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| 1 | Improving Low Bitrate Video Coding via Computation Incorporating A Priori Information显示文摘The growing number of mobile users, as well as the diversification in types of services have resulted in increasing demands for wireless network bandwidth in recent years. Although evolving transmission techniques are able to enlarge the network capacity to some degree, they still cannot satisfy the requirements of mobile users. Meanwhile, following Moore's Law, the data processing capabilities of mobile user terminals are continuously improving. In this paper, we explore possible methods of trading strong computational power at wireless terminals for transmission efficiency of communications. Taking the specific scenario of wireless video conversation, we propose a model-based video coding scheme by learning the structures in multimedia contents. Benefiting from both strong computing capability and pre-learned model priors, only low-dimensional parameters need to be transmitted; and the intact multimedia contents can also be reconstructed at the receivers in real-time. Experiment results indicate that, compared to conventional video codecs, the proposed scheme significantly reduces the data rate with the aid of computational capability at wireless terminals. | Tao Xiaoming Dong Linhao Li Shaoyang Li Yang Ge Ning Lu Jianhua | 2015 | China Communications2015，12，9： | 2 |
| 2 | SUMOylation-modified Pelota-Hbs1 RNA surveillance complex restricts the infection of potyvirids in plants显示文摘RNA quality control nonsense-mediated decay is involved in viral restriction in both plants and animals.However,it is not known whether two other RNA quality control pathways,nonstop decay and no-go decay,are capable of restricting viruses in plants.Here,we show that the evolutionarily conserved Pelota–Hbs1 complex negatively regulates infection of plant viruses in the family Potyviridae(termed potyvirids),the largest group of plant RNA viruses that accounts for more than half of the viral crop damage worldwide.Pelota enables the recognition of the functional G1-2A6-7 motif in the P3 cistron,which is conserved in almost all potyvirids.This allows Pelota to target the virus and act as a viral restriction factor.Furthermore,Pelota interacts with the SUMO E2-conjugating enzyme SCE1 and is SUMOylated in planta.Blocking Pelota SUMOylation disrupts the ability to recruit Hbs1 and inhibits viral RNA degradation.These findings reveal the functional importance of Pelota SUMOylation during the infection of potyvirids in plants. | Linhao Ge Buwei Cao Rui Qiao Hongguang Cui Shaofang Li Hongying Shan Pan Gong Mingzhen Zhang Hao Li Aiming Wang Xueping Zhou Fangfang Li | 2023 | Molecular Plant2023，16，3： | 2 |
| 3 | Pepino mosaic virus antagonizes plant m^(6)A modification by promoting the autophagic degradation of the m^(6)A writer HAKAI显示文摘Autophagy plays an active anti-viral role in plants.Increasing evidence suggests that viruses can inhibit or manipulate autophagy,thereby winning the arms race between plants and viruses.Here,we demonstrate that overexpression of an m^(6)A writer from Solanum lycopersicum,SlHAKAI,could negatively regulate pepino mosaic virus(PepMV)infection,inhibit viral RNA and protein accumulations by affecting viral m^(6)A levels in tomato plants and vice versa.The PepMV-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase(RdRP)directly interacts with SlHAKAI and reduces its protein accumulation.The RdRP-mediated decreased protein accumulation of SlHAKAI is sensitive to the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine and is compromised by knocking down a core autophagy gene.Furthermore,PepMV RdRP could interact with an essential autophagy-related protein,SlBeclin1.RdRP,SlHAKAI,and SlBeclin1 interaction complexes form bright granules in the cytoplasm.Silencing of Beclin1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants abolishes the RdRP-mediated degradation of SlHAKAI,indicating the requirement of Beclin1 in this process.This study uncovers that the PepMV RdRP exploits the autophagy pathway by interacting with SlBeclin1 to promote the autophagic degradation of the SlHAKAI protein,thereby inhibiting the m^(6)A modification-mediated plant defense responses. | Hao He Linhao Ge Zhaolei Li Xueping Zhou Fangfang Li | 2023 | aBIOTECH2023，4，2： | 1 |
| 4 | m^(6)A modification of plant virus enables host recognition by NMD factors in plants显示文摘N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)is the most abundant eukaryotic mRNA modification and is involved in various biological processes.Increasing evidence has implicated that m^(6)Amodification is an important anti-viral defense mechanism in mammals and plants,but it is largely unknown how m^(6)Aregulates viral infection in plants.Here we report the dynamic changes and functional anatomy of m^(6)Ain Nicotiana benthamiana and Solanum lycopersicum during Pepino mosaic virus(PepMV)infection.m^(6)Amodification in the PepMV RNA genome is conserved in these two species.Overexpression of the m^(6)Awriters,mRNA adenosine methylase A(MTA),and HAKAI inhibit the PepMV RNA accumulation accompanied by increased viral m^(6)Amodifications,whereas deficiency of these writers decreases the viral RNA m^(6)Alevels but enhances virus infection.Further study reveals that the cytoplasmic YTH-domain family protein NbECT2A/2B/2C as m^(6)Areaders are involved in anti-viral immunity.Protein-protein interactions indicate that NbECT2A/2B/2C interact with nonsense-mediated mRNA decay(NMD)-related proteins,including NbUPF3 and NbSMG7,but not with NbUPF1.m^(6)Amodification-mediated restriction to PepMV infection is dependent on NMD-related factors.These findings provide new insights into the functionality of m^(6)Aanti-viral activity and reveal a distinct immune response that NMD factors recognize the m^(6)Areaders-viral m^(6)ARNA complex for viral RNA degradation to limit virus infection in plants. | Hao He Linhao Ge Yalin Chen Siwen Zhao Zhaolei Li Xueping Zhou Fangfang Li | 2024 | Science China(Life Sciences)2024，67，1： | 0 |
| 5 | Plant and animal positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses encode small proteins important for viral infection in their negative-sense strand显示文摘Positive-sense single-stranded RNA(+ssRNA)viruses,the most abundant viruses of eukaryotes in nature,require the synthesis of negative-sense RNA(-RNA)using their genomic(positive-sense)RNA(+RNA)as a template for replication.Based on current evidence,viral proteins are translated via viral+RNAs,whereas-RNA is considered to be a viral replication intermediate without coding capacity.Here,we report that plant and animal+ssRNA viruses contain small open reading frames(ORFs)in their-RNA(reverse ORFs[rORFs]).Using turnip mosaic virus(TuMV)as a model for plant+ssRNA viruses,we demonstrate that small proteins encoded by rORFs display specific subcellularlocalizations,and confirm the presence of rORF2 in infected cells through mass spectrometry analysis.The protein encoded by TuMV rORF2 forms punctuate granules that are localized in the perinuclear region and co-localized with viral replication complexes.The rORF2 protein can directly interact with the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase,and mutation of rORF2 completely abolishes virus infection,whereas ectopic expression of rORF2 rescues the mutant virus.Furthermore,we show that several rORFs in the-RNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)have the ability to suppress type l interferon production and facilitate the infection of ve-sicular stomatitis virus.In addition,we provide evidence that TuMV might utilize internal ribosome entry sites to translate these small rORFs.Taken together,these findings indicate that the-RNA of+ssRNA vi-ruses can also have the coding capacity and that small proteins encoded therein play critical roles in viral infection,revealing a viral proteome larger than previously thought. | Pan Gong Qingtang Shen Mingzhen Zhang Rui Qiao Jing Jiang Lili Su Siwen Zhao Shuai Fu Yu Ma Linhao Ge Yaqin Wang Rosa Lozano-Durán Aiming Wang Fangfang Li Xueping Zhou | 2023 | Molecular Plant2023，16，11： | 0 |
| 6 | Geminiviral C2 proteins inhibit active autophagy to facilitate virus infection by impairing the interaction of ATG7 and ATG8显示文摘Autophagy is a conserved intracellular degradation process that plays an active role in plant response to virus infections.Here we report that geminiviruses counteract activated autophagymediated antiviral defense in plant cells through the C2 proteins they encode.We found that,in Nicotiana benthamiana plants,tomato leaf curl Yunnan virus(TLCYnV)infection upregulated the transcription levels of autophagy-related genes(ATGs).Overexpression of NbATG5,NbATG7,or NbATG8a in N.benthamiana plants decreased TLCYnV accumulation and attenuated viral symptoms.Interestingly,transgenic overexpression of NbATG7 promoted the growth of N.benthamiana plants and enhanced plant resistance to TLCYnV.We further revealed that the C2 protein encoded by TLCYnV directly interacted with the ubiquitinactivating domain of ATG7.This interaction competitively disrupted the ATG7–ATG8 binding in N.benthamiana and Solanum lycopersicum plants,thereby inhibiting autophagy activity.Furthermore,we uncovered that the C2-mediated autophagy inhibition mechanism was conserved in three other geminiviruses.In summary,we discovered a novel counter-defensive strategy employed by geminiviruses that enlists their C2 proteins as disrupters of ATG7–ATG8 interactions to defeat antiviral autophagy. | Buwei Cao Linhao Ge Mingzhen Zhang Fangfang Li Xueping Zhou | 2023 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2023，65，5： | 0 |
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