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| 1 | 颅内出血患者抗栓药逆转指南美国神经重症监护学会和美国重症医学会对医疗卫生专业人员的声明显示文摘背景抗栓药的使用,包括抗凝药、抗血小板药和溶栓药,在过去10年中日益增多并且预计将继续上升。虽然抗栓药相关性颅内出血可能是灾难性的,但快速逆转凝血功能障碍可能有助于限制血肿增大和改善转归。方法美国神经重症监护学会联合美国重症医学会组建了一个国际性多机构委员会,涉及的专业领域包括神经重症监护、神经内科、神经外科、卒中、血液学、血液病理学、急诊医学、药学、护理和指南制定,目的是进行文献评价并制定一份循证实践指南。该委员会进行了正式的文献检索,并对符合标准的研究进行了评价。结果利用GRADE方法学,委员会提出了在颅内出血情况下逆转维生素K拮抗药、直接Xa因子拮抗药、直接凝血酶抑制药、普通肝素、低分子肝素、类肝素、戊多糖、溶栓药和抗血小板药的推荐意见。结论该指南提供了及时和循证的抗栓药逆转策略以协助临床医生治疗抗栓药相关性颅内出血。 | Jennifer A. Frontera John J. Lewin Ⅲ Alejandro A. Rabinstein Imo P. Aisiku Anne W. Alexandrov Aaron M. Cook Gregory J. del Zoppo Monisha A. Kumar Ellinor I. B. Peerschke Michael F. Stiefel Jeanne S Teitelbaum Katja E. Wartenberg Cindy L. Zerfoss 杨一萍 谢丽丽 宁小金 季宇腾 柯开富 | 2016 | 国际脑血管病杂志2016,24,11: | 24 |
| 2 | 用于石刻艺术保护的化学合成物的现状显示文摘 | Lewin S Z 王金华 | 2001 | 文物保护与考古科学2001,13,2: | 14 |
| 3 | Carbon Turnover in a Crop Rotation Under Free Air CO_2 Enrichment (FACE)显示文摘. Mostly based on assumptions derived from controlled-environment studies, predicted future atmospheric CO2 concen- trations [CO2] are expected to have considerable impacts on carbon (C) turnover in agro-ecosystems. In order to allow the in situ examination of C-transformations in the plant-soil system of arable crop rotations under future [CO2], a free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment (550 μmol mol-1 CO2) was started at Braunschweig, Germany in 1999. The crop rotation under investigation comprised winter barley, a cover crop (ryegrass), sugar beets and winter wheat. Assessments of CO2 effects included the determination of above- and belowground biomass production, measurements of canopy CO2- and H2O- fluxes, soil microbial biomass and in situ soil respiration. The results obtained during the 1st crop rotation cycle (3 years) showed that for the selected crops elevated [CO2] entailed significant positive effects (P < 0.05) on aboveground (6%-14% stimulation) and belowground biomass production (up to 90% stimulation), while canopy evapotranspiration was reduced. This resulted in increased soil water content. Also, depending on crop type and season, high CO2 stimulated in situ soil respiration (up to 30%), while soil microbial biomass did not show significant responses to elevated [CO2] during the first rotation cycle. | H. J. WEIGEL A. PACHOLSKI S. BURKART M. HELAL O. HEINEMEYER B. KLEIKAMP R. MANDERSCHEID C. FRüHAUF G. F. HENDREY K. LEWIN J. NAGY | 2005 | Pedosphere2005,15,6: | 12 |
| 4 | Human immunodeficiency virus infection and the liver显示文摘Liver disease in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected individuals encompasses the spectrum from abnormal liver function tests,liver decompensation,with and without evidence of cirrhosis on biopsy,to non-alcoholic liver disease and its more severe form,non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular cancer.HIV can infect multiple cells in the liver,leading to enhanced intrahepatic apoptosis,activation and fibrosis.HIV can also alter gastro-intestinal tract permeability,leading to increased levels of circulating lipopolysaccharide that may have an impact on liver function.This review focuses on recent changes in the epidemiology,pathogenesis and clinical presentation of liver disease in HIV-infected patients,in the absence of co-infection with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus,with a specific focus on issues relevant to low and middle income countries. | Megan Crane David Iser Sharon R Lewin | 2012 | World Journal of Hepatology2012,4,3: | 5 |
| 5 | Residual renal function in peritoneal dialysis with failed allograft and minimum immunosuppression显示文摘Immunosuppression(IS) is often withdrawn in patients with end stage renal disease secondary to a failed renal allograft, and this can lead to an accelerated loss of residual renal function(RRF). As maintenance of RRF appears to provide a survival benefit to peritoneal dialysis(PD) patients, it is not clear whether this benefit of maintaining RRF in failed allograft patients returning to PD outweigh the risks of maintaining IS. A 49 year-old Caucasian male developed progressive allograft failure nine years after living-donor renal transplantation. Hemodialysis was initiated via tunneled dialysis catheter(TDC) and IS was gradually withdrawn. Two weeksafter IS withdrawal he developed a febrile illness, which necessitate removal of the TDC and conversion to PD. He was maintained on small dose of tacrolimus(1 mg/d) and prednisone(5 mg/d). Currently(1 year later) he is doing exceedingly well on cycler-assisted PD. Residual urine output ranges between 600-1200 m L/d. Total weekly Kt/V achieved 1.82. RRF remained well preserved in this patient with failed renal allograft with minimal immunosuppressive therapy. This strategy will need further study in well-defined cohorts of PD patients with failed allografts and residual RRF to determine efficacy and safety. | Nadear Elmahi éva Csongrádi Kenneth Kokko Jack R Lewin Jamie Davison Tibor Fülp | 2013 | World Journal of Transplantation2013,3,2: | 5 |
| 6 | 知证卫生决策工具之一--什么是知证决策显示文摘本文讨论以下3个问题:①什么是证据?②研究证据在知证卫生决策中有何作用?③什么是知证决策?知证卫生决策是一种决策方法,旨在保证基于最佳可及的研究证据做出决策。知证决策的特点是将系统、透明地获取和评价证据的方法引入决策全过程。虽不要求制定政策的整个过程系统和透明,但在制定政策的全过程,采用系统的步骤可以确保合理地查找、评价和使用相关研究。过程透明化旨在确保他人可以检查什么样的研究证据被用于支持决策并评价证据及其意义。知证决策帮助政策制定者了解这些过程。 | Andrew D Oxman John N Lavis Simon Lewin Atle Fretheim 李媛媛 蒋兰慧 王莉 李幼平 | 2010 | 中国循证医学杂志2010,10,3: | 4 |
| 7 | Reproducibility of the diagnosis of dysplasia in Barrett esophagus: A reaffirmation显示文摘 | Elizabeth Montgomery Mary P Bronner John R Goldblum Joel K Greenson Marian M Haber John Hart Laura W Lamps Gregory Y Lauwers Audrey J Lazenby David N Lewin Marie E Robert Alicia Y Toledano Yu Shyr Kay Washington | 2001 | Human Pathology2001,,4: | 3 |
| 8 | Assessment of MRI and MRCP in diagnosis of biliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma显示文摘 | Ma?té Lewin Najat Mourra Isabelle Honigman Jean-Fran?ois Fléjou Rolland Parc Lionel Arrivé Jean-Michel Tubiana | 2006 | European Radiology2006,,2: | 2 |
| 9 | Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of an Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Lymphoepithelioma-Like Gastric Carcinoma显示文摘 | Shou-jiang Tang Naveed Ahmed Feriyl Bhaijee John Sheehan Charu Subramony Courtney Jackson Jack R. Lewin | 2012 | Digestive Diseases and Sciences2012,,11: | 2 |
| 10 | 知证卫生决策工具--导论显示文摘了解如何查找和使用研究证据可以帮助政策制定者及其决策支持者们更优质高效地工作。本系列的每篇文章各推荐一种方法,政策制定者及其决策支持者们可采用这些方法查找和使用证据进行知证卫生决策。本系列文章涉及四个宽泛领域:①支持知证决策;②确定政策制定三个阶段的证据需求,这三个阶段包括:明确问题、拟订方案和制订实施计划;③寻找并评价这三阶段所需证据,包括系统评价和其它类型证据;④根据研究证据进行决策。每篇文章都由1~3个与主题相关的案例情景引出,用于帮助读者在使用SUPPORT工具时判断自己所属的情况。本系列绝大部分文章都以结构化提出系列问题的方式,引导读者了解推荐工具,并展示如何采取措施更优质高效地支持知证决策。这些措施包括:利用研究证据明确问题;评价针对该问题所选系统评价中结果的适用性;组织和开展政策对话以支持知证决策;制定政策监测和评估计划。部分文章所提出的问题对如何支持知证决策提供了更通用的指导,每篇文章后面还附有其他相关信息资源。评估支持知证卫生决策方法是一个正在发展的领域,欢迎读者对怎样改进本系列文章提供反馈信息。 | John N Lavis Andrew D Oxman Simon Lewin Atle Fretheim 沈建通 蒋兰慧 王莉 李幼平 | 2010 | 中国循证医学杂志2010,10,3: | 2 |
| 11 | 知证卫生决策工具之三--设定优先顺序支持知证决策显示文摘决策者开展或支持知证决策与项目的资源有限。所需资源包括员工的工作时间、员工开展工作的基础设施(如电子图书馆的使用权限或购买期刊文章)和不断更新专业知识。决策者们也许更愿意将这样的工作承包给具备恰当技能和设施的独立机构,但决策者的资金有限。不管为知证决策提供的支持来自外部还是内部,是集中还是分散,资源都需要合理最大化利用。不恰当设定优先次序的例子包括:①采取逐个评价个案的方式支持知证决策制定时间进度表,而不是为每一个时间进度表提供明确规范的支持力度;②优先次序设定的标准含糊不清;尤其设定优先次序的过程不清楚或不系统不准确;③无交流和监测评价计划。本文提出用于指导在查找和使用研究证据支持知证决策的过程中如何设定优先次序的问题,包括:①设定优先次序的方法可否明确地为以不同方式解决最优先问题制定时间表?②该方法是否采用了设定优先次序的清晰标准?③该方法是否采用了设定优先次序的清晰流程?④该方法是否采用了交流策略和监测与评估计划? | John N Lavis Andrew D Oxman Simon Lewin Atle Fretheim 袁强 陈群飞 蒋兰慧 王莉 李幼平 | 2010 | 中国循证医学杂志2010,10,3: | 2 |
| 12 | 知证卫生决策工具之十一--查找和使用当地证据显示文摘当地证据是指来源于卫生政策或卫生项目所涉及的特定环境的证据。需要这类证据与其它形式的证据共同支持方案决择。全球证据是判断政策效果及其影响因素和深入了解问题解决办法的最佳出发点。而当地证据大多数是在判断应采纳哪些决定及采取哪些措施时使用。本文提出以下5个问题供政策制定者在识别和评价当地证据进行知证决策时参考:①知证决策需要什么样的当地证据?②如何获得必需的当地证据?③如何评价现有当地证据的质量?④当地证据的可获得性、质量或结果是否有重要变化?⑤如何整合当地证据与其他信息? | Simon Lewin Andrew D Oxman John N Lavis Atle Fretheim Sebastian Garcia Marti Susan Munabi-Babigumira 李幼平 王莉 成岚 蒋兰慧 蔡羽嘉 | 2010 | 中国循证医学杂志2010,10,4: | 2 |
| 13 | 知证卫生决策工具之十三--准备和使用政策简报支持知证决策显示文摘政策简报是一个相对较新的为决策者打包研究证据的方法。政策简报的第一步就是设定政策问题的优先顺序,然后收集与问题各种特征相关的各方面研究证据。利用可得到的系统评价可使收集证据的过程可行且合理;若无系统评价,可查找单个相关研究并根据需考虑问题的特征合并单个研究。本文提供以下问题供准备和使用政策简报支持知证决策者参考:①该政策简报是否解决一个高度优先问题,并描述了该问题的相关背景?②该政策简报是否描述了用于解决该问题各方案的问题、成本和效果及实施时需考虑的关键问题?③该政策简报是否用系统、透明的方法查找、筛选及评价合成的研究证据?④在讨论合成的研究证据时,该政策简报是否考虑了证据的质量、当地适用性及公平性?⑤该政策简报是否使用分级进入格式?⑥是否对该政策简报的科学质量和系统相关性进行了评价? | John N Lavis Govin Permanand Andrew D Oxman Simon Lewin Atle Fretheim 李幼平 李玲 蒋兰慧 文进 | 2010 | 中国循证医学杂志2010,10,5: | 2 |
| 14 | Vulvar granular cell tumor显示文摘Granular cell tumors are rare,usually benign,soft tissue neoplasms of neural origin.They occur more often in females than males,the peak age incidence is in the fourth through fifth decades.They can occur anywhere in the body with up to 15% situated in the vulva.The commonest presentation is as an asymptomatic mass.Microscopic findings are usually sufficient,but immunohistochemistry can also be helpful in confirming the diagnosis.The vulvar tumors are benign in 98% of cases with 2% reported as malignant.In this case report we describe a woman with a granular cell tumor confirmed by biopsy who underwent excision of the mass but with focal extension to the resection margin on microscopy.Our recommendation of re-excision was declined.Since it is not uncommon with these tumors to find groups of tumor cells extending beyond the macroscopic limits of growth,we conclude that it is advisable to have margins assessed intraoperatively by frozen section such that further excision can be performed for positive margins.Our patient has been followed for 18 mo without recurrence,should the tumor recur,re-excision,with frozen section control,is indicated.Recurrence rates are reported as 2%-8% with clear margins and 20% with positive margins. | Michel E Rivlin G Rodney Meeks Mohamed A Ghafar Jack R Lewin | 2013 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2013,1,4: | 2 |
| 15 | 知证卫生决策工具之十五--使公众参与知证决策显示文摘我们在本文中提出告知公众并使之参与政策制定和实施的策略。使各级卫生系统的公众(患者和公众)参与政策制定和实施的重要性得到广泛认同。他们是公共政策所带来的有利或不利影响的最终受众,许多政府和组织已认识到使公众参与知证决策过程的价值。这样做的潜在好处包括制定包含公众想法并表明其关注点的政策,改善政策实施效果,促进医疗卫生服务和增进健康。公众参与也可被看做是政策的本质目标之一,鼓励民主参与、公众责任和透明。关于公众参与策略,我们提出可考虑的三个问题,分别是:①与媒体合作时,可用哪些策略来告知公众有关政策的制定和实施?②与民间社会团体合作时,可用什么策略告知公众并使之参与政策制定和实施?③可用什么方法使需方参与政策制定与实施? | Andrew D Oxman Simon Lewin John N Lavis Atle Fretheim 李鸿浩(译) 李幼平(总审校) 杨晓妍(审校) | 2010 | 中国循证医学杂志2010,10,5: | 2 |
| 16 | 知证卫生决策工具之十六--使用研究证据权衡政策的利弊显示文摘本文是为卫生政策及规划的决策者及其支持者写的系列文章之一。本文提出使用证据以判断所选政策和卫生规划的利弊关系。作出判断时我们建议考虑以下五个问题:①进行比较的选择是什么?②所比较的选择最重要的可能结果是什么?③对所比较的选择每一项重要结果而言,其影响的最佳估计是什么?④对所估计的影响,决策者及其他相关人员有多大的把握度?⑤有无正规的经济学模型帮助决策? | Andrew D Oxman John N Lavis Atle Fretheim Simon Lewin 陈群飞(译) 陈尹(译) 李幼平(总审校) 杨晓妍(审校) | 2010 | 中国循证医学杂志2010,10,5: | 2 |
| 17 | Adult polycystic liver disease with cutaneous involvement: a brief report显示文摘 | O'connell JT Lewin KJ | 1998 | Ann Diagn Pathol1998,2,2: | 2 |
| 18 | Areas of interictal spiking are associated with metabolic dysfunction in MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy显示文摘 | Shih JJ Weisend MP Lewine J | 2004 | Epilepsia2004,45,: | 1 |
| 19 | The bicuspid aortic valve: adverse outcomes from infancy to old age 显示文摘 | Lewin MB Otto CM | 2005 | Circulation2005,111,7: | 1 |
| 20 | Co-evolutionary dynamics within evolution to co-evolution显示文摘 | Volberda H W and Lewin A Y | 2003 | Journal of Management Studies2003,40,8: | 1 |