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| 1 | Sustained modulation of intestinal bacteria by exclusive enteral nutrition used to treat children with Crohn’s disease显示文摘 | S. T.LEACH H. M.MITCHELL W. R.ENG L.ZHANG A. S.DAY | 2008 | Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics2008，，6： | 1 |
| 2 | 小农场上的大科学梦显示文摘五年过去了,这项代价高昂的跨学科研究实验取得了怎样的回报? | M·米切尔·沃德诺普(M.Mitchell Waldrop) 赵旭丹(翻译) | 2012 | 环球科学2012，，1： | 0 |
| 3 | 物理学家向癌症开战显示文摘都说隔行如隔山,但物理学家保罗·戴维斯却在跨界之后,从癌症研究中得到乐趣:因为生物学家们说,正是从他那些直指核心的“傻问题”中大受启发。 | M.米切尔·沃尔德罗普(M.Mitchell Waldrop) 贾明月(翻译) | 2011 | 环球科学2011，，7： | 0 |
| 4 | Marsh persistence under sea-level rise is controlled by multiple,geologically variable stressors显示文摘Introduction:Marshes contribute to habitat and water quality in estuaries and coastal bays.Their importance to continued ecosystem functioning has led to concerns about their persistence.Outcomes:Concurrent with sea-level rise,marshes are eroding and appear to be disappearing through ponding in their interior;in addition,in many places,they are being replaced with shoreline stabilization structures.We examined the changes in marsh extent over the past 40 years within a subestuary of Chesapeake Bay,the largest estuary in the United States,to better understand the effects of sea-level rise and human pressure on marsh coverage.Discussion:Approximately 30 years ago,an inventory of York River estuary marshes documented the historic extent of marshes.Marshes were resurveyed in 2010 to examine shifts in tidal marsh extent and distribution.Marsh change varied spatially along the estuary,with watershed changes between a 32%loss and an 11%gain in marsh area.Loss of marsh was apparent in high energy sections of the estuary while there was marsh gain in the upper/riverine section of the estuary and where forested hummocks on marsh islands have become inundated.Marshes showed little change in the small tributary creeks,except in the creeks dominated by fringing marshes and high shoreline development.Conclusions:Differential resilience to sea-level rise and spatial variations in erosion,sediment supply,and human development have resulted in spatially variable changes in specific marsh extents and are predicted to lead to a redistribution of marshes along the estuarine gradient,with consequences for their unique communities. | M.Mitchell J.Herman D.M.Bilkovic C.Hershner Virginia | 2017 | Ecosystem Health and Sustainability2017，3，10： | 0 |
| 5 | 新发现太阳中微子与太阳黑子有联系显示文摘太阳中微子出现率降低之际太阳黑子数增加,而太阳黑子消失之时中微子出现率正好增长,这是为什么? | M.Mitchell Waldrop 余少华 | 1991 | 世界科学1991，13，2： | 0 |
| 6 | 自组织、进化和生命显示文摘复杂的动力学系统往往可以自发地由无序到有序,这是否正是进化的动力呢?在研究生物进化问题方面,我们似乎忽略了一些关键性的原理,它不同于多年来生物学家所热衷的自然选择,遗传漂变或其它机制,然而它却决定了生物的发育. | M.Mitchell Waldrop 储成才 庞广昌 | 1991 | 世界科学1991，13，2： | 0 |
| 7 | Assessing the utility of the tipping point ratio to monitor HIV treatment programmes in the era of universal access to ART显示文摘Background:The epidemiological tipping point ratio(TPR)has been suggested as a useful indicator to monitor the scale-up of antiretroviral treatment(ART)programmes and determine when scale-up is sufficient to control the epidemic.TPR has been defined as the ratio of yearly number of new HIV infections to the yearly number of new ART initiations or to the yearly net increase in the number of people on ART.It has been used to rank the progress of treatment programmes across countries,with the objective of reaching a TPR value under 1.Our study aims to assess if TPR alone can be used as an indicator of ART success across settings by comparing the expected changes in HIV incidence and ART coverage when TPR is maintained constant over time.In particular,we focus on the effect of ART initiation timing(emphasis on ART being initiated early or late during HIV progression)on the interpretation of the TPR.Methods:We used a dynamic model of HIV transmission in South Africa representing ART rollout leading to universal treatment in 2017.The model is calibrated to HIV incidence,HIV prevalence and ART coverage in 2012 in South Africa,and 1000 simulations are selected for the base-case scenario.To measure the effect of TPR,we simulate TPRpreserving interventions,maintaining TPR(yearly number of new ART initiations denominator)at the value observed in 2019(between 0.65 and 1.25)for 15 years.We compare ART coverage and HIV incidence across TPR values and across strategies in which ART access is prioritized differently.In a secondary analysis,we illustrate the sensitivity of new ART initiations to ART retention,and we compare both definitions of the TPR.Results:Our analysis shows that HIV incidence reduction is weakly correlated to TPR:the same reduction in HIV incidence(15%)can be achieved by implementing the same strategy with a wide range of TPR maintained(0.65e1.12).Assuming high retention in ART,TPR-preserving strategies prioritizing early ART initiation yield greater reduction in HIV incidence than strategies where most individuals initiate ART late.High ART coverage is associated with low HIV incidence and it can be reached with a TPR below or equal to one with strategies favoring early ART initiation.Low ART retention over time results in higher HIV incidence even if TPR is maintained low.If ART retention is low,strategies prioritizing late ART initiation are associated with lower HIV incidence than strategies where ART is initiated early.Maintaining a fixed TPR value based on the net increase in people on ART gives higher HIV incidence reduction and requires fast ART scale-up.Conclusion:Our analysis suggests that the TPR is not an adequate indicator of ART programme impact,without information on ART coverage and retention.Achieving early initiation and adherence to treatment to improve ART coverage might be as important as attaining a specific TPR target.Comparisons of TPR in different settings should account for differences in epidemic conditions. | Simon de Montigny Marie-Claude Boily Benoît RMasse Kate M.Mitchell Dobromir T.Dimitrov | 2018 | Infectious Disease Modelling2018，3，1： | 0 |
| 8 | Using data from‘visible’populations to estimate the size and importance of‘hidden’populations in an epidemic:A modelling technique显示文摘We used reported behavioural data from cisgender men who have sex with men and transgender women(MSM/TGW)in Bangalore,mainly collected from‘hot-spot’locations that attract MSM/TGW,to illustrate a technique to deal with potential issues with the representativeness of this sample.A deterministic dynamic model of HIV transmission was developed,incorporating three subgroups of MSM/TGW,grouped according to their reported predominant sexual role(insertive,receptive or versatile).Using mathematical modelling and data triangulation for‘balancing’numbers of partners and role preferences,we compared three different approaches to determine if our technique could be useful for inferring characteristics of a more‘hidden’insertive MSM subpopulation,and explored their potential importance for the HIV epidemic.Projections for 2009 across all three approaches suggest that HIV prevalence among insertive MSM was likely to be less than half that recorded in the surveys(4.5e6.5%versus 13.1%),but that the relative size of this subgroup was over four times larger(61e69%of all MSM/TGW versus 15%).We infer that the insertive MSM accounted for 10e20%of all prevalent HIV infections among urban males aged 15e49.Mathematical modelling can be used with data on‘visible’MSM/TGW to provide insights into the characteristics of‘hidden’MSM.A greater understanding of the sexual behaviour of all MSM/TGW is important for effective HIV programming.More broadly,a hidden subgroup with a lower infectious disease prevalence than more visible subgroups,has the potential to contain more infections,if the hidden subgroup is considerably larger in size. | Anna M.Foss Holly J.Prudden Kate M.Mitchell Michael Pickles Reynold Washington Anna E.Phillips Michel Alary Marie-Claude Boily Stephen Moses Charlotte H.Watts Peter T.Vickerman | 2020 | Infectious Disease Modelling2020，5，1： | 0 |
| 9 | 耐氯胺的EP弹性体及其胶料显示文摘人们经常抱怨应用于家庭用水系统的橡胶件的失效问题。这些产品易溶胀、龟裂,且都与采用的丁腈橡胶胶料及乙烯/丙烯共聚物材料有关。胶件失效的例子有: 1) | Julian M.Mitchell 屈成军 | 2000 | 橡胶参考资料2000，30，2： | 0 |
| 10 | 外星人搜索计划终止?显示文摘哈特克里克山谷位于美国加利福尼亚,地处拉森峰北部古代熔岩荒原间。这里只能听到风声和远处的牛叫声,天线马达轻柔的隆隆声早已归为寂静:在夏日的艳阳下.艾伦望远镜阵的所有42面射电天线一动不动地矗立着,指向南方地平线上的群山。 | M.米切尔·沃尔德罗普(M.Mitchell Waldrop) 谢懿(翻译) | 2011 | 环球科学2011，，10： | 0 |
| 11 | 生命真的开始于RNA世界吗?显示文摘混沌初开,地球上的原始生物还没进化出蛋白质或遗传密码的时候,复杂而万能的RNA分子(核糖核酸)控制着生物体的基础化学。地球上的每一点遗传信息都被编入RNA中。细胞新陈代谢中发生的一切化学反应都由RNA来催化。大约40亿万年前的原始地球是一个“RNA世界”。上述观点已成为人们的常识。80年代初,当科罗拉多大学的托马斯·舍契(Thomas Cech)和耶鲁大学的西德尼·沃尔曼(Sidney Alman) | M.Mitchell Waldrop 李庆 | 1993 | 世界科学1993，，8： | 0 |
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