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| 1 | Effects of free ammonia on volatile fatty acid accumulation and process performance in the anaerobic digestion of two typical bio-wastes显示文摘The effect of free ammonia on volatile fatty acid(VFA)accumulation and process instability was studied using a lab-scale anaerobic digester fed by two typical bio-wastes:fruit and vegetable waste(FVW)and food waste(FW)at 35°C with an organic loading rate(OLR)of 3.0 kg VS/(m^3·day). The inhibitory effects of free ammonia on methanogenesis were observed due to the low C/N ratio of each substrate(15.6 and 17.2,respectively). A high concentration of free ammonia inhibited methanogenesis resulting in the accumulation of VFAs and a low methane yield. In the inhibited state,acetate accumulated more quickly than propionate and was the main type of accumulated VFA. The co-accumulation of ammonia and VFAs led to an 'inhibited steady state' and the ammonia was the main inhibitory substance that triggered the process perturbation. By statistical significance test and VFA fluctuation ratio analysis,the free ammonia inhibition threshold was identified as 45 mg/L. Moreover,propionate,iso-butyrate and valerate were determined to be the three most sensitive VFA parameters that were subject to ammonia inhibition. | Xuchuan Shi Jia Lin Jiane Zuo Peng Li Xiaoxia Li Xianglin Guo | 2017 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2017，29，5： | 24 |
| 2 | Field investigation on severely damaged aseismic buildings in 2014 Ludian earthquake显示文摘The 2014 magnitude 6.5 Ludian earthquake caused a death toll of 617, many landslides and tens of thousands of collapsed buildings. A field investigation to evaluate the damage to buildings was carried out immediately after the occurrence of the earthquake. Severely damaged aseismic buildings, which were basically observed in the downtown of Longtoushan Town, were carefully examined one by one with the aim to improve design codes. This paper summarizes the damage observed to the investigated aseismic buildings in both the structural and local levels. A common failure mode was observed that most of the aseismic buildings, such as RC frame structures and confined masonry structures, were similarly destroyed by severe damage or complete collapse of the first story. The related strong ground motion, which was recorded at the nearby station, had a short duration of less than 20 s but a very large PGA up to 1.0 g. The RC frames based on the new design codes still failed to achieve the design target for 'strong column, weak beam'. Typical local failure details, which were related to the interaction between RC columns and infill walls and between constructional columns and masonry walls, are summarized with preliminary analyses. | Lin Xuchuan Zhang Haoyu Chen Hongfu Chen Hao Lin Junqi | 2015 | Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration2015，14，1： | 12 |
| 3 | Quantitative investigation on collapse margin of steel high-rise buildings subjected to extremely severe earthquakes显示文摘Reponses of structures subjected to severe earthquakes sometimes significantly surpass what was considered in the design.It is important to investigate the failure mechanism and collapse margin of structures beyond design,especially for high-rise buildings.In this study,steel high-rise buildings using either square concrete-filled-tube(CFT) columns or steel tube columns are designed.A detailed three-dimensional(3 D) structural model is developed to analyze the seismic behavior of a steel high-rise towards a complete collapse.The effectiveness is verified by both component tests and a full-scale shaking table test.The collapse margin,which is defined as the ratio of PGA between the collapse level to the design major earthquake level(Level 2),is quantified by a series of numerical simulations using incremental dynamic analyses(IDA).The baseline building using CFT columns collapsed with a weak first story mechanism and presented a collapse margin ranging from 10 to 20.The significant variation in the collapse margin was caused by the different characteristics of the input ground motions.The building using equivalent steel columns collapsed earlier due to the significant shortening of the locally buckled columns,exhibiting only 57% of the collapse margin of the baseline building.The influence of reducing the height of the first story was quite significant.The shortened first story not only enlarged the collapse margin by 20%,but also changed the collapse mode. | Lin Xuchuan Mikiko Kato Zhang Lingxin Masayoshi Nakashima | 2018 | Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration2018，17，3： | 9 |
| 4 | Seismic Damage to Owner-Built RC Frames in Charikot during the 2015 Nepal Earthquake Sequence显示文摘The damage to the masonry-infilled reinforced concrete( RC) frame buildings in Charikot,the capital city of Dolakha district in Nepal,during the 2015 April-to-May Nepal earthquake sequence is reported. Most of these buildings were built by the owners with little governmental inspections regarding their structural design or constructional quality. Although they generally performed better than other structural systems such as stone-masonry houses,the RC frames sustained extensive damage ranging from cracking of infill to complete collapse. In particular,eight of the 72 inspected RC frames alongside an uphill street collapsed in different ways. In addition to the un-engineered nature of these RC frames,their collapse could also be attributed to multiple technical reasons including the effect of terrain, the pounding between adjacent buildings and the accumulative damage in the earthquake sequence. | Qu Zhe Wang Tao Lin Xuchuan Zhang Haoyu Yang Yongqiang | 2018 | Earthquake Research in China2018，32，4： | 0 |
| 5 | Preliminary investigation of building damage in Hatay under February 6,2023 Turkey earthquakes显示文摘On February 6,2023,an M_(w)7.8 earthquake hit the south of Kahramanmaras prefecture,Turkey,followed by another M_(w)7.5 earthquake after nine hours in the middle region of the Kahramanmaras prefecture.More than 84,000 buildings collapsed or were severely damaged,and more than 50,000 lives were lost in Turkey and Syria.Some of the authors,as members of Chinese rescue team,entered Antakya,Hatay prefecture,and investigated the damaged buildings.This paper first summarizes the damage patterns of buildings and provides three reasons for the massive number of collapsed buildings;i.e.,the lack of seismic measures for better ductility,site effects such as liquefaction and surface rupture,and pronounced low-frequency components of the ground motions.Next,the seismic responses of two typical buildings are calculated based on the geometric data estimated by visual inspection.The results imply that the resonance of the whole structure and the poorer ductility of key members resulted in the collapse of buildings.Finally,some conclusions are drawn.Note that although a large number of buildings were seriously damaged to collapse,the majority of buildings in the areas of extreme shaking were lightly or moderately damaged,which implies that well designed and constructed buildings were able to survive and protect human lives even in over-design earthquakes. | Wang Tao Chen Jie Zhou Yujiang Wang Xiaoqing Lin Xuchuan Wang Xiaoting Shang Qingxue | 2023 | Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration2023，22，4： | 0 |
| 6 | Optimal design of inerter systems for the force-transmission suppression of oscillating structures显示文摘When dealing with the oscillations of fixed-base structures or machines induced by external forces,suppressing the vibrational impact on the adjacent structures and the environment helps to maintain the structural durability and ensure the users′comfort level.This study proposed an inerter-based optimal solution to suppress the vibrational forces and energy transmitted to the supporting ground by utilizing the great potential of the inerter.For the external force,which contains various frequency bands,the stochastic response and an energy balance analysis are conducted to evaluate the force transmissibility,structural displacement,and vibration power flow.Given the benefits of the inerter,a transmitted-force-based optimal design framework is proposed for inerter systems,of which the effectiveness is validated by numerical examples.The obtained results show that inerter systems are capable of providing significant reductions in the structural displacement and the force transmitted to the supporting ground.Particularly,the closed-form power equation indicated that a grounded inerter can suppress the force transmission and vibrational energy,thus leading to a less negative impact on the ground and environment.Revealing the working mechanism and optimal design strategy of the inerter can help solve the force-transmission control problem experienced by some practical structures. | Zhang Ruifu Zhao Zhipeng Lin Xuchuan Zhang Lingxin | 2022 | Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration2022，21，2： | 0 |
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