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| 1 | The HY-2 satellite and its preliminary assessment显示文摘The HY-2 satellite was successfully launched on 16 August 2011.It carried four microwave instruments into space for operationally observing dynamic ocean environment parameters on a global scale.The HY-2 satellite altimeter provides sea surface height(SSH),significant wave height(SWH),sea surface wind(SSW)speed,and polar ice sheet elevation,while the HY-2 satellite scatterometer provides SSW fields.At the same time,other oceanic and atmospheric parameters such as sea surface temperature(SST)and wind speed,water vapor and liquid water content can also be obtained by its onboard scanning microwave radiometer.In this paper,we show the data processing methods of the HY-2 satellite’s payloads.The preliminary results show that wind vector,SSH,SWH,and SST conform to the designed technical specifications. | Xingwei Jiang Mingsen Lin Jianqiang Liu Youguang Zhang Xuetong Xie Hailong Peng Wu Zhou | 2012 | International Journal of Digital Earth2012，5，3： | 10 |
| 2 | First six months quality assessment of HY-2A SCAT wind products using in situ measurements显示文摘The first Chinese microwave ocean environment satellite HY-2A,carrying a Ku-band scatteromenter(SCAT),was successfully launched in August 2011.The first quality assessment of HY-2A SCAT wind products is presented through the comparison of the first 6 months operationally released SCAT products with in situ data.The in situ winds from the National Data Buoy Center(NDBC)buoys,R/V Polarstern,Aurora Australis,Roger Revelle and PY30-1 oil platform,were converted to the 10 m equivalent neutral winds.The temporal and spatial differences between the HY-2A SCAT and the in situ observations were limited to less than 5min and 12.5 km.For HY-2A SCAT wind speed products,the comparison and analysis using the NDBC buoys yield a bias of–0.49 m/s,a root mean square error(RMSE)of 1.3 m/s and an increase negative bias with increasing wind speed observation above 3 m/s.Although less accurate of HY-2A SCAT wind direction at low winds,the RMSE of 19.19 with a bias of 0.92 is found for wind speeds higher than 3 m/s.These results are found consistent with those from R/Vs and oil platform comparisons.Moreover,the NDBC buoy comparison results also suggest that the accuracy of HY-2A SCAT winds is consistent over the first half year of 2012.The encouraging assessment results over the first 6 months show that wind products from HY-2A SCAT will be useful for scientific community. | WANG He ZHU Jianhua LIN Mingsen HUANG Xiaoqi ZHAO Yili CHEN Chuntao ZHANG Youguang PENG Hailong | 2013 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2013，32，11： | 10 |
| 3 | Validation of Chinese HY-2 satellite radar altimeter significant wave height显示文摘Chinese Haiyang-2(HY-2) satellite is the first Chinese marine dynamic environment satellite. The dual-frequency(Ku and C band) radar altimeter onboard HY-2 has been working effective to provide operational significant wave height(SWH) for more than three years(October 1, 2011 to present).We validated along-track Ku-band SWH data of HY-2 satellite against National Data Buoy Center(NDBC) in-situ measurements over a time period of three years from October 1, 2011 to September 30, 2014, the root mean square error(RMSE) and mean bias of HY-2SWH is 0.38 m and(–0.13±0.35) m, respectively. We also did cross validation against Jason-2 altimeter SWH data,the RMSE and the mean bias is 0.36 m and(–0.22±0.28) m, respectively. In order to compare the statistical results between HY-2 and Jason-2 satellite SWH data, we validated the Jason-2 satellite radar altimeter along-track Ku-band SWH data against NDBC measurements using the same method. The results demonstrate the validation method in this study is scientific and the RMSE and mean bias of Jason-2 SWH data is 0.26 m and(0.00±0.26) m,respectively. We also validated both HY-2 and Jason-2 SWH data every month, the mean bias of Jason-2 SWH data almost equaled to zero all the time, while the mean bias of HY-2 SWH data was no less than –0.31 m before April2013 and dropped to zero after that time. These results indicate that the statistical results for HY-2 altimeter SWH are reliable and HY-2 altimeter along-track SWH data were steady and of high quality in the last three years. The results also indicate that HY-2 SWH data have greatly been improved and have the same accuracy with Jason-2SWH data after April, 2013. SWH data provided by HY-2 satellite radar altimeter are useful and acceptable for ocean operational applications. | YE Xiaomin LIN Mingsen XU Ying | 2015 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2015，34，5： | 10 |
| 4 | The first quantitative joint observation of typhoon by Chinese GF-3 SAR and HY-2A microwave scatterometer显示文摘The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) | LIN Mingsen YE Xiaomin YUAN Xinzhe | 2017 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2017，36，11： | 7 |
| 5 | The validation of the significant wave height product of HY-2altimeter–primary results显示文摘The HY-2 satellite was successfully launched on 16 August 2011.The HY-2 significant wave height(SWH)is validated by the data from the South China Sea(SCS)field experiment,National Data Buoy Center(NDBC)buoys and Jason-1/2 altimeters,and is corrected using a linear regression with in-situ measurements.Compared with NDBC SWH,the HY-2 SWH show a RMS of 0.36 m,which is similar to Jason-1 and Jason-2 SWH with the RMS of 0.35 m and 0.37 m respectively;the RMS of corrected HY-2 SWH is 0.27 m,similar to 0.27 m and 0.23 m of corrected Jason-1 and Jason-2 SWH.Therefore the accuracy of HY-2 SWH products is close to that of Jason-1/2 SWH,and the linear regression function derived can improve the accuracy of HY-2 SWH products. | CHEN Chuntao ZHU Jianhua LIN Mingsen ZHAO Yili HUANG Xiaoqi WANG He ZHANG Youguang PENG Hailong | 2013 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2013，32，11： | 7 |
| 6 | Neural network wind retrieval from ERS-1/2 scatterometer data显示文摘A neural network methodology is presented to retrieve wind vectors from ERS-1/2 scatterometer data. The wind directional ambiguities are eliminated by a circular median filter algorithm. All data come from ERS-1/2 scatterometer data collocated pairs with CMCD4 vector. Comparing the results with CMCD4 and ECMWF wind vector,they agree well, which indicates that it is possible to extract wind vector from the ERS1/2 scatterometer with the neural network method. | LIN Mingsen SONG Xingai JIANG Xingwei | 2006 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2006，25，3： | 7 |
| 7 | Improving the wind and wave estimation of dual-frequency altimeter JASON1 in Typhoon Shanshan and considering the rain effects显示文摘Altimetry data have been widely used in various fields of oceanography,including the extreme weather events such as tropical cyclones,typhoons,and hurricanes. The performance of JASON1 in Typhoon Shanshan is assessed by examining the sensor geophysical data record and illustrates how the measured return waveform,significant wave height,and backscatter are all affected by various factors associated with the typhoon,with details by the rain are illustrated. The correction method to maintain accurate wave height and wind speed measurements in Typhoon Shanshan and the results are presented. Furthermore,the additional results of rain rate and typhoon eye diameter can be retrieved. Because of the lack of in-situ measurements of wind,wave,and rain rate at Typhoon Shanshan,results are compared with the forecasted typhoon data and a good agreement is found. | YANG Le LIN Mingsen ZOU Juhong LI Zhenghua PAN Delu | 2008 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2008，27，5： | 6 |
| 8 | Astudyofanewretrievalalgorithmformeasurementofoceanicwindvectorsfieldusingsatellitemicrowavescatterometer显示文摘AstudyofanewretrievalalgorithmformeasurementofoceanicwindvectorsfieldusingsatellitemicrowavescatterometerLinMingsen,SunYing,Z... | Lin Mingsen Sun Ying Zheng Shuqing(Received February 10, 1997 accepted June 9, 1997) | 1998 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica1998，17，3： | 6 |
| 9 | The HY-1 satellite and ground system in China显示文摘INTRODUCTION
With the coming of the 21st century, we are faced the problems of the environment, resources and population. The ocean is regarded as supplier of resources such as food, minerals, energy and space, and plays an important role in sustainable economic development. At the same time the ocean has a very important effect on the worldwide environmental changes. | Liu Jianqiang , Jiang Xingwei, Lin Mingsen National Satellite Ocean Application Service of State Oceanic Administration, Beijing 100081, China, | 2003 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2003，22，2： | 6 |
| 10 | Assessment of the initial sea surface temperature product of the scanning microwave radiometer aboard on HY-2 satellite显示文摘HY-2 satellite is the first satellite for dynamic environmental parameters measurement of China,which was launched on 16th August 2011.A scanning microwave radiometer(RM)is carried for sea surface temperature(SST),sea surface wind speed,columnar water vapor and columnar cloud liquid water detection.In this paper,the initial SST product of RM was validated with in-situ data of National Data of Buoy Center(NDBC)mooring and Argo buoy.The validation results indicate the accuracy of RM SST is better than 1.7 C.The comparison of RM SST and WindSat SST shows the former is warmer than the latter at high sea surface wind speed and the difference between these SSTs is depend on the sea surface wind speed.Then,the relationship between the errors of RM SST and sea surface wind speed was analyzed using NDBC mooring measurements.Based on the results of assessment and errors analysis,the suggestions of taking account of the affection of sea surface wind speed and using sea surface wind speed and direction derived from the microwave scatteromter aboard on HY-2 for SST product calibration were given for retrieval algorithm improvement. | ZHAO Yili ZHU Jianhua LIN Mingsen CHEN Chuntao HUANG Xiaoqi WANG He ZHANG Youguang PENG Hailong | 2014 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2014，33，1： | 5 |
| 11 | A preliminary assessment of the sea surface wind speed production of HY-2 scanning microwave radiometer显示文摘A scanning microwave radiometer(RM)was launched on August 16,2011,on board HY-2 satellite.The six-month long global sea surface wind speeds observed by the HY-2 scanning microwave radiometer are preliminarily validated using in-situ measurements and WindSat observations,respectively,from January to June 2012.The wind speed root-mean-square(RMS)difference of the comparisons with in-situ data is1.89 m/s for the measurements of NDBC and 1.72 m/s for the recent four-month data measured by PY30-1oil platform,respectively.On a global scale,the wind speeds of HY-2 RM are compared with the sea surface wind speeds derived from WindSat,the RMS difference of 1.85 m/s for HY-2 RM collocated observations data set is calculated in the same period as above.With analyzing the global map of a mean difference between HY-2 RM and WindSat,it appears that the bias of the sea surface wind speed is obviously higher in the inshore regions.In the open sea,there is a relatively higher positive bias in the mid-latitude regions due to the overestimation of wind speed observations,while the wind speeds are underestimated in the Southern Ocean by HY-2 RM relative to WindSat observations. | HUANG Xiaoqi ZHU Jianhua LIN Mingsen ZHAO Yili WANG He CHEN Chuntao PENG Hailong ZHANG Youguang | 2014 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2014，33，1： | 4 |
| 12 | Coastal wind field retrieval from polarimetric synthetic aperture radar显示文摘Coastal winds are strongly influenced by topology and discontinuity between land and sea surfaces. Wind assessment from remote sensing in such a complex area remains a challenge. Space-borne scatterometer does not provide any information about the coastal wind field, as the coarse spatial resolution hampers the radar backscattering. Synthetic aperture radar(SAR) with a high spatial resolution and all-weather observation abilities has become one of the most important tools for ocean wind retrieval, especially in the coastal area. Conventional methods of wind field retrieval from SAR, however, require wind direction as initial information, such as the wind direction from numerical weather prediction models(NWP), which may not match the time of SAR image acquiring. Fortunately, the polarimetric observations of SAR enable independent wind retrieval from SAR images alone. In order to accurately measure coastal wind fields, this paper proposes a new method of using co-polarization backscattering coefficients from polarimetric SAR observations up to polarimetric correlation backscattering coefficients, which are acquired from the conjugate product of co-polarization backscatter and cross-polarization backscatter. Co-polarization backscattering coefficients and polarimetric correlation backscattering coefficients are obtained form Radarsat-2 single-look complex(SLC) data.The maximum likelihood estimation is used to gain the initial results followed by the coarse spatial filtering and fine spatial filtering. Wind direction accuracy of the final inversion results is 10.67 with a wind speed accuracy of 0.32 m/s. Unlike previous methods, the methods described in this article utilize the SAR data itself to obtain the wind vectors and do not need external wind directional information. High spatial resolution and high accuracy are the most important features of the method described herein since the use of full polarimetric observations contains more information about the space measured.This article is a useful addition to the work of independent SAR wind retrieval. The experimental results herein show that it is feasible to employ the co-polarimetric backscattering coefficients and the polarimetric correlation backscattering coefficients for coastal wind field retrieval. | ZHANG Yi JIANG Xingwei SONG Qingtao LIN Mingsen XIE Xuetong | 2014 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2014，33，5： | 3 |
| 13 | Satellite SAR observation of the sea surface wind field caused by rain cells显示文摘Rain cells or convective rain,the dominant form of rain in the tropics and subtropics,can be easy detected by satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) images with high horizontal resolution.The footprints of rain cells on SAR images are caused by the scattering and attenuation of the rain drops,as well as the downward airflow.In this study,we extract sea surface wind field and its structure caused by rain cells by using a RADARSAT-2 SAR image with a spatial resolution of 100 m for case study.We extract the sea surface wind speeds from SAR image by using CMOD4 geophysical model function with outside wind directions of NCEP final operational global analysis data,Advance Scatterometer(ASCAT) onboard European Met Op-A satellite and microwave scatterometer onboard Chinese HY-2 satellite,respectively.The root-mean-square errors(RMSE) of these SAR wind speeds,validated against NCEP,ASCAT and HY-2,are 1.48 m/s,1.64 m/s and 2.14 m/s,respectively.Circular signature patterns with brighter on one side and darker on the opposite side on SAR image are interpreted as the sea surface wind speed(or sea surface roughness) variety caused by downdraft associated with rain cells.The wind speeds taken from the transect profile which superposes to the wind ambient vectors and goes through the center of the circular footprint of rain cell can be fitted as a cosine or sine curve in high linear correlation with the values of no less than 0.80.The background wind speed,the wind speed caused by rain cell and the diameter of footprint of the rain cell with kilometers or tens of kilometers can be acquired by fitting curve.Eight cases interpreted and analyzed in this study all show the same conclusion. | YE Xiaomin LIN Mingsen YUAN Xinzhe DING Jing XIE Xuetong ZHANG Yi XU Ying | 2016 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2016，35，9： | 3 |
| 14 | An improved method of absolute calibration to satellite altimeter: A case study in the Yellow Sea, China显示文摘An improved absolute calibration technology based on indirect measurements was developed through two probative experiments, the performance of which was evaluated by applying the approach to in situ sea surface height(SSH) at the Tianheng Island(tidal gauge) and the satellite nadir(GPS buoy). Using Geoid/MSS(mean sea surface) data, which accounted for a constant offset between nadir and onshore tidal gauge water levels, and TMD(tidal model driver), which canceled out the time-varying offsets, nadir SSH(sea surface height) could be indirectly acquired at an onshore tidal gauge instead of from direct offshore observation. The approach extrapolated the onshore SSH out to the offshore nadir with an accuracy of(1.88±0.20) cm and a standard deviation of 3.3 cm, which suggested that the approach presented was feasible in absolute altimeter calibration/validation(Cal/Val), and the approach enormously facilitated the obtaining SSH from the offshore nadir. | LIU Yalong TANG Junwu ZHU Jianhua LIN Mingsen ZHAI Wanlin CHEN Chuntao | 2014 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2014，33，5： | 3 |
| 15 | Preliminary calibration results of the HY-2B altimeter’s SSH at China’s Wanshan calibration site显示文摘Satellite altimeter needs to be calibrated to evaluate the accuracy of sea surface height data.The dedicated altimeter calibration field needs to establish a special calibration strategy and needs to evaluate its calibration ability.This paper describes absolute calibration of HY-2 B altimeter SSH using the GPS calibration method at the newly Wanshan calibration site,located in the Wanshan Islands,China.There are two HY-2 B altimeter passes across the Wanshan calibration site.Pass No.362 is descending and the ground track passes the east of Dan’gan Island.Pass No.375 is ascending and crosses the Zhiwan Island.The GPS data processing strategy of Wanshan calibration site was established and the accuracy of GPS calibration method of Wanshan calibration site was evaluated.Meanwhile,the processing strategies of the HY-2 B altimeter for the Wanshan calibration site were established,and a dedicated geoid model data were used to benefit the calibration accuracy.The time-averaged HY-2 B altimeter bias was approximately 2.12 cm with a standard deviation of 2.08 cm.The performance of the HY-2 B correction microwave radiometer was also evaluated in terms of the wet troposphere path delay and showed a mean difference-0.2 cm with a 1.4 cm standard deviation with respect to the in situ GPS radiosonde. | Chuntao Chen Jianhua Zhu Chaofei Ma Mingsen Lin Longhao Yan Xiaoqi Huang Wanlin Zhai Bo Mu Yongjun Jia | 2021 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2021，40，5： | 2 |
| 16 | Ocean Observation from Haiyang Satellites: 2012–2014显示文摘During 2012 and 2014, China has two Haiyang(which means ocean in Chinese, referred to as HY) satellites operating normally in space which are HY-1B and HY-2A. HY-1B is an ocean color environment satellite which was launched in April 2007 to observe global ocean color and sea surface temperature, and HY-2A is an ocean dynamic environment satellite which was launched in August 2011 to obtain global marine dynamic environment parameters including sea surface height,significant wave height, ocean wind vectors, etc. Ocean observation data provided by HY-1B and HY-2A have been widely used by both domestic and international users in extensive areas such as ocean environment protection, ocean disaster prevention and reduction, marine environment forecast,ocean resource development and management, ocean investigations and scientific researches, etc. | JIANG Xingwei LIN Mingsen | 2014 | 空间科学学报2014，34，5： | 2 |
| 17 | The numerical simulation of the Kuroshio frontal eddies in the East China Sea using a hybrid coordinate ocean mode显示文摘A hybrid coordinate ocean model (HYCOM) is used to simulate the Kuroshio frontal eddies in the East China Sea (ECS). The research area is located (20°-32°N, 120°-132°E). Using the simulating data, it is figured out that the Kuroshio frontal eddies occur in summer as well as in the other season in this area. The life cycle of the Kuroshio and its frontal eddies is different with the position. The life-cycle of the Kuroshio frontal eddies of the northwest Diaoyu Islands is about 14 d; and the life cycle of the Kuroshio frontal eddies of southwest Yakushima about 20 d. This result extends the in situ researching results greatly. In addition, the vertical impact depth of the Kuroshio frontal eddies is also changing with the position. On the whole, in the ECS, the maximum impact depth of the Kuroshio frontal eddies of the northwest Taiwan Islands is about 75 m; the maximum impact depth of the Kuroshio frontal eddies of the northwest Diaoyu Islands is more than 125 m, but no more than 200 m; and the maximum impact depth of the Kuroshio frontal eddies of southwest Yakushima is up to 100 m. | JIA Yongjun ZHANG Youguang LIN Mingsen | 2013 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2013，32，5： | 2 |
| 18 | Calibration of HY-2A satellite significant wave heights with in situ observation显示文摘Significant wave height(SWH) can be computed from the returning waveform of radar altimeter, this parameter is only raw estimates if it does not calibrate. But accurate calibration is important for all applications, especially for climate studies. HY-2a altimeter has been operational since April 2012 and its products are available to the scientific community. In this work, SWH data from HY-2A altimeters are calibrated against in situ buoy data from the National Data Buoy Center(NDBC), Distinguished from previous calibration studies which generally regarded buoy data as 'truth', the work of calibration for HY-2A altimeter wave data against in situ buoys was applied a more sophisticated statistical technique—the total least squares(TLS) method which can take into account errors in both variables. We present calibration results for HY-2A radar altimeter measurement of wave height against NDBC buoys. In addition, cross-calibration for HY-2A and Jason-2 wave data are talked over and the result is given. | PENG Hailong LIN Mingsen | 2016 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2016，35，3： | 2 |
| 19 | A study of long-term sea level variability in the East China Sea显示文摘From the analyses of the satellite altimeter Maps of Sea Level Anomaly(MSLA) data, tidal gauge sea level data and historical sea level data, this paper investigates the long-term sea level variability in the East China Sea(ECS).Based on the correlation analysis, we calculate the correlation coefficient between tidal gauge and the closest MSLA grid point, then generate the map of correlation coefficient of the entire ECS. The results show that the satellite altimeter MSLA data is effective to observe coastal sea level variability. An important finding is that from map of correlation coefficient we can identify the Kuroshio. The existence of Kuroshio decreases the correlation between coastal and the Pacific sea level. Kurishio likes a barrier or a wall, which blocks the effect of the Pacific and the global change. Moreover, coastal sea level in the ECS is mainly associated with local systems rather than global change. In order to calculate the long-term sea level variability trend, the empirical mode decomposition(EMD) method is applied to derive the trend on each MSLA grid point in the entire ECS. According to the 2-D distribution of the trend and rising rate, the sea level on the right side of the axis of Kuroshio rise faster than in its left side. This result supports the barrier effect of Kuroshio in the ECS. For the entire ECS, the average sea level rose 45.0 mm between 1993 and 2010, with a rising rate of(2.5±0.4) mm/a which is slower than global average.The relatively slower sea level rising rate further proves that sea level rise in the ECS has less response to global change due to its own local system effect. | XU Ying LIN Mingsen ZHENG Quanan YE Xiaomin LI Junyi ZHU Benlu | 2015 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2015，34，11： | 1 |
| 20 | An ocean current inversion accuracy analysis based on a Doppler spectrum model显示文摘Microwave remote sensing is one of the most useful methods for observing the ocean parameters. The Doppler frequency or interferometric phase of the radar echoes can be used for an ocean surface current speed retrieval,which is widely used in spaceborne and airborne radars. While the effect of the ocean currents and waves is interactional. It is impossible to retrieve the ocean surface current speed from Doppler frequency shift directly. In order to study the relationship between the ocean surface current speed and the Doppler frequency shift, a numerical ocean surface Doppler spectrum model is established and validated with a reference. The input parameters of ocean Doppler spectrum include an ocean wave elevation model, a directional distribution function, and wind speed and direction. The suitable ocean wave elevation spectrum and the directional distribution function are selected by comparing the ocean Doppler spectrum in C band with an empirical geophysical model function(CDOP). What is more, the error sensitivities of ocean surface current speed to the wind speed and direction are analyzed. All these simulations are in Ku band. The simulation results show that the ocean surface current speed error is sensitive to the wind speed and direction errors. With VV polarization, the ocean surface current speed error is about 0.15 m/s when the wind speed error is 2 m/s, and the ocean surface current speed error is smaller than 0.3 m/s when the wind direction error is within 20° in the cross wind direction. | BAO Qingliu ZHANG Youguang LIN Mingsen GONG Peng | 2017 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2017，36，9： | 1 |
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