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| 1 | Probiotic supplementation decreases intestinal transit time: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials显示文摘AIM: To determine the efficacy of probiotic supplementation on intestinal transit time (ITT) and to identify factors that influence these outcomes. METHODS: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of probiotic supplementation that measured ITT in adults was conducted by searching MEDLINE and EMBASE using relevant combinations. Main search limits included RCTs of probiotic supplementation in healthy or constipated adults that measured ITT. Study quality was assessed using the Jadad scale. A random effects meta-analysis was performed with standardized mean difference (SMD) of ITT between probiotic and control groups as the primary outcome. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to examine the impact of moderator variables on ITT SMD. RESULTS: A total of 11 clinical trials with 13 treatment effects representing 464 subjects were included in this analysis. Probiotic supplementation was associated with decreased ITT in relation to controls, with an SMD of 0.40 (95%CI: 0.20-0.59, P < 0.001). Constipation (r 2 = 39%, P = 0.01), higher mean age (r 2 = 27%, P = 0.03), and higher percentage of female subjects (r 2 = 23%, P < 0.05) were predictive of decreased ITT with probiotics in meta-regression. Subgroup analyses demonstrated statistically greater reductions in ITT with probiotics in subjects with vs without constipation and in older vs younger subjects [both SMD: 0.59 (95%CI: 0.39-0.79) vs 0.17 (95%CI: -0.08-0.42), P = 0.01]. Medium to large treatment effects were identified with Bifidobacterium Lactis (B. lactis ) HN019 (SMD: 0.72, 95%CI: 0.27-1.18, P < 0.01) and B. lactis DN-173 010 (SMD: 0.54, 95%CI: 0.15-0.94, P < 0.01) while other single strains and combination products yielded small treatment effects. CONCLUSION: Overall, short-term probiotic supplementation decreases ITT with consistently greater treatment effects identified in constipated or older adults and with certain probiotic strains. | Larry E Miller Arthur C Ouwehand | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，29： | 9 |
| 2 | Femtojoule electro-optic modulation using a silicon– organic hybrid device显示文摘Energy-efficient electro-optic modulators are at the heart of short-reach optical interconnects,and silicon photonics is considered the leading technology for realizing such devices.However,the performance of all-silicon devices is limited by intrinsic material properties.In particular,the absence of linear electro-optic effects in silicon renders the integration of energy-efficient photonic–electronic interfaces challenging.Silicon–organic hybrid(SOH)integration can overcome these limitations by combining nanophotonic silicon waveguides with organic cladding materials,thereby offering the prospect of designing optical properties by molecular engineering.In this paper,we demonstrate an SOH Mach–Zehnder modulator with unprecedented efficiency:the 1-mm-long device consumes only 0.7 fJ bit^(-1) to generate a 12.5 Gbit s^(-1) data stream with a bit-error ratio below the threshold for hard-decision forward-error correction.This power consumption represents the lowest value demonstrated for a non-resonant Mach–Zehnder modulator in any material system.It is enabled by a novel class of organic electro-optic materials that are designed for high chromophore density and enhanced molecular orientation.The device features an electro-optic coefficient of r33<180 pm V^(-1) and can be operated at data rates of up to 40 Gbit s^(-1). | Sebastian Koeber Robert Palmer Matthias Lauermann Wolfgang Heni Delwin L Elder Dietmar Korn Markus Woessner Luca Alloatti Swen Koenig Philipp C Schindler Hui Yu Wim Bogaerts Larry R Dalton Wolfgang Freude Juerg Leuthold Christian Koos | 2015 | Light(Science & Applications)2015，4，1： | 4 |
| 3 | Contemporary meta-analysis of short-term probiotic consumption on gastrointestinal transit显示文摘AIM: To determine the efficacy of probiotic supplementation on intestinal transit time(ITT) in adults and to identify factors that influence these outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials of probiotic supplementation that measured ITT in adults. Study quality was assessed using the Jadad scale. A random effects meta-analysis was performed with standardized mean difference(SMD) of ITT between probiotic and control groups as the primary outcome. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses examined the impact of moderator variables on SMD of ITT.RESULTS: A total of 15 clinical trials with 17 treatment effects representing 675 subjects were included in this analysis. Probiotic supplementation was moderately efficacious in decreasing ITT compared to control, with an SMD of 0.38(95%CI: 0.23-0.53, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses demonstrated statistically greater reductions in ITT with probiotics in subjects with vs without constipation(SMD: 0.57 vs 0.22, P < 0.01) and in studies with high vs low study quality(SMD: 0.45 vs 0.00, P = 0.01). Constipation(R^2 = 38%, P < 0.01), higher study quality(R^2 = 31%, P = 0.01), older age(R^2 = 27%, P = 0.02), higher percentage of female subjects(R^2 = 26%, P = 0.02), and fewer probiotic strains(R^2 = 20%, P < 0.05) were predictive of decreased ITT with probiotics in meta-regression. Medium to large treatment effects were identified with B. lactis HN019(SMD: 0.67, P < 0.001) and B. lactis DN-173 010(SMD: 0.54, P < 0.01) while other probiotic strains yielded negligible reductions in ITT relative to control.CONCLUSION: Probiotic supplementation is moderately efficacious for reducing ITT in adults. Probiotics were most efficacious in constipated subjects, when evaluated in high-quality studies, and with certain probiotic strains. | Larry E Miller Angela K Zimmermann Arthur C Ouwehand | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，21： | 2 |
| 4 | Epidemiology of environmental tobacco smoke exposure 显示文摘 | Ross C Brownson Larry W Figgs Laura E Caisley | 2002 | Oncogene2002，，21： | 1 |
| 5 | Man- agement of Late-season Infestations of Cotton A- phids and Sweetpotato Whiteflies (Strain B) in Pi- ma Cotton in the San Joaquin Valley显示文摘 | LARRY D GODFREY DAVIS C A | 2006 | National Cotton Council2006，，87： | 1 |
| 6 | Aspirin:It's Hard to Beat显示文摘 | David C A Larry B G | 2004 | Neurology2004，62，7： | 1 |
| 7 | Titanium alloys on the F-22 fighter airframe显示文摘 | James D C Larry P C Herry R P | 2002 | Advanced Materials and Processes2002，160，5： | 1 |
| 8 | Metabolites toxic to spruce budworm from balsam fir needle endopgytes显示文摘 | LARRY A C JOHN A F NOAMN J W | 1992 | Mycol Res1992，96，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Terrain analysis:integration into the agricultural nonpoint source (AGNPS) pollution model显示文摘 | John C P Ian D M Larry A K | 1991 | J Soil and Water Conservation1991，，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Preventing turbine water damage: TDP-1 Updated 显示文摘 | LARRY A K RAM N JOHN C B | 2009 | Power2009，，8： | 1 |
| 11 | The effects of land-uso history on soil properties and nutrient dynamics in northern hardwood forests of the ad- irondack mountains 显示文摘 | Larry E F Canham C D Marks P L | 2004 | Ecosystems2004，7，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Beginning a molecular analysis of the eukaryal community in activated sludge显示文摘 | Terence LM Wen-Tso L Larry JF Hans C | 1998 | W at Sci Tech1998，37，45： | 1 |
| 13 | The Role of Interpersonal Liking in Building Trust in Long-term Channel Relationships显示文摘 | CAROLYN Y N LARRY D C RAJESH S | 2001 | Journal of Academy of Marketing Science2001，29，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Tread compounds with highly-dispersible silica显示文摘 | Larry R E William C Fultz J M | 1998 | Rubb World1998，219，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Coupling through tortuous path narrow slot apertures into complex cavities显示文摘 | Russell P J Steven P C Larry K W | 2000 | IEEE Trans Antennas Propagation2000，48，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Using Dasymetric Mapping to Identify Communities at Risk from Hazardous Waste Generation in San Antonio, Texas显示文摘 | Alberto G Larry C | 2010 | Ur- ban Geography2010，31，5： | 1 |
| 17 | An Exploratory Study of an internship program: The case of Hang Kong students 显示文摘 | TERRY L A LARRY C | 2007 | Hospitality Management2007，26，： | 1 |
| 18 | Radiation use efficiency and biomass production in soybean at different plant population densities显示文摘 | Purcell Larry C Ball Rosalind A Reaper J D | 2002 | Crop Sci2002，42，： | 1 |
| 19 | Wheeling charge under a deregulated environment显示文摘 | Lee W J Lin C H Larry D S | 2001 | IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications2001，37，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Modeling individual differences in working memory performance: A source activation account显示文摘 | Marsha C Lovett Lynne M Reder | 2001 | Cognitive Science2001，25，3： | 1 |
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