorporates the OLGA frame,but replaces the atrophy score with an assessment of intestinal metaplasia(IM)alone.A series of 4552 consecutive biopsy sets(2007-2009)was re-trieved and reassessed according to both the OLGA and the OLGIM staging systems.A set of at least 5 biopsy samples was available for all the cases considered.RESULTS:In 4460 of 4552 cases(98.0%),both the high-risk stages(Ⅲ + Ⅳ)and the low-risk stages(0 +Ⅰ + Ⅱ)were assessed applying the OLGA and OL-GIM criteria.Among the 243 OLGA high-risk stages,14(5.8%)were down-staged to a low risk using OLGIM.The 67(1.5%)incidentally-found neoplastic lesions(intraepithelial or invasive)were consistently associated with high-risk stages,as assessed by both OLGA and OLGIM(P < 0.001 for both).Two of 34 intestinal-type GCs coexisting with a high-risk OLGA stage(stage Ⅲ)were associated with a low-risk OLGIM stage(stage Ⅱ).CONCLUSION:Gastritis staging systems(both OLGA and OLGIM)convey prognostically important informa-tion on the gastritis-associated cancer risk.Because of its clinical impact,the stage of gastritis should be included as a conclusive message in the gastritis histol-ogy report.Since it focuses on IM alone,OLGIM staging is less sensitive than OLGA staging in the identif ication of patients at high risk of gastric cancer. | Massimo Rugge Matteo Fassan Marco Pizzi Fabio Farinati Giacomo Carlo Sturniolo Mario Plebani David Y Graham | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，41： | 19 |
| 19 | Modulation of microbiota as treatment for intestinal inflammatory disorders: An uptodate显示文摘Alterations of intestinal microflora may significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of different inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. There is emerging interest on the role of selective modulation of microflora in inducing benefits in inflammatory intestinal disorders, by as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT). To summarize recent evidences on microflora modulation in main intestinal inflammatory disorders, Pub Med was searched using terms microbiota, intestinal flora, probiotics, prebiotics, fecal transplantation. More than three hundred articles published up to 2015 were selected and reviewed. Randomized placebo-controlled trials and meta-analysis were firstly included, mainly for probiotics. A meta-analysis was not performed because of the heterogeneity of these studies. Most of relevant data derived from studies on probiotics, reporting some efficacy in ulcerative colitis and in pouchitis, while disappointing results are available for Crohn's disease. Probiotic supplementation may significantly reduce rates of rotavirus diarrhea. Efficacy of probiotics in NSAID enteropathy and irritable bowel syndrome is still controversial. Finally, FMT has been recently recognized as an efficacious treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Modulation of intestinal flora represents a very interesting therapeutic target, although it still deserves some doubts and limitations. Future studies should be encouraged to provide new understanding about its therapeutical role. | Antonella Gallo Giovanna Passaro Antonio Gasbarrini Raffaele Landolfi Massimo Montalto | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，32： | 19 |
| 20 | Coronary thrombus in patients undergoing primary PCI for STEMI:Prognostic significance and management显示文摘Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) usually results from coronary atherosclerotic plaque disruption with superimposed thrombus formation. Detection of coronary thrombi is a poor prognostic indicator,which is mostly proportional to their size and composition. Particularly,intracoronary thrombi impair both epicardial blood flow and myocardial perfusion,by occluding major coronary arteries and causing distal embolization,respectively. Thus,although primary percutaneous coronary intervention is the preferred treatement strategy in STEMI setting,the associated use of adjunctive antithrombotic drugs and/or percutaneous thrombectomy is crucial to optimize therapy of STEMI patients,by improving either angiographical and clinical outcomes. This review article will focus on the prognostic significance of intracoronary thrombi and on current antithrombotic pharmacological and interventional strategies used inthe setting of STEMI to manage thrombotic lesions. | Sabine Vecchio Elisabetta Varani Tania Chechi Marco Balducelli Giuseppe Vecchi Matteo Aquilina Giulia Ricci Lucchi Alessro Dal Monte Massimo Margheri | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，6： | 18 |
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