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| 1 | Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Where do we stand?显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma represents an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is the sixth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death. Liver transplantation is a key tool for the treatment of this disease in human therefore hepatocellular carcinoma is increasing as primary indication for grafting. Although liver transplantation represents an outstanding therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma, due to organ shortage, the careful selection and management of patients who may have a major survival benefit after grafting remains a fundamental question. In fact, only some stages of the disease seem amenable of this therapeutic option, stimulating the debate on the appropriate criteria to select candidates. In this review we focused on current criteria to select patients with hepatocellular carcinoma for liver transplantation as well as on the strategies (bridging) to avoid disease progression and exclusion from grafting during the stay on wait list. The treatments used to bring patients within acceptable criteria (down-staging), when their tumor burden exceeds the standard criteria for transplant, are also reported. Finally, we examined tumor reappearance following liver transplantation. This occurrence is estimated to be approximately 8%-20% in different studies. The possible approaches to prevent this outcome after transplant are reported with the corresponding results. | Francesco Santopaolo Ilaria Lenci Martina Milana Tommaso Maria Manzia Leonardo Baiocchi | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，21： | 15 |
| 2 | Moving forward in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma显示文摘Despite being the second most frequent primary liver tumor in humans,early diagnosis and treatment of cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)are still unsatisfactory.In fact,survival after 5 years is expected in less than one fourth of patients diagnosed with this disease.Rare incidence,late appearance of symptoms and heterogeneous biology are all factors contributing to our limited knowledge of this cancer and determining its poor prognosis in the clinical setting.Several efforts have been made in the last decades in order to achieve an improved classification/understanding with regard to the diverse CCA forms.Location within the biliary tree has helped to distinguish between intrahepatic,perihilar and distal CCA types.Sequence analysis contributed to identifying several characteristic genetic aberrations in CCA that may also serve as possible targets for therapy.Novel findings are expected to significantly improve the management of this malignancy in the near future.In this changing scenario our review focuses on the current and future strategies for CCA treatment.Both systemic and surgical treatments are discussed in detail.The results of the main studies in this field are reported,together with the ongoing trials.The current findings suggest that an integrated multidisciplinary approach to this malignancy would be helpful to improve its outcome. | Tommaso M Manzia Alessandro Parente Ilaria Lenci Bruno Sensi Martina Milana Carlo Gazia Alessandro Signorello Roberta Angelico Giuseppe Grassi Giuseppe Tisone Leonardo Baiocchi | 2021 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2021，13，12： | 6 |
| 3 | De novo malignancies after liver transplantation: The effect of immunosuppression-personal data and review of literature显示文摘BACKGROUND Immunosuppression has undoubtedly raised the overall positive outcomes in the post-operative management of solid organ transplantation. However, long-term exposure to immunosuppression is associated with critical systemic morbidities. De novo malignancies following orthotopic liver transplants (OLTs) are a serious threat in pediatric and adult transplant individuals. Data from different experiences were reported and compared to assess the connection between immunosuppression and de novo malignancies in liver transplant patients. AIM To study the role of immunosuppression on the incidence of de novo malignancies in liver transplant recipients. METHODS A systematic literature examination about de novo malignancies and immunosuppression weaning in adult and pediatric OLT recipients was described in the present review. Worldwide data were collected from highly qualified institutions performing OLTs. Patient follow-up, immunosuppression discontinuation and incidence of de novo malignancies were reported. Likewise, the review assesses the differences in adult and pediatric recipients by describing the adopted immunosuppression regimens and the different type of diagnosed solid and blood malignancy.RESULTS Emerging evidence suggests that the liver is an immunologically privileged organ able to support immunosuppression discontinuation in carefully selected recipients. Malignancies are often detected in liver transplant patients undergoing daily immunosuppression regimens. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative diseases and skin tumors are the most detected de novo malignancies in the pediatric and adult OLT population, respectively. To date, immunosuppression withdrawal has been achieved in up to 40% and 60% of well-selected adult and pediatric recipients, respectively. In both populations, a clear benefit of immunosuppression weaning protocols on de novo malignancies is difficult to ascertain because data have not been specified in most of the clinical experiences. CONCLUSION The selected populations of tolerant pediatric and adult liver transplant recipients greatly benefit from immunosuppression weaning. There is still no strong clinical evidence on the usefulness of immunosuppression withdrawal in OLT recipients on malignancies. An interesting focus is represented by the complete reconstitution of the immunological pathways that could help in decreasing the incidence of de novo malignancies and may also help in treating liver transplant patients suffering from cancer. | Tommaso Maria Manzia Roberta Angelico Carlo Gazia Ilaria Lenci Martina Milana Oludamilola T Ademoyero Domiziana Pedini Luca Toti Marco Spada Giuseppe Tisone Leonardo Baiocchi | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，35： | 3 |
| 4 | Sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir for post-transplant recurrent hepatitis C: potent antiviral activity but no clinical benefit if treatment is given late显示文摘 | Adriano M. Pellicelli Marzia Montalbano Raffaella Lionetti Christine Durand Peter Ferenci Gianpiero D’Offizi Viola Knop Andrea Telese Ilaria Lenci Arnaldo Andreoli Stefan Zeuzem Mario Angelico | 2014 | Digestive and Liver Disease2014，，： | 2 |
| 5 | Chronic rejection after liver transplantation:Opening the Pandora’s box显示文摘Chronic rejection(CR)of liver allografts causes damage to intrahepatic vessels and bile ducts and may lead to graft failure after liver transplantation.Although its prevalence has declined steadily with the introduction of potent immunosuppressive therapy,CR still represents an important cause of graft injury,which might be irreversible,leading to graft loss requiring re-transplantation.To date,we still do not fully appreciate the mechanisms underlying this process.In addition to T cell-mediated CR,which was initially the only recognized type of CR,recently a new form of liver allograft CR,antibody-mediated CR,has been identified.This has indeed opened an era of thriving research and renewed interest in the field.Liver biopsy is needed for a definitive diagnosis of CR,but current research is aiming to identify new non-invasive tools for predicting patients at risk for CR after liver transplantation.Moreover,the minimization or withdrawal of immunosuppressive therapy might influence the establishment of subclinical CR-related injury,which should not be disregarded.Therapies for CR may only be effective in the“early”phases,and a tailored management of the immunosuppression regimen is essential for preventing irreversible liver damage.Herein,we provide an overview of the current knowledge and research on CR,focusing on early detection,identification of non-invasive biomarkers,immunosuppressive management,re-transplantation and future perspectives of CR. | Roberta Angelico Bruno Sensi Tommaso M Manzia Giuseppe Tisone Giuseppe Grassi Alessandro Signorello Martina Milana Ilaria Lenci Leonardo Baiocchi | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，45： | 2 |
| 6 | COVID-19 in normal,diseased and transplanted liver显示文摘Starting from December 2019 the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has extended in the entire world giving origin to a pandemic.Although the respiratory system is the main apparatus involved by the infection,several other organs may suffer coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)-related injuries.The human tissues expressing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)are all possible targets of viral damage.In fact myocarditis,meningo-encephalitis,acute kidney injury and other complications have been described with regard to SARS-CoV-2 infection.The liver has a central role in the body homeostasis contributing to detoxification,catabolism and also synthesis of important factor such as plasma proteins.ACE2 is significantly expressed just by cholangiocytes within the liver,however transaminases are increased in more than one third of COVID-19 patients,at hospital admission.The reasons for liver impairment in the course of this infection are not completely clear at present and multiple factors such as:Direct viral effect,release of cytokines,ischemic damage,use of hepatotoxic drugs,sepsis,and others,may contribute to damage.While COVID-19 seems to elicit just a transient alteration of liver function tests in subjects with normal hepatic function,of concern,more severe sequelae are frequently observed in patients with a reduced hepatic reserve.In this review we report data regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection in subjects with normal or diseased liver.In addition the risks of COVID-19 in immunosuppressed patients(either transplanted or suffering for autoimmune liver diseases)are also described. | Alessandro Signorello Ilaria Lenci Martina Milana Giuseppe Grassi Leonardo Baiocchi | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，20： | 2 |
| 7 | Prevention of hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation:An update显示文摘Hepatitis C related liver failure and hepatocarcinoma are the most common indications for liver transplantation in Western countries.Recurrent hepatitis C infection of the allograft is universal and immediate following liver transplantation,being associated with accelerated progression to cirrhosis,graft loss and death.Graft and patient survival is reduced in liver transplant recipients with recurrent Hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection compared to HCV-negative recipients.Many variables may impact on recurrent HCV liver disease.Overall,excess immunosuppression is believed to be a key factor;however,no immunosuppressive regimen has been identified to be more beneficial or less harmful.Donor age limitations,exclusion of moderately to severely steatotic livers and minimization of ischemic times could be a potential strategy to minimize the severity of HCV disease in transplanted subjects.After transplantation,antiviral therapy based on pegylated IFN alpha with or without ribavirin is associated with far less results than that reported for immunocompetent HCV-infected patients.New findings in the field of immunotherapy and genomic medicine applied to this context are promising. | Marco Carbone Ilaria Lenci Leonardo Baiocchi | 2012 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2012，3，4： | 2 |
| 8 | BLIND: a set of se- mantic feature norms from the congenitally blind 显示文摘 | Lenci A Baroni M Caz2011i G | 2013 | Be- hav Res Methods2013，45，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Secondary bile acids and the biliary epithelia: The good and the bad显示文摘The biliary tract has been considered for several decades a passive system just leading the hepatic bile to the intestine.Nowadays several researches demonstrated an important role of biliary epithelia(i.e.cholangiocytes)in bile formation.The study of biliary processes therefore maintains a continuous interest since the possible important implications regarding chronic cholestatic human diseases,such as primary biliary cholangitis or primary sclerosing cholangitis.Bile acids(BAs),produced by the liver,are the most represented organic molecules in bile.The physiologic importance of BAs was initially attributed to their behavior as natural detergents but several studies now demonstrate they are also important signaling molecules.In this minireview the effect of BAs on the biliary epithelia are reported focusing in particular on secondary(deriving by bacterial manipulation of primary molecules)ones.This class of BAs is demonstrated to have relevant biological effects,ranging from toxic to therapeutic ones.In this family ursodeoxycholic and lithocholic acid present the most interesting features.The molecular mechanisms linking ursodeoxycholic acid to its beneficial effects on the biliary tract are discussed in details as well as data on the processes leading to lithocholic damage.These findings suggest that expansion of research in the field of BAs/cholangiocytes interaction may increase our understanding of cholestatic diseases and should be helpful in designing more effective therapies for biliary disorders. | Ilaria Lenci Martina Milana Alessandro Signorello Giuseppe Grassi Leonardo Baiocchi | 2023 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2023，29，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Experimental analysis and modelling of the mechanical behaviour of earthen bricks 显示文摘 | Quintilio Piattoni Enrico Quagliarini and Stefano Lenci | 2011 | Construction and Building Materials2011，25，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Sequence of events leading to primary biliary cholangitis显示文摘Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is a chronic cholestatic liver disease that is observed more frequently in middle-aged women.This disorder is considered an autoimmune disease,since liver injury is sustained by the presence of selfdirected antimitochondrial antibodies targeting the bile duct cells.The prognosis may vary depending on an early diagnosis and response to therapy.However,nearly a third of patients can progress to liver cirrhosis,thus requiring a liver transplant.Traditional immunosuppressive therapies,commonly employed for other autoimmune diseases,have limited effects on PBC.In fact,dramatic functional changes that occur in the biliary epithelium in the course of inflammation play a major role in perpetuating the injury.In this minireview,after a background on the disease and possible predisposing factors,the sequential cooperation of cellular/molecular events leading to end-stage PBC is discussed in detail.The rise and maintenance of the autoimmune process,as well as the response of the biliary epithelia during inflammatory injury,are key factors in the progression of the disease.The so-called“ductular reaction(DR)”,intended as a reactive expansion of cells with biliary phenotype,is a process frequently observed in PBC and partially understood.However,recent findings suggest a strict relationship between this pathological picture and the progression to liver fibrosis,cell senescence,and loss of biliary ducts.All these issues(onset of chronic inflammation,changes in secretive and proliferative biliary functions,DR,and its relationship with other pathological events)are discussed in this manuscript in an attempt to provide a snapshot,for clinicians and researchers,of the most relevant and sequential contributors to the progression of this human cholestatic disease.We believe that interpreting this disorder as a multistep process may help identify possible therapeutic targets to prevent evolution to severe disease. | Ilaria Lenci Paola Carnì Martina Milana Agreta Bicaj Alessandro Signorello Leonardo Baiocchi | 2023 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2023，29，37： | 1 |
| 12 | A randomized controlled trial of pegylated interferon-alpha2a plus adefovir dipivoxil for hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B显示文摘 | Piccolo P Lenci I Demelia L | 2009 | Antivir Ther2009，14，8： | 1 |
| 13 | Periodic solutions and bifurcations in an impact inverted pendulum under impulsive excitation显示文摘 | Rega G | 2000 | Chaos Solitons & Fractals2000，11，15： | 1 |
| 14 | Saline contrast echocardiography in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome awaiting liver transplantation 显示文摘 | Lenci I Alvior A Manzia TM | 2009 | J Am Soc Echocardiogr2009，22，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Massive hepatic angiomyolipoma in a young woman with tuberous sclerosis complex: significant clinical improvement during tamoxifen treatment显示文摘 | Lenci I Angelieo M Tisone G | 2008 | J Hepatol2008，48，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Prema-lignant and malignant lesions in endometrial polyps in patients undergoing hysteroscopic polypectomy显示文摘 | Lenci MA Nascimento VA Grandini AB | 2014 | Ein- stein(Sao Paulo)2014，12，1： | 1 |
| 17 | A randomized controlled trial of pegylated interferon alpha2a plus adefovir dipivoxil for hepatitis Be antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B显示文摘 | PICCOLO P LENCI I DEMELIA L | 2009 | Antiviral Therapy2009，14，8： | 1 |
| 18 | Periodic solutions and bifurcations in an impact inverted pendulum under impulsive excitation 显示文摘 | Lenci S Rega G | 2000 | Chaos Solitons Fractals2000，11，： | 1 |
| 19 | Simple analytical models for the J-lay problem显示文摘 | LENCI S CALLEGARI M | 2005 | Acta Mechanica2005，178，12： | 1 |
| 20 | Control of pull-in dynamics in a nonlinear thermoelastic electrically actuated microbeam显示文摘 | Lenci S Rega G | | 0，，02： | 1 |
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