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| 1 | Psychosocial mechanisms for the transmission of somatic symptoms from parents to children显示文摘AIM: To examine familial aggregation of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) via parental reinforcement/modeling of symptoms, coping, psychological distress, and exposure to stress.METHODS:Mothers of children between the ages of8 and 15 years with and without IBS were identified through the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound.Mothers completed questionnaires,including the Child Behavior Checklist(child psychological distress),the Family Inventory of Life Events(family exposure to stress),SCL-90R(mother psychological distress),and the Pain Response Inventory(beliefs about pain).Children were interviewed separately from their parents and completed the Pain Beliefs Questionnaire(beliefs about pain),Pain Response Inventory(coping)and Child Symptom Checklist[gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms].In addition,health care utilization data was obtained from the automated database of Group Health Cooperative.Mothers with IBS(n=207)and their 296 children were compared to 240 control mothers and their 335 children,while controlling for age and education.RESULTS:Hypothesis 1:reinforcement of expression of GI problems is only related to GI symptoms,but not others(cold symptoms)in children.There was no significant correlation between parental reinforcement of symptoms and child expression of GI or other symptoms.Hypothesis 2:modeling of GI symptomsis related to GI but not non-GI symptom reporting in children.Children of parents with IBS reported more non-GI(8.97 vs 6.70,P<0.01)as well as more GI(3.24 vs 2.27,P<0.01)symptoms.Total health care visits made by the mother correlated with visits made by the child(rho=0.35,P<0.001 for cases,rho=0.26,P<0.001 for controls).Hypothesis 3:children learn to share the methods of coping with illness that their mothers exhibit.Methods used by children to cope with stomachaches differed from methods used by their mothers.Only 2/16 scales showed weak but significant correlations(stoicism rho=0.13,P<0.05;acceptance rho=0.13,P<0.05).Hypothesis 4:mothers and children share psychological traits such as anxiety,depression,and somatization.Child psychological distress correlated with mother’s psychological distress(rho=0.41,P<0.001 for cases,rho=0.38,P<0.001 for controls).Hypothesis 5:stress that affects the whole family might explain the similarities between mothers and their children.Family exposure to stress was not a significant predictor of children’s symptom reports.Hypothesis 6:the intergenerational transmission of GI illness behavior may be due to multiple mechanisms.Regression analysis identified multiple independent predictors of the child’s GI complaints,which were similar to the predictors of the child’s non-GI symptoms(mother’s IBS status,child psychological symptoms,child catastrophizing,and child age).CONCLUSION:Multiple factors influence the reporting of children’s gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal symptoms.The clustering of illness within families is best understood using a model that incorporates all these factors. | Miranda AL van Tilburg Rona L Levy Lynn S Walker Michael Von Korff Lauren D Feld Michelle Garner Andrew D Feld William E Whitehead | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，18： | 2 |
| 2 | Acute vasoconstriction after subarachnoid hemorrhage 显示文摘 | Bederson JB Levy AL Ding WH | 1998 | Neurosurgery1998，42，2： | 1 |
| 3 | Increased C-reactive protein lev- els in thepolycystic ovary syndrome: a marker of cardiovascular disease显示文摘 | Boulman N Levy Y Lcibaec al | 2004 | J Clin Endocrinol Mctab2004，，89： | 1 |
| 4 | Rapid resolution of pityriasis lichenoides et va- rioliformis acuta with azithromycin 显示文摘 | Skinner RB Levy AL | 2008 | J Am Acad Dermtol2008，58，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Focal nodular hyperplasia in identical twins显示文摘 | Mindikoglu AL Regev A Levi JU | 2005 | Am J Gastroenterol2005，100，7： | 1 |
| 6 | 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference,Marshall JC,Crit Care Med显示文摘 | Levy MM Fink MP et al 31 (4) | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 7 | Chromium in the environment: an evaluation of exposure of the UK general population and possible adverse health effects 显示文摘 | Rowbotham AL Levy LS Shukcr LK | 2000 | J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev2000，3，3： | 1 |
| 8 | international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock,Surviving Sepsis Campaign,Crit Care Med显示文摘 | Dellinger RP Levy MM Carlet JM et al | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 9 | Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008显示文摘 | Dellinger RP Levy MM Carlet JM el al | 2008 | Crit Care Meal2008，36，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Recent trends in coLorectaL cancer mortaLity in Europe显示文摘 | Bosetti C Levi F Rosato V et aL | 2011 | Int J Cancer2011，129，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Head pushing versus reverse breech extraction in cases of impacted fetal head during cesarean section显示文摘 | Levy R Chernomoretz T Appelman Z er al | 2005 | Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol2005，121，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Focal nodular hyperplasia in identical twins显示文摘 | Mindikoglu AL Regev A Levi JU | 2005 | Am J Gastroenterol2005，100，7： | 1 |
| 13 | Acute vasoconstriction after subarachnoid hemorrhage显示文摘 | Levy AL Ding WH | 1998 | Neurosurgery1998，42，2： | 1 |
| 14 | SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS international sepsis definitions conference显示文摘 | Levy M M Fink M P Marshall J C el al | 2001 | Intensive Care Med2001，29，4： | 1 |
| 15 | 2001 SCCM! ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS international Sepsis Definitions Conference 显示文摘 | Levy MM Fink MP Marslrall JC el al | 2003 | Crit Care Med2003，31，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Increased expression of oxidation-specific epitopes and apoptosis are associated with haptoglobin geno- type: possible implications for plaque progression in human atherosclerosis显示文摘 | Purushothaman KR Purushothaman M Levy AP et al | 2012 | J Am Coil Cardiol2012，60，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Obstetric outcome of twin pregnancies con-ceived by in vitro fertilization and ovulation in- duction compared with those conceived spontaneously显示文摘 | Yael AL Eitan L Amalia Levy | 2007 | Eur J Obstet Gynecol Re- prod Bio2007，133，： | 1 |
| 18 | Acute Vasoconstriction after Subarachnoid hemorrhage显示文摘 | Bederson JB Levy AL HD Wang | 1998 | Neurosurgery1998，42，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Randomized clinical trial of epidural, spinal or patient-controlled analgesia for patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery 显示文摘 | Levy BF Scott M J Fawcett W et'al | 2010 | Br J Surg2010，98，8： | 1 |
| 20 | Surviving Sepsis Campaign:international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock, 2012显示文摘 | Dellinger RP Levy MM Rhodes A el al | 2013 | Intensive Care Med2013，39，2： | 1 |
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