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| 1 | On conservation and development of architecture and environment in the construction of large-scale national infrastructure——Exemplified by the Jiangsu Section of the Eastern Route South-to-North Water Diversion Project显示文摘The water-diverting route project’s characteristics,natural landscapes,and histories and humanism of the Jiangsu Section of the Eastern Route South-to-North Water Diversion Project were systemically analyzed through proposing and studying the canal culture routes,the water resources heritage corridors,the landscape and recreation corridors,and the town economic corridors.The station areas along the water-diverting route were scientifically zoned and graded through quantitative and qualitative synthetic methods.Both planning compendiums and construction controlling methods were proposed based on the project grades of points,lines,and areas.Conservation and development of architecture and environment in the large-scale national infrastructure construction were explored systemically.Theories and methods of developing harmonious water-supplying functions,ecological functions,landscape effects,and cultural effects of large-scale water resources were examined. | DUAN Jin ,LUO JianLi,WANG XingPing,TANG Jun&YU Gang School of Architecture,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096,China | 2009 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2009，52，12： | 1 |
| 2 | Study of Fractal Characteristics of the Cementation Index in Shale Gas显示文摘The description of pores and fracture structures is a consistently important issue and certainly a difficult problem, especially for shale or tight rocks. However, the exploitation of so-called unconventional energy, such as shale methane and tight-oil, has become more and more dependent on an understanding of the inner structure of these unconventional reservoirs. The inner structure of porous rocks is very difficult to describe quantitatively using normal mathematics, but fractal geometry, which is a powerful mathematical tool for describing irregularly-shaped objects, can be applied to these rocks. To some degree, the cementation index and tortuosity can be used to describe the complexity of these structures. The cementation index can be acquired through electro-lithology experiments, but, until now, tortuosity could not be quantitatively depicted. This research used the well-logging curves of a gas shale formation to reflect the characteristics of the rock formations, and the changes in the curves to indicate the changes of the rock matrix, the pores, the connections among the pores, the permeability, and the fluid type. The curves that are affected most by the rock lithology, such as gamma ray, acoustic logging, and deep resistivity curves, can provide significant information about the micro-or nanostructure of the rocks. If the rock structures have fractal characteristics, the logging curves will also have fractal properties. Based on the definition of a fractal dimension and the Hausdorff dimension, this paper presents a new methodology for calculating the fractal dimensions of logging curves. This paper also reveals the deep meaning of the rock cementation index, m, through the Hausdorff dimension, and provides a new equation to calculate this parameter through the resistivity and porosity of the formation. Although it represents a very important relationship between the saturation of hydrocarbons with pores and resistivity, the Archie formula was not available for shale and tight rock. The major reason for this was an incorrect understanding of the cementation index, and the calculation of saturation used a single m value from the bottom to the top of the well. Unfortunately, this processing method is clearly inappropriate for the intensely heterogeneous material that is shale and tight rock. This paper proposes a method of calculating m through well-logging curves based on a fractal geometry that can change with different lithologies, so that it would have more agreement with in situ scenarios than traditional methods. | LIU Hongqi LIU Shiqiong LUO Xingping SUN Yangsha TIAN Jie LIANG Lixi LIU Xiangjun | 2020 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2020，94，2： | 1 |
| 3 | Watermelon domestication was shaped by stepwise selection and regulation of the metabolome显示文摘Although crop domestication has greatly aided human civilization,the sequential domestication and regulation of most quality traits remain poorly understood.Here,we report the stepwise selection and regulation of major fruit quality traits that occurred during watermelon evolution.The levels of fruit cucurbitacins and flavonoids were negatively selected during speciation,whereas sugar and carotenoid contents were positively selected during domestication.Interestingly,fruit malic acid and citric acid showed the opposite selection trends during the improvement.We identified a novel gene cluster(CGC1,cucurbitacin gene cluster on chromosome 1)containing both regulatory and structural genes involved in cucurbitacin biosynthesis,which revealed a cascade of transcriptional regulation operating mechanisms.In the CGC1,an allele caused a single nucleotide change in Cl ERF1 binding sites(GCC-box)in the promoter of Cl Bh1,which resulted in reduced expression of Cl Bh1 and inhibition of cucurbitacin synthesis in cultivated watermelon.Functional analysis revealed that a rare insertion of 244 amino acids,which arose in C.amarus and became fixed in sweet watermelon,in Cl OSC(oxidosqualene cyclase)was critical for the negative selection of cucurbitacins during watermelon evolution.This research provides an important resource for metabolomics-assisted breeding in watermelon and for exploring metabolic pathway regulation mechanisms. | Pingli Yuan Congping Xu Nan He Xuqiang Lu Xingping Zhang Jianli Shang Hongju Zhu Chengsheng Gong Hanhui Kuang Tang Tang Yong Xu Shuangwu Ma Dexi Sun Weiqin Zhang Muhammad J.Umer Jian Shi Alisdair R.Fernie Wenge Liu Jie Luo | 2023 | Science China(Life Sciences)2023，66，3： | 0 |
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