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| 1 | The role of gut microbiota(commensal bacteria)and the mucosal barrier in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and cancer:contribution of germ-free and gnotobiotic animal models of human diseases显示文摘Metagenomic approaches are currently being used to decipher the genome of the microbiota(microbiome),and,in parallel,functional studies are being performed to analyze the effects of the microbiota on the host.Gnotobiological methods are an indispensable tool for studying the consequences of bacterial colonization.Animals used as models of human diseases can be maintained in sterile conditions(isolators used for germ-free rearing)and specifically colonized with defined microbes(including non-cultivable commensal bacteria).The effects of the germ-free state or the effects of colonization on disease initiation and maintenance can be observed in these models.Using this approach we demonstrated direct involvement of components of the microbiota in chronic intestinal inflammation and development of colonic neoplasia(i.e.,using models of human inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal carcinoma).In contrast,a protective effect of microbiota colonization was demonstrated for the development of autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic(NOD)mice.Interestingly,the development of atherosclerosis in germ-free apolipoprotein E(ApoE)-deficient mice fed by a standard low-cholesterol diet is accelerated compared with conventionally reared animals.Mucosal induction of tolerance to allergen Bet v1 was not influenced by the presence or absence of microbiota.Identification of components of the microbiota and elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of their action in inducing pathological changes or exerting beneficial,disease-protective activities could aid in our ability to influence the composition of the microbiota and to find bacterial strains and components(e.g.,probiotics and prebiotics)whose administration may aid in disease prevention and treatment. | Helena Tlaskalova-Hogenova Renata Stepankova Hana Kozakova Tomas Hudcovic Luca Vannucci Ludmila Tuckova Pavel Rossmann TomasHrncır Miloslav Kverka Zuzana Zakostelska Klara Klimesova Jaroslava Pribylova Jirina Bartova Daniel Sanchez Petra Fundova Dana Borovska Dagmar Sru˚tkova Zdenek Zıdek Martin Schwarzer Pavel Drastich David P Funda | 2011 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2011，8，2： | 47 |
| 2 | Mucin and phospholipids determine viscosity of gallbladder bile in patients with gallstones显示文摘AIM An increased viscosity of gallbladder bile has been considered an important factor in the pathogenesis of gallstone disease. Besides lipids and proteins, mucin has been suggested to affect the viscosity of bile. To further clarify these issues we compared mucin, protein and the lipid components of hepatic and gallbladder bile and its viscosity in patients with gallstones.METHODS Viscosity of bile ( mpa. s ) wasmeasured using rotation viscosimetry in regard to the non-Newtonian property of bile at law shear rates.RESULTS Biliary viscosity was markedly higher in gallbladder bile of patients with cholesterol (5.00 ± 0.60 mpa. s, mean ± SEM, n --28) and mixed stones (3.50±0.68 mPa. s; n =8) compared to hepatic bile (0.92 ± 0.06 mpa. s,n -6). A positive correlation between mucin and viscosity was found in gallbladder biles (r=0.65; P<0.001) but not in hepatic biles. The addition of physiologic and supraphysiologic amounts of mucin to gallbladder bile resulted in a dose dependent non linear increase of its viscosity. A positive correlation was determined between phospholipid concentration and viscosity (r = 0.34, P<0.005) in gallbladder biles. However, no correlation was found between total protein or the other lipid concentrations and viscosity in both gallbladder and hepatic biles.CONCLUSION The viscosity of gallbladder bile is markedly higher than that of hepatic bile in patients with gallstones. The concentration of mucin is the major determinant of biliary viscosity and may contribute by this mechanism to the role of mucin in the pathogenesis of gallstones. | Dieter Jüngst Anna Niemeyer Iris Müller Benedikta Zündt Günther Meyer Martin Wilhelmi Reginalddel Pozo | 2001 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2001，7，2： | 2 |
| 3 | Methodological considerations in the determination of working length显示文摘 | Martine Z Lozano MA Fomer Navarro L | 2001 | Int Endod J2001，34，5： | 1 |
| 4 | Food poisoning related to consumption of illicit β-agonist in liver显示文摘 | Martine Z Navaari J E | 1990 | Lancet1990，336，8726： | 1 |
| 5 | An investor expectation stock price pre- dictive model using closed-end funds premiums显示文摘 | Martin E Z | 1973 | Journal of Finance1973，28，1： | 1 |
| 6 | High invertase activity in tomato reproductive organs correlates with enhanced sucrose import into, and heat tolerance of, young fruit 显示文摘 | Li Z Palmer W M Martin A P | 2012 | Joumal of Experimental Botany2012，63，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Biological effects of magnetic fluids toxicity studies 显示文摘 | Lacava Z G M Azevedo R B Martins E V | 1999 | J Magn Magnetic Mater1999，201，： | 1 |
| 8 | Spectmmiccroscopy study of intercalation and exfoliation in polypropylene/montmofillonite nanocomposites 显示文摘 | Martin Z Jimenez I Gomez M A | 2009 | J Phys Chem B2009，113，11： | 1 |
| 9 | Activation of blymphocytes by GLIS,a bioactive proteoglycan from Ganoderma lucidurn显示文摘 | ZHANG J TANG Q MARTIN Z K | 2002 | Life Sciences2002，71，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Genetic Analysis of Pre-harvest Sprouting Resistance in a Wheat显示文摘 | Silvia Z Michael W Martin K | 2000 | Spelt2000，40，： | 1 |
| 11 | Mobility of heavy metals associated with the natural weathering of coal mine spoils显示文摘 | Dang Z Liu C Q Martin J H | 2002 | Environmental Pollution2002，118，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Template synthesis-a method for enhancing the ionic and electronic conductivity in electronically conductive polymers显示文摘 | Martin C R Vandyke L S Cai Z H | 1992 | Electrochim Acta1992，37，9： | 1 |
| 13 | Effect ofnucleating agents and pigments on crystallisation : morphology andmechanical properties of polypropylene显示文摘 | MUBARAK Z MARTIN P J HARKIN-JONES E | 2000 | Plast Rubb Comp2000，29，： | 1 |
| 14 | Arabidopsis transcription factors: genome-wide comparative analysis among eukaryotes 显示文摘 | Riechmann J L Heard J Martin G Reuber L Jiang C Keddie J Adam L Pineda O Ratcliffe O J Samaha R R Creelman R Pilgrim M Broun P Zhang J Z Ghandehari D Sherman B K Yu G | 2000 | Science2000，290，： | 1 |
| 15 | Aerodynamic design optimiza- tion studies of a blended-wing-body aireraft显示文摘 | Lyu Z Joaquim R Martins R | 2014 | Journal of Air- craft2014，51，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Clean intermittent catheterization:Educational booklet directed to caregivers of children with neurogenic bladder dysfunction显示文摘 | Martins G Soler Z A Batigalia F | 2009 | J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs2009，36，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Vibration control of a very flexible manipulator system显示文摘 | Mohamed Z Martins J M Tokhi M O | 2005 | Con- trol Engineering Practice2005，13，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Two cytosolic glutamine synthetase isoforms of maize are specifically involved in the control of grain production 显示文摘 | Martin A Lee J Kichey T Gerentes D Zivy M Tatout C Dubois F Balliau T Valot B Davanture M Laforgue T T Quillere I Coque M Gallais A Moro M B G Bethencourt L Habash D Z Lea P J Charcosset A Perez P Murigneux A Sakakibara H Edwards K J Hirel B | 2006 | The Plant Cell2006，18，11： | 1 |
| 19 | Treatment of age-related macular de- generation : focus on ranibizumab 显示文摘 | Martin S Focke Z Karl B | 2008 | Clin Ophthalmol2008，2，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Theory of chemical kinetics and charge transfer based on nonequilibrium thermodynamics显示文摘 | Bazant Martin Z | 2013 | Accounts of Chemical Research2013，46，5： | 1 |
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