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| 1 | Single photon response of superconducting nanowire single photon detector显示文摘Single photon detection is one of the key technologies for quantum key distribution in quantum communication. As a novel single photon detection technology, superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) surpasses conventional semiconducting single photon detectors with high count rate and low dark count rate. In this article, we introduce SNSPD fabricated from NbN ultrathin superconducting film and lab-based SNSPD system. The characteristics of single photon response pulse of SNSPD are analyzed in detail. Also discussed is the relationship between waveform of single photon response and system bandwidth. Circuit model is made to analyze the performance of SNSPD. The simulation result agrees well with the experimental data. Those results are valuable for understanding the mechanism of SNSPD and building future SNSPD system for quantum communication. | YOU LiXing SHEN XiaoFang YANG XiaoYan | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，4： | 11 |
| 2 | NbN superconducting nanowire single photon detector with efficiency over 90% at 1550 nm wavelength operational at compact cryocooler temperature显示文摘The rapid development of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors over the past decade has led to numerous advances in quantum information technology. The record for the best system detection efficiency at an incident photon wavelength of 1550 nm is 93%. This performance was attained from a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector made of amorphous WSi; such detectors are usually operated at sub-Kelvin temperatures. In this study, we first demonstrate superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors made of polycrystalline NbN with system detection efficiency of 90.2% for 1550-nm-wavelength photons at2.1 K, accessible with a compact cryocooler. The system detection efficiency saturated at 92.1% when the temperature was lowered to 1.8 K. We expect the results lighten the practical and high performance superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors to quantum information and other high-end applications. | WeiJun Zhang LiXing You Hao Li Jia Huang ChaoLin Lv Lu Zhang XiaoYu Liu JunJie Wu Zhen Wang XiaoMing Xie | 2017 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2017，60，12： | 9 |
| 3 | Superconducting nanowire single-photon detection system and demonstration in quantum key distribution显示文摘We developed a superconducting nanowire single-photon detection(SNSPD) system based on Gifford-McMahon cryocooler for quantum communication applications.Environmental factors which may influence the system performance are intensively studied.Those factors include temperature fluctuations,the ambient magnetic field and the background radiation.By optimizing the bias circuit,the stability of SNSPD system to electrical noise and disturbance was effectively enhanced,thus making it more suitable for field application.A 4-channel SNSPD system with quantum efficiency higher than 4% at the dark count rate of 10 Hz for λ=1550 nm is integrated and applied into a quantum key distribution(QKD) experiment.QKD was successfully carried out over 100 km optical fiber with the final secure key rate of 1.6 kbps and the quantum bit error rate of less than 2%. | CHEN SiJing LIU DengKuan YOU LiXing WANG YongLiang QIU LongQing XIE XiaoMing JIANG MianHeng CHEN TengYun LIU Yang MIKI Shigehito WANG Zhen | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，10： | 4 |
| 4 | Experimental Gaussian Boson sampling显示文摘Gaussian Boson sampling(GBS) provides a highly efficient approach to make use of squeezed states from parametric down-conversion to solve a classically hard-to-solve sampling problem. The GBS protocol not only significantly enhances the photon generation probability, compared to standard Boson sampling with single photon Fock states, but also links to potential applications such as dense subgraph problems and molecular vibronic spectra. Here, we report the first experimental demonstration of GBS using squeezed-state sources with simultaneously high photon indistinguishability and collection efficiency.We implement and validate 3-, 4- and 5-photon GBS with high sampling rates of 832, 163 and 23 kHz,respectively, which is more than 4.4, 12.0, and 29.5 times faster than the previous experiments.Further, we observe a quantum speed-up on a NP-hard optimization problem when comparing with simulated thermal sampler and uniform sampler. | Han-Sen Zhong Li-Chao Peng Yuan Li Yi Hu Wei Li Jian Qin Dian Wu Weijun Zhang Hao Li Lu Zhang Zhen Wang Lixing You Xiao Jiang Li Li Nai-Le Liu Jonathan P.Dowling Chao-Yang Lu Jian-Wei Pan | 2019 | Science Bulletin2019，64，8： | 3 |
| 5 | Photon-counting distributed free-space spectroscopy显示文摘Spectroscopy is a well-established nonintrusive tool that has played an important role in identifying and quantifying substances,from quantum descriptions to chemical and biomedical diagnostics.Challenges exist in accurate spectrum analysis in free space,which hinders us from understanding the composition of multiple gases and the chemical processes in the atmosphere.A photon-counting distributed free-space spectroscopy is proposed and demonstrated using lidar technique,incorporating a comb-referenced frequency-scanning laser and a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector.It is suitable for remote spectrum analysis with a range resolution over a wide band.As an example,a continuous field experiment is carried out over 72 h to obtain the spectra of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and semi-heavy water(HDO,isotopic water vapor)in 6 km,with a range resolution of 60 m and a time resolution of 10 min.Compared to the methods that obtain only column-integrated spectra over kilometer-scale,the range resolution is improved by 2-3 orders of magnitude in this work.The CO_(2)and HDO concentrations are retrieved from the spectra acquired with uncertainties as low as±1.2%and±14.3%,respectively.This method holds much promise for increasing knowledge of atmospheric environment and chemistry researches,especially in terms of the evolution of complex molecular spectra in open areas. | Saifen Yu Zhen Zhang Haiyun Xia Xiankang Dou Tengfei Wu Yihua Hu Manyi Li Mingjia Shangguan Tianwen Wei Lijie Zhao Lu Wang Pu Jiang Chengjun Zhang Lixing You Leigang Tao Jiawei Qiu | 2021 | Light(Science & Applications)2021，10，11： | 1 |
| 6 | Supercontinuum single-photon detector using multilayer superconducting nanowires显示文摘High-efficiency superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors(SNSPDs), which have numerous applications in quantum information systems, function by using the optical cavity and the ultrasensitive photon response of their ultra-thin superconducting nanowires. However, the wideband response of superconducting nanowires is limited due to the resonance of the traditional optical cavity. Here, we report on a supercontinuum SNSPD that can efficiently detect single photons over an ultra-broad spectral range from visible to mid-infrared light. Our detection approach relies on using multiple cavities with well-separated absorbed resonances formed by fabricating multilayer superconducting nanowires on metallic mirrors with silica acting as spacer layers. Thus, we are able to extend the absorption spectral bandwidth while maintaining considerable efficiency, as opposed to a conventional single-layer SNSPD. Our calculations show that the proposed supercontinuum SNSPD exhibits an extended absorption bandwidth with increased nanowire layers. Its absorption efficiency is greater than 70%over the entire range from 400 to 2500 nm(or 400 to 3000 nm), when using two-layer(or three-layer) nanowires.As a proof of principle, the SNSPD with bilayer nanowires is fabricated based on the proposed detector architecture with simplified geometrical parameters. The detector achieves broadband detection efficiency over 60%from 950 to 1650 nm. This type of detector may replace multiple narrow band detectors in a system and find uses in the emerging and rapidly advancing field of atomic and molecular broadband spectroscopy. | HAO LI YONG WANG LIXING YOU HEQING WANG HUI ZHOU PENG HU WEIJUN ZHANG XIAOYU LIU XIAOYAN YANG LU ZHANG ZHEN WANG XIAOMING XIE | 2019 | Photonics Research2019，7，12： | 1 |
| 7 | Harmonic mixing of Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_(8+x)intrinsic junction at millimeter waveband显示文摘Using intrinsic Josephson junctions in Ba2Sr2CaCu2O8+x single crystal, harmonic frequency mixing at 8 and 3 mm wavebands was successfully demonstrated at liquid nitrogen temperatures with harmonic numbers up to 68 and 50 respectively. The dependences of intermediate frequency output on the local oscillator power and dc bias were carefully studied. | XU Weiwei, ZHOU Gandong, SHAN Wenlei, YOU Lixing, YANG Senzu, Jl Zhengming, FENG Yijun, CHENG Qiheng and WU PeihengDepartment of Electronic Science and Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，13： | 0 |
| 8 | Hertz-rate metropolitan quantum teleportation显示文摘Quantum teleportation can transfer an unknown quantum state between distant quantum nodes,which holds great promise in enabling large-scale quantum networks.To advance the full potential of quantum teleportation,quantum states must be faithfully transferred at a high rate over long distance.Despite recent impressive advances,a high-rate quantum teleportation system across metropolitan fiber networks is extremely desired.Here,we demonstrate a quantum teleportation system which transfers quantum states carried by independent photons at a rate of 7.1±0.4 Hz over 64-km-long fiber channel.An average single-photon fidelity of≥90.6±2.6%is achieved,which exceeds the maximum fidelity of 2/3 in classical regime.Our result marks an important milestone towards quantum networks and opens the door to exploring quantum entanglement based informatic applications for the future quantum internet. | Si Shen Chenzhi Yuan Zichang Zhang Hao Yu Ruiming Zhang Chuanrong Yang Hao Li Zhen Wang You Wang Guangwei Deng Haizhi Song Lixing You Yunru Fan Guangcan Guo Qiang Zhou | 2023 | Light(Science & Applications)2023，12，6： | 0 |
| 9 | Superconducting X-ray detectors显示文摘Owing to their high sensitivity and low noise,superconducting detectors are used for photon detection from microwave to high-energy particles.X-ray detection plays an important role in materials analysis,astronomy,and medical radiography,which require high efficiency as well as high energy resolution.However,traditional semiconducting detectors cannot fulfill these requirements.In this article,we review superconducting quantum detectors for X-ray detection,including transition-edge sensor(TES),superconducting tunneling junctions(STJs),kinetic inductance detectors(KIDs)and superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors(SNSPDs),and introduce the physical structures,working mechanisms,and device behaviors of these detectors.We also review their performances regarding X-ray detection and analyze their respective characteristics.According to recent progress and the requirements of various applications,possible improvement of superconducting detectors for X-rays are discussed. | Can YANG Mengting SI Lixing YOU | 2020 | Science China(Information Sciences)2020，63，8： | 0 |
| 10 | Ultralow-filling-factor superconducting nanowire single-photon detector utilizing a 2D photonic crystal显示文摘Superconducting nanowires enable the operation of outstanding single-photon detectors,which are required particularly for quantum information and weak-light measurement applications.However,the trade-off between detection speed and efficiency,which is related to the filling factors of superconducting nanowires,is still a challenge.Here,we propose a fast,efficient single-photon detector fabricated by integrating ultralow-filling-factor meandered superconducting nanowires atop a photonic crystal(PhC)resonator.This unique structure enables a fast photon response due to the low kinetic inductance of the short nanowires and ensures efficient photon absorption due to the resonant effect of the PhC structure.The proposed detector has a filling factor of only~12% while maintaining a high maximum absorption in our simulation of 90%.The fabricated device exhibits a maximum system detection efficiency of 60%,a maximum count rate of~80 MHz,and a recovery time of only~12 ns,which is three times faster than that of the conventional meandered structure at the same sensing diameter(18μm).This work helps advance the movement toward high-efficiency,high-speed single-photon detectors and promotes their future application in quantum communication and imaging. | YOU XIAO XIYUAN CAO XIAOYU LIU LIANXI JIA JIA HUANG HAO LI AIMIN WU ZHEN WANG LIXING YOU | 2023 | Photonics Research2023，11，12： | 0 |
| 11 | Geometric origin of intrinsic dark counts in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors显示文摘The dark count is one of the key physical issues for superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors(SNSPDs)that limits various applications for optical quantum information and classical optics.When the bias current approaches the switching current of SNSPDs,the dark count is actually dominated by the intrinsic dark counts(iDCs).However,the origin of iDCs and its relation to constrictions remains unclear for practical SNSPDs.We herein systematically characterize the iDCs of the SNSPDs with and without artificial geometric constrictions by applying the differential readout method.For these devices with constrictions,we have observed distinct Gaussian distributions in the temporal distribution of iDCs,in which the time difference between the distributions is consistent with the geometric distance between constrictions,and the rates of iDCs produced by each constriction are in good agreement with constrictions'widths.With respect to practical SNSPDs,surprisingly,we also observe several Gaussian distributions in the temporal domain and it shows no significant dependence on the devices’sizes,demonstrating that the iDCs of SNSPDs are mainly dominated by a few specific constrictions. | Xingyu Zhang Xiaofu Zhang Jia Huang Can Yang Lixing You Xiaoyu Liu Peng Hu You Xiao Wenying Zhang Yongliang Wang Lingyun Li Zhen Wang Hao Li | 2022 | Superconductivity2022，，1： | 0 |
| 12 | Spectrally multiplexed indistinguishable single-photon generation at telecom-band显示文摘Heralded single-photon source(HSPS)intrinsically suffers from the trade-off between the heralded single-photon rate and the single-photon purity.To break through this trade-off,one can apply multiplexing technology in different degrees of freedom that significantly improves the performance of the HSPS.Here,we propose a 1.5μm chip-scale HSPS on lithium niobate on insulator by employing spectral multiplexing and active feedforward spectral manipulating,and we demonstrate a proof-of-principle experiment with discrete fiber-based components.With continuous-wave laser pumping and three spectral modes multiplexed,our experimental results show that the spectral multiplexing improves the heralded single-photon rate by near threefold while keeping the g^((2))(0)as low as 0.0006±0.0001 at a measured single-photon rate of 3.1 kHz.By measuring the joint spectral intensity,we show that the spectral multiplexing and feed-forward control effectively erase the frequency correlation of photon pairs.Moreover,we implement the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between the spectrally multiplexed single photons and photons from an independent weak coherence source,which indicates that the multiplexed single photons are highly indistinguishable after the spectral manipulation.Our results pave a way for on-chip scalable and high-performance HSPS with spectral multiplexing toward deterministic single-photon emission. | HAO YU CHENZHI YUAN RUIMING ZHANG ZICHANG ZHANG HAO LI YOU WANG GUANGWEI DENG LIXING YOU HAIZHI SONG ZHIMING WANG GUANG-CAN GUO QIANG ZHOU | 2022 | Photonics Research2022，10，6： | 0 |
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