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| 1 | 中国消除麻疹的关键技术问题:专家解读共识显示文摘中国卫生部发布《2006—2012年全国消除麻疹行动计划》以来,全国采取了一系列消除麻疹策略与措施并取得明显进展,但中国处于消除麻疹的关键时期,面临着新的挑战,麻疹流行病学特征也发生了变化,尤其需要统一和澄清对一些技术问题的认识。中国疾病预防控制中心(Center for Disease Control and Prevention,CDC)免疫规划中心收集、汇总各级CDC专业人员近年来关注的问题,并会同世界卫生组织驻华代表处,组织国内外专家深人研讨了主要的技术问题,包括消除麻疹与接种疫苗、麻疹病例的传染来源、保护〈8月龄婴儿、爆发疫情的应急免疫活动、医院传播的作用和控制意义、特殊人群及场所等,形成专家解读共识,供相关部门和专业人员在消除麻疹中参考。 | 苏琪茹 徐爱强 Peter Strebel 许文波 郝利新 周勇 李慧 庞星火 马超 张燕 方刚 崔富强 丁峥嵘 沈永刚 安志杰 张永基 谢淑云 William Schluter 余文周 郑景山 夏伟 王青 郑慧贞 张延炀 张丽杰 段梦娟 杨维中 Lance Rodewald 李黎 罗会明 | 2014 | 中国疫苗和免疫2014，20，3： | 137 |
| 2 | 害虫生物防治新技术--载体植物系统显示文摘建立一个自我维持并可有效降低害虫种群水平的系统是害虫生物防治长期追求的理想目标。载体植物系统(banker plant system)又称开放式天敌饲养系统,是近年来开发出的一种集保护利用本地天敌、人工繁殖释放天敌以及异地引进天敌等传统技术特点为一体的新型生物防治技术。载体植物(banker plants)、替代食物(alternative foods)和有益生物(beneficial)是该系统的三个基本要素。本文对载体植物和载体植物系统概念、特点以及近年来国际上的研究进展进行了综述,并结合自身的研究实践,举例介绍载体植物系统的应用,以推动国内外对载体植物系统的研究和应用。 | 肖英方 毛润乾 沈国清 Lance S.Osbome | 2012 | 中国生物防治学报2012，28，1： | 41 |
| 3 | Impact of oxygation on soil respiration, yield and water use efficiency of three crop species显示文摘Oxygation refers to irrigation of crops with aerated water,through air injection using the venturi principle or the supply of hydrogen peroxide in the root zone,both using subsurface drip irrigation(SDI)system.Oxygation improves water use efficiency(WUE),producing more yield and,and therefore,optimizes the use of drip and SDI.But the efficiency of oxygation is quite possibly dependent on a number of factors.The primary objective of this study was,therefore,to quantify the effects of oxygation,emitter depths and soil type on crop root zone oxygen content,soil respiration,plant physiological response,biomass yield,quality and WUE of three crop species.Methods This study investigated the potential of oxygation to enhance soil respiration,plant growth,yield and water use efficiencies(WUE)of cotton and wheat in experiments in enclosed heavy-duty concrete troughs(tubs)and pineapple and cotton in field experiments.Experimental treatments in tubs for wheat included comparisons between two soil types(vertisol and ferrosol)and superimposed were two oxygation methods(Mazzei air injector and Seair Diffusion System)compared to a control,and for cotton,emitters at two depths using Mazzei air injectors were compared to a control.The field experiments compared Mazzei air injectors and a control for cotton in Emerald and pineapple in Yeppoon,both in central Queensland,Australia.Important findings In all experiments,soil oxygen content and soil respiration markedly increased in response to the oxygation treatments.The O2 concentration in the crop root zone increased by 2.4–32.6%,for oxygation compared to control at the same depth.The soil respiration increased by 42–100%.The number of wheat ears,leaf dry weight and total dry matter were significantly greater in Mazzei and Seair oxygation compared to the control.Fresh biomass of wheat increased by 11 and 8%,and dry weight of wheat increased by 8 and 3%in Mazzei and Seair oxygation treatments compared to the control,respectively.Likewise,the irrigation water use efficiency increased with oxygation compared to the control in wheat.The yield,WUE and number of other physiological parameters in wheat were enhanced in vertisol compared to ferrosol.The seed cotton yield in the tub experiment increased with oxygation by 14%,and significant differences for fresh biomass,dry matter and yield were also noted between oxygation and the control in the field.Lint yield and WUE both increased by 7%using Mazzei in the cotton field trial during 2008–09.There were significant effects of oxygation on pineapple fresh biomass,and dry matter weight,industry yield and a number of quality parameters were significantly improved.The total fruit yield and marketable increased by 17 and 4%and marketable WUE increased by 3%using Mazzei.Our data suggest that the benefits of oxygation are notable not only for dicotyledonous cotton but also for monocotyledonous wheat and pineapple representing different rooting morphologies and CO_(2) fixation pathways. | Xinming Chen Jay Dhungel Surya P.Bhattarai Manouchehr Torabi Lance Pendergast David J.Midmore | 2011 | Journal of Plant Ecology2011，4，4： | 46 |
| 4 | 新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情紧急研究议程:传播和非药物缓疫策略显示文摘2019年12月29日,武汉市某医院报告了一起不明原因重症肺炎聚集性病例事件,中国政府核实后通报了世界卫生组织(WHO)[1]。2020年1月8日,此次暴发的病原被确认为新型冠状病毒,即2019新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV),其基因序列被迅速提交WHO。1月30日,WHO宣布将新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情列为'国际关注的突发公共卫生事件'[2]。病原确认后的1个月中,科学家们通过研究已经阐述了诸多重要问题,给疫情的理解、预测和防控带来很多帮助[1,3,4,5,6,7]。尽管我们对2019-nCoV的认识已逐步深入,但很多问题仍然缺乏答案或不够精确,亟待解决。 | 中国疾病预防控制中心新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控技术组 冯子健 陈秋兰 冯录召 李中杰 黎舒 秦颖 王晴 杨孝坤 殷文武 张慕丽 张婷 安志杰 李媛秋 吴丹 尹遵栋 俞海亮 陈伟 夏愔愔 张若尘 Lance Rodewald | 2020 | 中华流行病学杂志2020，41，2： | 35 |
| 5 | 中国的扩大免疫规划项目:成就、挑战及更健康的儿童显示文摘中国的免疫规划是实现拯救生命,预防病痛,实现全球健康目标,并减低健康看护成本的一项国家层面开展的宝贵措施。中国的免疫规划在过去的数年中已取得了众多瞩目的成就,但依然面临着持续的挑战。疫苗生物技术的发展,对全球目标(疾病消灭、消除或控制)的承诺增加了对现代免疫规划的期望。本篇述评旨在陈述中国免疫规划工作近年来的进展,探讨中国如何利用这些成果和挑战来强化免疫规划体系。 | Lance E.Rodewald 段梦娟 | 2013 | 中国疫苗和免疫2013，19，5： | 34 |
| 6 | 恢复力与可持续发展:在瞬息万变的世界中增强适应能力显示文摘由于在以往的自然资源政策上逐渐暴露出了两个带根本性的错误,人们开始意识到在环境管理理论和实践方面需要进行一场全球性的重大改革。第一个错误是毫无保留地假定生态系统对人类利用所作出的反应是呈线性关系、是可以预测和控制的。第二个错误是认定人娄社会与天然系统可以分别对待,不必联系在一起进行考虑。然而,从世界各地收集到的证据表明,天然系统和人类社会系统是以非线性方式运行的,在其动态运行过程中均有其显著的极限,而且,人类社会与生态系统表现为一种紧密相联的、复杂的且不断演变的综合系统。本文是代表瑞典政府环境咨询委员会编写的一份报告的摘要,这份报告是作为向2002年8月26日~9月4日在南非约翰内斯堡召开的可持续发展世界首脑会议献礼的论文而撰写的。从概念上说,恢复力是一种能缓冲变化所带来的影响、学习知识和求得发展的能力,我们将它作为在一个纷纭复杂、快速变化的世界中,是否真正懂得如何维护和提高适应能力的一种参照标准来使用。在社会、生态综合系统中,有两种有用的工具可用来提高恢复力,一种是结构严谨的工作方案,另一种是积极的适应力管理。这两种工具都需要而且有助于形成这样一种社会环境:具有灵活开放的组织机构和多层次的监管体制,允许学习适应力方面的知识和提高适应力但又不妨碍对来来的发展作出选择。 | Carl Folke Steve Carpenter Thomas Elmqvist Lance Gunderson C.S.Holling Brian Walker 刘林群 | 2002 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志2002，31，5： | 34 |
| 7 | 大中型灌区干渠输配水渗漏损失经验公式探讨显示文摘中国广泛使用考斯加可夫经验公式来估算渠道输水渗漏损失 ,在渠道实际运行中 ,存在一些缺陷。为此 ,根据Davis -Wilson公式 ,并考虑使用的习惯性和方便性 ,建立了渠段输配水损失与渠道断面尺寸、水力条件、土壤类型、地下水埋深等因素相关的经验公式 ,同时将渠道衬砌等其他所有因素一并考虑在渗漏折减系数中 。 | 谢崇宝 J M Lance 崔远来 白美健 黄斌 蔡林根 | 2003 | 中国农村水利水电2003，，2： | 22 |
| 8 | 自养型生物过滤器硝化氧化一氧化氮显示文摘采用一种新的工程材料多孔碳作为填料 ,在 3个5 0 8mm填充着不同孔径多孔碳和驯化培养好的自养型亚硝酸盐硝化菌的生物过滤器中 ,进行了净化气体中NO的探索性研究 .实验采用亚硝酸盐为唯一氮源 ,在多孔碳的表面培养生物膜 ,采用超声波气溶胶发生器来维持过滤器内的湿度并保持多孔碳表面液膜的厚度较小 .液相硝化试验用来比较 3种不同孔径的多孔碳之间硝化性能的潜力和差异 .结果表明 ,在亚氮 (NO- 2 N)进口负荷约2 0 0~ 80 0g/(L·min)的范围内 ,2 4孔 /cm(PoresPerCentimeter,PPC)多孔碳过滤器的硝化速率最大 ,达到 94%~98%;8PPC和 1 8PPC多孔碳过滤器的硝化速率分别达到 1 5 %~ 2 1 %和 3 0 %~ 40 %.气相试验表明 ,在NO空床停留时间 3 5min、进口浓度 66 97~ 2 67 86mg/m3的范围内 ,2 4PPC多孔碳过滤器对NO的去除效率为 41 %~5 2 %左右 。 | 陈建孟 Lance Hershman 陈浚 Daniel P.Y.Chang | 2003 | 环境科学2003，24，2： | 20 |
| 9 | 分子系统进化关系分析的一种新方法——贝叶斯法在硬蜱属中的应用显示文摘距离矩阵邻接法、最大简约法和最大似然法是重建生物系统关系的 3种主要方法。普遍认为最大似然法在原理上优于前二种方法 ,但其计算复杂费时。由于现行计算机的能力尚达不到其要求而实用性差 ,特别是在处理大数据集样本 (即大于 2 5个分类单元 )时 ,用此方法几乎不可能。新近提出的贝叶斯法 (Bayesianmethod)既保留了最大似然法的基本原理 ,又引进了马尔科夫链的蒙特卡洛方法 ,并使计算时间大大缩短。本文用贝叶斯法对硬蜱属 (Ixodes) 19个种的线粒体 16SrDNA片段进行了系统进化分析。从总体上看 ,分析结果与现有的基于形态学的分类体系基本吻合。但与现存的假说相反 ,莱姆病的主要宿主蓖籽硬蜱复合种组并非单系。通过比较贝叶斯法与其它三种方法的结果 ,我们认为贝叶斯法是一种系统进化分析的好方法 ,它既能根据分子进化的现有理论和各种模型用概率重建系统进化关系 ,又克服了最大似然法计算速度慢、不适用于大数据集样本的缺陷。贝叶斯法根据后验概率直观地表示系统进化关系的分析结果 ,不需要用自引导法进行检验。可以预料 ,贝叶斯法将会被广泛地应用到系统进化分析上. | 徐广 方庆权 James E. KEIRANS Lance A. DURDEN | 2003 | 动物学报2003，49，3： | 18 |
| 10 | Mechanically induced Ca^(2+) oscillations in osteocytes release extracellular vesicles and enhance bone formation显示文摘The vast osteocytic network is believed to orchestrate bone metabolic activity in response to mechanical stimuli through production of sclerostin, RANKL, and osteoprotegerin(OPG). However, the mechanisms of osteocyte mechanotransduction remain poorly understood. We've previously shown that osteocyte mechanosensitivity is encoded through unique intracellular calcium (Ca^(2+) ) dynamics. Here, by simultaneously monitoring Ca^(2+) and actin dynamics in single cells exposed to fluid shear flow, we detected actin network contractions immediately upon onset of flow-induced Ca^(2+) transients, which were facilitated by smooth muscle myosin and further confirmed in native osteocytes ex vivo. Actomyosin contractions have been linked to the secretion of extracellular vesicles(EVs), and our studies demonstrate that mechanical stimulation upregulates EV production in osteocytes through immunostaining for the secretory vesicle marker Lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1(LAMP1) and quantifying EV release in conditioned medium, both of which are blunted when Ca^(2+) signaling was inhibited by neomycin. Axial tibia compression was used to induce anabolic bone formation responses in mice, revealing upregulated LAMP1 and expected downregulation of sclerostin in vivo. This load-related increase in LAMP1 expression was inhibited in neomycin-injected mice compared to vehicle.Micro-computed tomography revealed significant load-related increases in both trabecular bone volume fraction and cortical thickness after two weeks of loading, which were blunted by neomycin treatment. In summary, we found mechanical stimulation of osteocytes activates Ca^(2+) -dependent contractions and enhances the production and release of EVs containing bone regulatory proteins. Further, blocking Ca^(2+) signaling significantly attenuates adaptation to mechanical loading in vivo, suggesting a critical role for Ca^(2+) -mediated signaling in bone adaptation. | Andrea E.Morrell Genevieve N.Brown Samuel T.Robinson Rachel L.Sattler Andrew D.Baik Gehua Zhen Xu Cao Lynda F.Bonewald Weiyang Jin Lance C.Kam X.Edward Guo | 2018 | Bone Research2018，6，1： | 13 |
| 11 | 新型冠状病毒疫苗研发进展和思考显示文摘2019年底中国武汉发生2019冠状病毒病(Coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)暴发疫情。2020年1月30日WHO宣布将该疫情列为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件,3月12日宣布为大流行。截至2020年4月3日,全球报告972303例COVID-19确诊病例,死亡50321例;其中中国报告82802例,死亡3331例。为应对COVID-19疫情进一步传播,多国已宣布启动COVID-19疫苗研发工作。本文综述了全球COVID-19疫苗研发的初步进展,并对疫苗研发和使用提出相关建议。 | 孙校金 王富珍 安志杰 Lance Rodewald 尹遵栋 | 2020 | 中国疫苗和免疫2020，26，3： | 13 |
| 12 | CO_2捕获技术方案选择显示文摘随着温室气体对全球气候的影响日益显现,电厂CO2的减排已引起世界广泛关注。文章主要介绍了3种CO2捕获技术:燃烧前捕获、纯氧燃烧、燃烧后捕获,并介绍了其工艺流程。 | Lance C.Elwell Willard S.Grant 何鹏(摘译) 马明(校对) | 2007 | 电力建设2007，28，11： | 10 |
| 13 | 中国推进消灭脊髓灰质炎终结战略计划技术问题:世界卫生组织专家解读显示文摘中国积极推进消灭脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)终结战略计划,分阶段将灭活脊灰病毒疫苗(Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine,IPV)纳入免疫规划,预期2016年4月与全球同步停服三价(Trivalent)口服脊灰减毒活疫苗(Oral Poliomyelitis Attenuated Live Vaccine,t OPV),开始接种二价(Bivalent)OPV(b OPV)。为澄清对一些技术问题的认识,世界卫生组织驻中国代表处会同国内外相关专家,讨论了中国部分专业人员提出的主要技术和政策问题,包括停用OPV的原因,b OPV替代t OPV使用的步骤,转换前减少风险的准备等,形成专家解读,供相关部门和专业人员在推进消灭脊灰终结战略计划中参考。 | 左树岩 Lance Rodewald Roland Sutter Jackie Fournier-Caruana William Schluter Sergey Diorditsa | 2015 | 中国疫苗和免疫2015，21，4： | 9 |
| 14 | Operative complications and economic outcomes of cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis显示文摘BACKGROUND Recent management of acute cholecystitis favors same admission(SA)or emergent cholecystectomy based on overall shorter hospital stay and therefore cost savings.We adopted the practice of SA cholecystectomy for the treatment of acute cholecystitis at our tertiary care center and wanted to evaluate the economic benefit of this practice.We hypothesized that the existence of complications,particularly among patients with a higher degree of disease severity,during SA cholecystectomy could negate the cost savings.AIM To compare complication rates and hospital costs between SA vs delayed cholecystectomy among patients admitted emergently for acute cholecystitis.METHODS Under an IRB-approved protocol,complications and charges for were obtained for SA,later after conservative management(Delayed),or elective cholecystectomies over an 8.5-year period.Patients were identified using the acute care surgery registry and billing database.Data was retrieved via EMR,operative logs,and Revenue Cycle Operations.The severity of acute cholecystitis was graded according to the Tokyo Guidelines.TG18 categorizes acute cholecystitis by Grades 1,2,and 3 representing mild,moderate,and severe,respectively.Comparisons were analyzed withχ2,Fisher’s exact test,ANOVA,ttests,and logistic regression;significance was set at P<0.05.RESULTS Four hundred eighty-six(87.7%)underwent a SA while 68 patients(12.3%)received Delayed cholecystectomy.Complication rates were increased after SA compared to Delayed cholecystectomy(18.5%vs 4.4%,P=0.004).The complication rates of patients undergoing delayed cholecystectomy was similar to the rate for elective cholecystectomy(7.4%,P=0.35).Mortality rates were 0.6%vs 0%for SA vs Delayed.Patients with moderate disease(Tokyo 2)suffered more complications among SA while none who were delayed experienced a complication(16.1%vs 0.0%,P<0.001).Total hospital charges for SA cholecystectomy were increased compared to a Delayed approach($44500±$59000 vs$35300±$16700,P=0.019).The relative risk of developing a complication was 4.2x[95%confidence interval(CI):1.4-12.9]in the SA vs Delayed groups.Among eight patients(95%CI:5.0-12.3)with acute cholecystitis undergoing SA cholecystectomy,one patient will suffer a complication.CONCLUSION Patients with Tokyo Grade 2 acute cholecystitis had more complications and increased hospital charges when undergoing SA cholecystectomy.This data supports a selective approach to SA cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. | Christopher P Rice Krishnamurthy B Vaishnavi Celia Chao Daniel Jupiter August B Schaeffer Whitney R Jenson Lance W Griffin William J Mileski | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，48： | 8 |
| 15 | Milk selenium content and speciation in response to supranutritional selenium yeast supplementation in cows显示文摘The effects of selenium(Se)yeast supplementation on performance,blood biochemical and antioxidant parameters,and milk Se content and speciation were evaluated.Thirty-six mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments:1)control(basal diet containing Se at 0.11 mg/kg DM),2)basal diet+0.5 mg supplemental Se/kg DM(SY-0.5),and 3)basal diet+5 mg supplemental Se/kg DM(SY-5).Selenium was supplemented as Se yeast.The trial consisted of a 1-week pretrial period and an 8-week experimental period.Milk somatic cell score decreased with SY-5 supplementation(P<0.05),but other performance parameters were not affected(P>0.05).The serum Se concentration increased with the increasing levels of Se yeast supplementation(P<0.05),however,blood biochemical parameters showed few treatment effects.The antioxidant capacity of dairy cows was improved with Se yeast supplementation reflected in increased serum glutathione peroxidase activity(P<0.05)and total antioxidant capacity(P=0.08),and decreased malondialdehyde concentration(P<0.05).Milk total Se concentration increased with Se dose(P<0.05).Also,the selenomethionine concentration increased with Se dose from 13.0±0.7 pg/kg in control to 33.1±2.1 pg/kg in SY-0.5 and 530.4±17.5 pg/kg in SY-5 cows(P<0.05).Similarly,selenocystine concentration increased from 15.6±0.9μg/kg in control and 18.9±1.1 pg/kg in SY-0.5 to 22.2±1.5 pg/kg in SY-5 cows(P<0.05).In conclusion,Se yeast is a good organic Se source to produce Se-enriched cow milk with increased Se species including selenomethionine and selenocystine.The results can provide useful information on milk Se species when a high dose Se yeast was supplemented in the cow diet. | Lingling Sun Gentao Liu Dongmei Xu Zhaohai Wu Lu Ma Sanz-Fernandez M.Victoria Lance H.Baumgard Dengpan Bu | 2021 | Animal Nutrition2021，，4： | 6 |
| 16 | Experimental Basis of Determining Maximum Coronary, Myocardial, and Collateral Blood Flow by Pressure Measurements for Assessing Functional Stenosis Severity Before and After Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty显示文摘 | Nico H.J. Pijls Jacques A.M. van Son Richard L. Kirkeeide Bernard De Bruyne Lance K. Gould | 1993 | Circulation1993，，4： | 6 |
| 17 | 坎地沙坦在炎症过程中抑制氧化应激反应机制的研究显示文摘目的探讨坎地沙坦(Cand esartan,CAN)是否具有不依赖血管紧张素1型受体(anti-inflammation viaindependent,AT1R)的抗炎作用及其可能的机制。方法以人肾小管上皮细胞为研究对象,观察CAN对肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)诱导炎症趋化因子的影响及CAN对TNF-α所诱导ROS的作用。采用RT-PCR方法测定相关分子mRNA表达,Western blotting和ELISA方法测定相关分子蛋白含量。结果 CAN能有效抑制TNF-α诱导炎症趋化因子MCP-1、RANTES mRNA和蛋白表达,且能抑制TNF-α诱导的NF-αB磷酸化。CAN还具有类是抗氧化应激物N乙酰半胱氨酸(NCA)的作用,抑制TNF-α诱导的ROS产生。结论 CAN能抑制TNF-α诱导肾小管上皮细胞发生炎症反应,其机制与CAN的直接抗氧化作用有关。 | 余莹 李长明 周沛然 傅兰君 Lance Dworkin 余晨 | 2010 | 同济大学学报(医学版)2010，31，3： | 6 |
| 18 | 最大化组织科学的影响:学科与学术领域交叉处的理论构建显示文摘学科与学术领域的交叉处为创造性的理论构建提供了重要机会。本文中,我们提出了在学科交叉处构建理论的3种模式,并强调了这3种模式的优势与不足。我们运用'影响轮(impact wheel)'把3种模式相互联系起来,直观地描述了它们对理论、学术领域、学科、研究者和外部相关者等五大范围的影响。尽管3种模式对这些方面的影响不尽相同,但当在学科交叉处的理论建构可以修订现有学科和学术领域边界,并产生新的学科和学术领域时,其影响最大。这样的理论建构并不常见,并且需要研究者具有挖掘组织科学更多潜能的特定技巧。 | Shaker A.Zahra Lance R.Newey 张闯 | 2011 | 管理世界2011，27，3： | 6 |
| 19 | Effectiveness of Catch-Up Vaccinations after COVID-19 Containment--China,2020显示文摘Introduction:In the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic in China,the highest level of public health emergency response(Level 1 Response)was launched in all province-level administrative divisions(PLADs)across the country.Provision of vaccination services was selectively suspended due to the physical distancing and gathering restrictions required of Level 1 Response.The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on vaccination services and the effectiveness of selective vaccination service suspension and catch-up vaccinations in China.Methods:Vaccine doses administered,routine vaccination coverage levels,catch-up vaccine doses administered,and coverage levels after the catch-up campaign were determined from individual vaccination records in sampled clinics,standard routine immunization administrative coverage reports,and catch-up vaccination activity reports submitted by PLADs between October 2019 and October 2020.Results:National Immunization Program(NIP)and non-NIP vaccine doses administered in sampled clinics decreased by 80% and 90%,respectively,compared with doses administered before the COVID-19 pandemic.Coverage with the birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine(HepB1)and the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine(BCG)—two vaccinations recommended to continue throughout the epidemic due to their timecritical nature—were maintained at over 85%,while coverage of other NIP vaccines decreased to below 60%by February 2020.Catch-up vaccination coverage of the 29 PLADs,excluding Xinjiang and Xizang(Tibet),began in April 2020 and exceeded 90%;Hubei catch-up coverage was 95% by October 2020.Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice:The COVID-19 pandemic had a great impact on China’s vaccination services.During the epidemic and time of local transmission of the coronavirus,HepB1,BCG,rabies vaccine for postexposure prophylaxis,and tetanus antitoxin(TAT)for wound prophylaxis were maintained at high levels.Of the 69 million vaccine doses postponed during the time of local transmission of the coronavirus,94% were administered in the catch-up campaign.China’s pandemic immunization practices may provide evidence for other countries’immunization programs. | Jing Wu Wenzhou Yu Lei Cao Lingsheng Cao Lance Rodewald Jiakai Ye Yifan Song Li Li Xiaoxue Liu Ning Wen Fuzhen Wang Lixin Hao Yixing Li Hui Zheng Keli Li Chao Ma Dan Wu Yanmin Liu Guomin Zhang Zhijie An Huaqing Wang Zundong Yin | 2020 | China CDC weekly2020，2，50： | 6 |
| 20 | Compliance among infants exposed to hepatitis B virus in a post-vaccination serological testing program in four provinces in China显示文摘Background:Mother to child transmission of hepatitis B virus(HBV)remains the most common form of HBV infection in China.Prevention of HBV vertical transmission involves timely administration of the complete hepatitis B vaccine(HepB)series and hepatitis B immunoglobulin.Post-vaccination serological testing(PVST)is utilized to determine an infant's outcome after HBV exposure and completion of HepB series.We aim to determine the frequency of compliance with a PVST testing cascade for HBV infected mothers and analyze factors associated with infant lost to follow up(LTFU).Methods:We conducted a retrospeaive cohort review of previously collected data in Fujian,Jiangxi,Zhejiang and Chongqing provinces in China from 1 June 2016-31 December 2017.The study population included all HBV-exposed infants and their mothers.SAS software was used for statistical analyses.Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses(presented in odds ratio[OR]with 95%confidence intervals[CI])were used to compare the proportional differences of factors associated with PVST not being completed.Results:Among enrolled 8474 target infants,40%of them transferred out of the study provinces without further information and 4988 were eligible for PVST.We found 20%(994)of infants were not compliant with the testing cascade:55%of LTFU occurred because parents refused venous blood sample collection or failure of sample collection in the field,16%transferred out after 6 months of age,and 10%of families chose to have independent,confidential PVST completed without reporting results.High PVST noncompliance rates were more likely to be from Fujian(aOR=17.0,95%CI:9.7-29.9),Zhejiang(aOR=5.7,95%Cl:3.2-10.1)and Jiangxi(aOR=1.9,95%CI:1.0-3.4),and from HBV e antigen positive mother(aOR=1.2,95%CI:1.1-1.4).Conclusions:This study found that the LTFU rate reached 20%in PVST program,which was a significant problem.We recommend implementing a national elearonic information system for tracking HBV at risk mother-infant pairs;encourage further research in developing a less invasive means of completing PVST,and take effective measures nationally to reduce HBV stigma.Without reducing the loss to follow up rate among infants eligible for PVST,elimination of vertical HBV transmission will be impossible. | Hui Zheng Guo-Min Zhang Po-Lin Chan Fu-Zhen Wang Lance Everett Rodewald Ning Miao Xiao-Jin Sun Zun-Dong Yin Jeffrey Edwards Hua-Qing Wang | 2019 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2019，8，4： | 5 |
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