|
|
|
题名
|
作者
|
年代
|
出处
|
被引量
|
| 1 | 激光剥蚀信号在线平滑和去汞装置:原位微区铅同位素准确分析利器显示文摘激光原位微区分析可在微观尺度上完成样品的元素定量分析或同位素组成测定,为研究成岩、成矿物质来源和追踪地壳与地幔演化历史提供了独特的观察视野。但是,激光剥蚀等离子体质谱的一些缺陷阻碍了地质样品的高精度、高空间分辨率分析,比如:剥蚀池的位置效应、低剥蚀速率下信号波动影响、激光剥蚀脉动式信号导致的光谱螺纹效应、高频激光剥蚀造成的元素分馏效应等。为此,一些学者设计了不同规格和样式的激光剥蚀信号平滑装置来克服这些问题。但是,这些信号平滑装置普遍还存在气体吹扫时间过长和降低激光剥蚀信号灵敏度等问题。因此,研制新型的信号平滑装置对改善LA—ICP—MS的数据质量具有重要的意义。 | Hu Z Zhang W Liu Y Gao S Li M Zong K Chen H Hu S 刘勇胜 | 2015 | 矿物岩石地球化学通报2015，34，4： | 114 |
| 2 | 新媒体联盟地平线报告:2017高等教育版显示文摘《新媒体联盟地平线报告:2017高等教育版》由美国新媒体联盟与美国高校教育信息化协会学习促进会协作完成。来自5大洲22个国家的78位不同角色的专家选择了最有可能影响今后五年(2017—2021)技术规划和决策制定的六项主要趋势、六个关键挑战和六种重要技术,详细阐释了共18个主题的内容。本年度报告将18个主题内容分为六个元分类,并对每个内容进行元分类标注。从2017年的报告当中,我们既能够见到'混合式学习'、'自适应性学习'、'移动学习'等熟悉的主题,又能够看到'人工智能'、'自然用户界面'等新兴技术的最新进展。本报告对于指导各国政府和高等院校推进教育信息化工作具有宏观指导价值。 | S·亚当斯贝克尔 M·卡明斯 A·戴维斯 A·弗里曼 C·霍尔给辛格 V·安娜塔娜额亚婻 殷丙山(译) 高茜(译) 任直(译) 刘鑫驰(译) 曹红岩(译) 王济军(译) 赵广元(译) 邵恒(译) | 2017 | 开放学习研究2017，22，2： | 81 |
| 3 | IMbrave150研究:免疫抑制剂治疗首次取得晚期肝细胞癌一线治疗成功显示文摘【据The New England Journal of Medicine 2020年5月报道】题:阿特朱单抗联合贝伐单抗在无法手术切除的晚期肝细胞癌中的疗效(作者Finn RS等)索拉非尼和仑伐替尼是目前晚期肝细胞癌(HCC)的标准一线治疗方案,可适当提高患者总生存率,但不良反应较多。PD-1抑制剂、阿特朱单抗(PD-L1抑制剂)以及贝伐单抗在Ⅰb期和Ⅱ期临床试验中显示出良好的客观缓解率。该研究探索了阿特朱单抗联合贝伐单抗对比单药索拉非尼治疗无法手术切除的晚期HCC的疗效和安全性。 | 刘昊天 钟鉴宏 FINN RS QIN S IKEDA M | 2020 | 临床肝胆病杂志2020，36，9： | 460 |
| 4 | Oncofetal antigen glypican-3 as a promising early diagnostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘BACKGROUND:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by a multi-cause,multi-stage and multi-focus process of tumor progression.Its prognosis is poor and early diagnosis is of utmost importance.This study was undertaken to investigate the dynamic expression of oncofetal antigen glypican-3 (GPC-3) and GPC-3 mRNA in hepatocarcinogenesis and to explore their early diagnostic value for HCC.METHODS:A hepatoma model was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats with 0.05% 2-fluorenylacetamide and confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) expression.Total RNA was purified and transcribed into cDNA by reverse transcription.Fragments of the GPC-3 gene were amplified by nested RT-PCR,and confirmed by sequencing.GPC-3 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry,Western blotting or ELISA.RESULTS:Positive GPC-3 expression showed as brown granule-like staining localized in the cytoplasm.Histological examination of hepatocytes revealed three morphological stages of granule-like degeneration,atypical hyperplasia (precancerous),and cancer formation,with a progressive increase of liver total RNA and GGT expression.The incidence of liver GPC-3 mRNA and GPC-3,and serum GPC-3 was 100%,100% and 77.8% in the HCC group,100%,100%,and 66.7% in the precancerous group,83.3%,83.3%,and 38.9% in the degeneration group,and no expression in the liver or blood of the control group,respectively.There was a positive correlation between liver GPC-3 mRNA and total RNA level (r=0.475,P<0.05) or liver GPC-3 (r=1.0,P<0.001) or serum GPC-3 (r= 0.994,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:Abnormal oncofetal antigen GPC-3 and GPC-3 mRNA expression in hepatocarcinogenesis may be promising molecular markers for early diagnosis of HCC. | Research Center of Clinical Medicine,Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University,Nantong 226001,China (Yao M,Yao DF,Qiu LW,Wu W,Sai WL,Yang JL and Zhang HJ) Department of Oncology,Yancheng First People’s Hospital,Yancheng 224001,China (Bian YZ) Department of Oncology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210011,China (Zhang CG) | 2011 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2011，10，3： | 51 |
| 5 | 前庭性偏头痛:诊断标准——Barany学会及国际头痛学会共识文件显示文摘本文提供了前庭性偏头痛的诊断标准,由Barany学会前庭疾患分类委员会及国际头痛学会(IHS)偏头痛分类分委员会共同制定。分类包括前庭性偏头痛及很可能的前庭性偏头痛。与IHS的常规程序相同,前庭性偏头痛作为一种新分类,将首先出现在第3版国际头痛分类(ICHD-3)的附录中。若积累了进一步的证据,很可能的前庭性偏头痛也许会纳入更晚的ICHD版本中。前庭性偏头痛的诊断建立在反复发作的前庭症状、具有偏头痛病史、前庭症状与偏头痛症状间存在时间上的相关性,并排除其他可导致前庭症状的病因。符合前庭性偏头痛诊断的症状包括不同类型的眩晕及头部活动诱发的头晕伴恶心。症状的严重程度必须为中重度。急性发作的持续时间限于5 min^72 h的时间窗内。 | 华驾略 李焰生 Lempert T Olesen J Furman J Waterston J Seemungal B Carey J Bisdorff A Versino M Evers S Newman-Toker D | 2013 | 神经病学与神经康复学杂志2013，10，3： | 60 |
| 6 | 温度对美拉德反应的研究(英文)显示文摘本文报道了反应温度对以d-葡萄糖和l-甘氨酸水溶液模式体系美拉德反应的影响。研究了在不同反应温度(80、100、120℃)和不同反应时间下,体系中糖和氨基酸的降解程度,反应中间体:阿利德诺和有机酸的累积程度,类黑素的形成及pH变化程度。研究结果表明:随着反应温度和反应时间的增加,反应速率加快。 | 吴少雄 M A J S van Boeke S I F S Martins 郭祀远 李琳 | 2005 | 食品科学2005，26，7： | 54 |
| 7 | Helicobacter pylori associated chronic gastritis,clinical syndromes,precancerous lesions,and pathogenesis of gastric cancer development显示文摘Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is well known to be associated with the development of precancerous lesions such as chronic atrophic gastritis(AG),or gastric intestinal metaplasia(GIM),and cancer.Various molecular alterations are identified not only in gastric cancer(GC)but also in precancerous lesions.H.pylori treatment seems to improve AG and GIM,but still remains controversial.In contrast,many studies,including meta-analysis,show that H.pylori eradication reduces GC.Molecular markers detected by genetic and epigenetic alterations related to carcinogenesis reverse following H.pylori eradication.This indicates that these changes may be an important factor in the identification of high risk patients for cancer development.Patients who underwent endoscopic treatment of GC are at high risk for development of metachronous GC.A randomized controlled trial from Japan concluded that prophylactic eradication of H.pylori after endoscopic resection should be used to prevent the development of metachronous GC,but recent retrospective studies did not show the tendency.Patients with precancerous lesions(molecular alterations)that do not reverse after H.pylori treatment,represent the'point of no return'and may be at high risk for the development of GC.Therefore,earlier H.pylori eradication should be considered for preventing GC development prior to the appearance of precancerous lesions. | Jiro Watari Nancy Chen Peter S Amenta Hirokazu Fukui Tadayuki Oshima Toshihiko Tomita Hiroto Miwa Kheng-Jim Lim Kiron M Das | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，18： | 60 |
| 8 | 患者肠道微生物群失调与肠上皮屏障功能障碍显示文摘最近的证据表明,在动物模型中,肠道病理学和微生物组与高血压之间存在联系。然而,这种关联在人类中是否存在尚不清楚。因此,该研究的目的是检验高血压患者具有明显特异的肠道微生物组以及肠上皮屏障功能标记物和微生物组组成可以预测收缩压变化的假设。研究者通过鸟枪法宏基因组学分析粪便样本显示微生物分类和功能变化,结果显示高血压患者和对照受试者之间丁酸盐产生存在差异。 | Kim S Goel R Kumar A Qi Y Lobaton G Hosaka K Mohammed M Handberg EM Richards EM Pepine CJ Raizada MK 刘青 叶鹏 | 2018 | 中华高血压杂志2018，26，9： | 45 |
| 9 | 帕博利珠单抗单用或与放疗联用治疗转移性非小细胞肺癌:两个随机试验的汇总分析显示文摘背景放疗可以提高整个机体对免疫治疗的应答。在Ⅱ期PEMBRO-RT研究和Ⅰ/Ⅱ期MDACC研究中,患有转移性非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的患者被随机分配入组,接受免疫治疗(帕博利珠单抗)+放疗联合疗法,或免疫治疗单一疗法。当上述2个研究单独分析时,联合疗法组显示出潜在获益。由于每个研究的样本量较小,缓解率和结局并未显示出统计学意义,然而却有显著的临床获益。因此,本研究进行汇总分析,来判断放疗是否会改善转移性NSCLC患者的免疫治疗应答。方法PEMBRO-RT和MDACC研究纳入标准:患者年龄≥18岁,患有转移性NSCLC,且有≥1处未经放疗照射的病灶,以便进行射野外应答监测。PEMBRO-RT研究纳入曾接受过化疗患者,MDACC研究纳入曾接受过治疗或新诊断患者。2个研究中的患者均未接受过免疫治疗。在PEMBRO-RT研究中患者被等比例随机分配入组,并根据吸烟状态进行分层(分为<10年组和≥10年组)。MDACC研究的患者根据放疗计划可行性被等比例随机分配入2个受试组。由于联合治疗组的干预本质,每个研究中的放疗均不适用盲法。在2个研究中,不论是否进行放疗,均静脉滴入帕博利珠单抗(每3周200 mg)。在PEMBRO-RT研究中,在放疗(24 Gy 3次分割照射)结束后1周给予第1剂帕博利珠单抗。在MDACC研究中,在第1次放疗(50 Gy 4次分割照射或45 Gy 15次分割照射)同时给予帕博利珠单抗。仅检测未经照射病灶的应答。本研究的终点为最佳射野外(远隔)应答率(ARR)、最佳射野外疾病控制率(ACR)、12周时ARR、12周时ACR、无进展生存期(PFS)和总生存期(OS)。2个研究的意向治疗(ITT)人群均纳入分析。PEMBRO-RT研究(NCT02492568)和MDACC研究(NCT02444741)均在ClinicalTrials.gov上注册。发现纳入148例患者,76例接受帕博利珠单抗治疗,72例接受帕博利珠单抗+放疗治疗。所有患者随访时间中位数为33个月[四分位距(IQR):32.4~33.6]。148例患者中124例(84%)组织学特征为非鳞癌,111例(75%)患者曾经接受过化疗。组间没有基线特征差异,包括PD-L1表达状态和转移灶体积。最常见的照射部位为肺转移灶(39%,28/72)、胸腔内淋巴结(21%,15/72)和非原发灶(17%,12/72)。帕博利珠单抗组和联合治疗组的最佳ARR分别为19.7%(15/76)和41.7%(30/72),OR=2.96,95%CI:1.42~6.20,P=0.0039;最佳ACR分别为43.4%(33/76)和65.3%(47/72),OR=2.51,95%CI:1.28~4.91,P=0.0071;PFS中位数分别为4.4(IQR:2.9~5.9)和9.0个月(IQR:6.8~11.2),HR=0.67,95%CI:0.45~0.99,P=0.045;OS中位数分别为8.7(IQR:6.4~11.0)和19.2个月(IQR:14.6~23.8),OR=0.67,95%CI:0.54~0.84,P=0.0004。在汇总分析中没有发现新的安全问题。解读帕博利珠单抗免疫疗法+放疗显著提高转移性NSCLC患者的应答和改善治疗结局。这些结果需要在三期临床试验中进行验证。 | 陈大卫(翻译) 于金明(校对) Willemijn S M E Theelen Vivek Verma Brian P Hobbs Heike M U Peulen Joachim G J V Aerts Idris Bahce Anna Larissa N Niemeijer Joe Y Chang Patricia M de Groot Quynh-Nhu Nguyen Nathan I Comeaux George R Simon Ferdinandos Skoulidis Steven H Lin Kewen He Roshal Patel John Heymach Paul Baas James W Welsh | 2021 | 中华肿瘤防治杂志2021，28，24： | 49 |
| 10 | Portal vein thrombosis, mortality and hepatic decompensation in patients with cirrhosis: A meta-analysis显示文摘AIM: To determine the clinical impact of portal vein thrombosis in terms of both mortality and hepatic decompensations(variceal hemorrhage, ascites, portosystemic encephalopathy) in adult patients with cirrhosis.METHODS: We identified original articles reported through February 2015 in MEDLINE, Scopus, Science Citation Index, AMED, the Cochrane Library, and relevant examples available in the grey literature. Two independent reviewers screened all citations for inclusion criteria and extracted summary data. Random effects odds ratios were calculated to obtain aggregate estimates of effect size across included studies, with 95%CI.RESULTS: A total of 226 citations were identified and reviewed, and 3 studies with 2436 participants were included in the meta-analysis of summary effect. Patients with portal vein thrombosis had an increased risk of mortality(OR = 1.62, 95%CI: 1.11-2.36, P = 0.01). Portal vein thrombosis was associated with an increased risk of ascites(OR = 2.52, 95%CI: 1.63-3.89, P < 0.001). There was insufficient data available to determine the pooled effect on other markers of decompensation including gastroesophageal variceal bleeding or hepatic encephalopathy. CONCLUSION: Portal vein thrombosis appears to increase mortality and ascites, however, the relatively small number of included studies limits more generalizable conclusions. More trials with a direct comparison group are needed. | Jonathan G Stine Puja M Shah Scott L Cornella Sean R Rudnick Marwan S Ghabril George J Stukenborg Patrick G Northup | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，27： | 42 |
| 11 | Expression of the B7 - related molecule B7 - H1 by glioma cells: a potential mechanism of immune paralysis显示文摘Human glioblastoma is a highly lethal tumor that is known for its immune inhibitory capabilities.B7-homologue l(B7-H 1),a recently identified homologue of B7.1/2(CD80/86),has been described to exert costimulatoryand immune regulatory functions.We investigated the expression and the functional activity of B7-H 1 in humanglioma cells in vitro and in vivo.Although lacking B7.1/2(CD80/86),all 12 glioma cel1 1ines constitutivelyexpressed B7-H1 mRNA and protein.Exposure to IFN-gamma strongly enhanced B7-H 1 expression.Im- | Wintterle S Schreiner B Mitsdoerffer M Schneider D Chen Meyermann R Weller M Wiendl H | 2003 | 中国神经肿瘤杂志2003，1，4： | 37 |
| 12 | Overexpression of ADAM9 in non-small cell lung cancer correlates with brain metastasis显示文摘The 'a disintegrin and metalloprotease' (ADAM) family contributes to regulation of the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions that are critical determinants of malignancy. To determine the relationship between metastasis and ADAM proteins, we compared the mRNA levels of ADAM9,-10,-12,-15, and-17 in sublines of an EBC-1 lung cancer cell line that were highly metastatic to either brain or bone. ADAM9 mRNA levels were significantly higher in highly brain-metastatic sublines than in the parent or highly bonemetastalic sublines. To elucidate the role ofADAM9 in brain metastasis, we stably transfected A549 and EBC-1 cells with a fulllength ADAM9 expression vector. Compared with mock-transfectants, ADAM9 overexpression resulted in increased invasive capacity | Shintani Y Higashiyama S Ohta M Hirabayashi H Yamamoto S Yoshimasu T Matsuda H Matsuura N | 2004 | 中国神经肿瘤杂志2004，2，2： | 36 |
| 13 | 1995-2005年青海省棘球蚴病流行病学调查分析显示文摘目的分析1995-2005年青海省人与动物棘球蚴病的流行病学调查结果。方法人群棘球蚴病感染情况以Bu-ELISA、EM18-ELISA和B超、X线进行检查和评价。动物棘球蚴病/棘球绦虫感染调查采用解剖学方法和寄生虫学方法。结果①女性人群的血清阳性率和患病率显著高于男性人群(14.41%和4.81%、10.22%和3.25%);随年龄增长,人群血清阳性率和患病率升高(见表5);以牧民、喇嘛的血清阳性率和患病率最高(17.73%和9.33%、18.56%和10.0%)。②青海省人与动物棘球蚴病/棘球绦虫的血清阳性率和感染/患病率以青南高原的果洛、玉树、黄南三州最高(见表1、7、8),祁连山地和河湟谷地的海南、海北两州次之,海东地区、西宁及柴达木盆地的海西州较低。③青海省是以囊型棘球蚴病/细粒棘球绦虫为主的囊型和泡型棘球蚴病的混合流行区,并在其南部发现存在石渠棘球绦虫的动物感染。结论青海省棘球绦虫的生活史循环链十分复杂,家养动物相互之间、野生动物相互之间、家养动物和野生动物之间均参与其中。 | 王虎 张静宵 Schantz P M Akira Ito P S craig 吴献洪 韩秀敏 | 2006 | 中国人兽共患病学报2006，22，12： | 37 |
| 14 | AGNP精神科治疗药物监测共识指南:2011显示文摘治疗药物监测(Therapeutic drug monitoring,TDM),如通过定量测定血清或血浆药物浓度指导用药剂量优化,已经成为对患者进行精神药物治疗的很有价值的工具。在患者用药依从性难以判断、药物耐受性不佳、治疗剂量下无效以及可能存在药代动力学药物-药物相互作用等情况下,测定药物浓度是很有用的。在精神科,有可能明显获益于TDM的主要患者群体包括儿童、孕妇、老年患者、智力障碍患者、涉及司法的患者、已知或怀疑携带药代动力学相关基因变异的患者,以及合并躯体疾病影响药代动力学的患者。然而,只有将TDM充分整合到临床治疗过程中去,才能发挥其优化药物治疗的潜在优势。为了促进TDM的合理应用,神经精神药理学与药物精神病学协会(Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie,AGNP)的TDM专家组在2004年发表了精神药物治疗药物监测指南。之后,随着知识不断更新,又有许多可能需要进行TDM的新药上市。因此,本次更新将神经精神药物的种类扩展到了128种,并将其TDM必要性划分为从'强烈推荐'到'可能有用'的四个等级。经过大量细致且全面的文献检索与分门别类的汇总整理,将基于循证医学理念的'治疗参考浓度范围'和'剂量相关参考浓度范围'呈现给大家。本共识指南引入了'实验室警戒浓度'的新概念,即实验室需要马上告知治疗医生的药物浓度上限。本共识指南还给出了诸如药物作为细胞色素P450酶的底物和抑制剂的性质,代谢物与母药浓度比值的常见范围,以及与结果解释相关的内容,还提供了何时将TDM与遗传药理学检测相结合的建议。遵循本指南,有助于改善许多患者精神药物治疗的效果,特别是那些存在药代动力学异常的患者。TDM是一门交叉学科,有时针对看起来不一致的数据,需要多学科坦诚地讨论,只有这样,患者才能从这种合作中获益。 | Hiemke C Baumann P Bergemann N Conca A Dietmaier O Egberts K Fric M Gerlach M Greiner C Gründer G Haen E Havemann-Reinecke U Jaquenoud Sirot E Kirchherr H Laux G Lutz UC Messer T Müller MJ Pfuhlmann B Rambeck B Riederer P Schoppek B Stingl J Uhr M Ulrich S Waschgler R Zernig G 李文标(译) 果伟(译) 阮灿军(译) 贺静(译) 汤宜朗(审校) 王传跃(审校) | 2016 | 实用药物与临床2016，19，10： | 37 |
| 15 | Glypican-3和CD34免疫组化染色在肝细胞癌与良性肝细胞性病变鉴别诊断中的价值显示文摘 | Coston W M P Loera S Lau S K 黄文斌(摘译) | 2008 | 临床与实验病理学杂志2008，24，3： | 31 |
| 16 | Measurement of circulating levels of VEGF-A,-C,and -D and their receptors,VEGFR-1 and -2 in gastric adenocarcinoma显示文摘AIM: To analyze the serum levels and prognostic significance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) -A,-C,and -D,and their receptors,VEGFR-1 and -2 in gastric adenocarcinomas. METHODS: The serum levels of VEGF family members were measured in 76 control subjects and 76 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These measurements were correlated with clinco-pathological features and survival rates. RESULTS: The serum levels of VEGF-A and its receptor,VEGFR-1,were signifi cantly higher in patients with gastric cancer than in healthy donors (t = 2.3,P = 0.02 and t = 4.2,P < 0.0001,respectively). In contrast,the serum levels of VEGF-D were signif icantly higher in control subjects than in patients (t = 2.9,P = 0.004). There was no significant difference in serum levels of VEGF-C and VEGFR-2 between patients and controls. VEGF-C was associated with advanced tumor stage and presence of metastasis. VEGFR-1 was associated with metastasis,advanced overall stage,tumor differentiation and survival. VEGFR-2 levels were associated with poor tumor differentiation. There was no significant prognostic value for any of the VEGF family members or their receptors except for VEGFR-1 where high levels were associated with a poor overall survival. CONCLUSION: Serum VEGF levels vary significantly in the same cohort of patients with variable clinico-pathological features and prognostic values. The simultaneous measurement of VEGF receptors levels in sera may overcome the limitations of a single biomarker assay. | Mansour S Al-Moundhri A Al-Shukaili M Al-Nabhani B Al-Bahrani IA Burney A Rizivi SS Ganguly | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，24： | 32 |
| 17 | 新媒体联盟地平线报告:2017图书馆版显示文摘地平线报告系列展示了5年内创新实践和技术对全球学术与研究型图书馆的影响。报告涉及6大关键趋势,6种重要挑战和6项技术发展,它们影响着图书馆战略、运营和服务,包括学习、创意调查、研究和信息管理。其中专家们认为大数据、数字学术技术、图书馆服务平台、网络身份、人工智能、物联网等技术具有促进学术和研究型图书馆发生真正改变的潜力。本报告为图书馆领导者、图书馆工作人员、政策制定者和技术人员提供参考和技术规划指南。 | S·亚当斯·贝克尔 M·卡明斯 A·戴维斯 A·弗里曼 C·霍尔·盖辛格 V·安娜塔娜额亚娟 K·兰利 N·沃尔夫森 高茜(译) 曹红岩(译) 徐路(译) 周晖(译) 谢艳秋(译) 洪长勇(译) 王丽媛(译) 鄂丽君(译) | 2017 | 开放学习研究2017，22，5： | 33 |
| 18 | Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance:An evidence-based approach显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) makes up 75%-85% of all primary liver cancers and is the fourth most common cause of cancer related death worldwide. Chronic liver disease is the most significant risk factor for HCC with 80%-90% of new cases occurring in the background of cirrhosis. Studies have shown that early diagnosis of HCC through surveillance programs improve prognosis and availability of curative therapies. All patients with cirrhosis and high-risk hepatitis B patients are at risk for HCC and should undergo surveillance. The recommended surveillance modality is abdominal ultrasound(US) given that it is cost effective and noninvasive with good sensitivity. However, US is limited in obese patients and those with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). With the current obesity epidemic and rise in the prevalence of NAFLD, abdominal computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging may be indicated as the primary screening modality in these patients. The addition of alpha-fetoprotein to a surveillance regimen is thought to improve the sensitivity of HCC detection.Further investigation of serum biomarkers is needed. Semiannual screening is the suggested surveillance interval. Surveillance for HCC is underutilized and low adherence disproportionately affects certain demographics such as nonCaucasian race and low socioeconomic status. | Patrick S Harris Ross M Hansen Meagan E Gray Omar I Massoud Brendan M McGuire Mohamed G Shoreibah | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，13： | 31 |
| 19 | 帕博利珠单抗治疗伴脑转移NSCLC患者的一项非随机、开放Ⅱ期试验的长期随访结果和生物标志物分析显示文摘背景与目的我们开展了一项帕博利珠单抗用于伴未治疗脑转移的非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)或黑色素瘤患者的疗效和安全性的II期试验,旨在评估程序性死亡受体1(programmed cell death 1,PD-1)抑制剂在中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)中的疗效。中期结果已发表,现报道对NSCLC队列的更新分析结果。方法这是一项开放性、单中心、II期试验。纳入标准:年龄≥18岁,诊断为晚期NSCLC并伴有≥1个5 mm-20 mm脑转移病灶,既往从未治疗或之前放疗后进展,无神经系统症状,不需要激素治疗且美国东部肿瘤协作组(Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group,ECOG)<2分。患者每2周接受一次帕博利珠单抗(10 mg/kg)治疗。队列1为程序性死亡配体1(programmed cell death ligand 1,PD-L1)≥1%的患者,队列2为PD-L1<1%或未评估的患者。主要终点是脑转移患者缓解比例。所有经治患者均纳入疗效与安全性终点的分析。该研究已结束入组,并于Clinicaltrials.gov登记注册,注册号为NCT02085070。结果2014年3月31日-2018年5月21日,共42例患者接受治疗。中位随访时间为8.3个月(IQR:4.5个月-26.2个月)。队列1的37例患者中11例有脑转移缓解[29.7%(95%CI:15.9%-47.0%)]。队列2未观察到缓解。治疗相关的3级-4级不良事件(adverse events,AEs)包括2例肺炎、1例全身症状、1例结肠炎、1例肾上腺皮质功能不全、1例高血糖症和1例低钾血症。6例(14%)患者发生了治疗相关的严重不良事件,包括肺炎、急性肾损伤、低钾血症和肾上腺皮质功能不全。没有观察到治疗相关死亡病例。结论帕博利珠单抗治疗PD-L1≥1%的NSCLC伴脑转移患者有效,且对所有纳入的未经治疗的脑转移患者安全。需要进一步探索免疫治疗用于NSCLC合并CNS转移。 | Sarah B GOLDBERG Kurt A SCHALPER Scott N GETTINGER Amit MAHAJAN Roy S HERBST Anne C CHANG Rogerio LILENBAUM Frederick H WILSON Sacit Bulent OMAY James B YU Lucia JILAVEANU Thuy TRAN Kira PAVLIK Elin ROWEN Heather GERRSH Annette KOMLO Richa GUPTA Hailey WYATT Matthew RIBEIRO Yuval KLUGER Geyu ZHOU Wei WEI Veronica L CHANG Harriet M KLUGER 董晓荣(翻译/校对) | 2021 | 中国肺癌杂志2021，24，9： | 34 |
| 20 | 最新AD研究用诊断标准:IWG-2标准显示文摘在过去的8年中,国际工作组织(IWG)和美国国立老化研究院-阿尔茨海默协会(NIA-AA)建立了阿尔茨海默病(AD)诊断标准,它能更好地定义AD的临床表型,整合了生物标记物于诊断流程中,并覆盖了疾病的全程。本意见书充分地权衡了IWG标准的优缺点,建议改进诊断框架。依据这些改进,AD的诊断变得简单,只要有恰当的AD临床表型(典型或不典型)和与AD的病理相一致的病理生理学生物标志物出现。我们认为疾病的下游的定位性生物标志,如容积性磁共振成像(MRI)和氟脱氧葡萄糖-正电子发射型计算机断层成像(FDG-PET)等,适合更好地测量和监测疾病过程。本文还详述了非典型性AD、混合性AD和AD临床前期的特异诊断标准。 | 陈刚 曹雯炜 俞羚 糜建华 Dubois B Feldman HH Jacova C Hampel H Molinuevo JL Blennow K DeK osky ST Gauthier S Selkoe D Bateman R Cappa S Crutch S Engelborghs S Frisoni GB Fox NC Galasko D Habert MO Jicha GA Nordberg A Pasquier F Rabinovici G Robert P Rowe C Salloway S Sarazin M Epelbaum S de Souza LC Vellas B Visser PJ Schneider L Stern Y Scheltens P Cummings JL | 2014 | 神经病学与神经康复学杂志2014，11，3： | 31 |
您所在的机构暂未开通此部分的功能，请联系管理员