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| 1 | Systematic review and meta-analysis of esophageal cancer in Africa:Epidemiology, risk factors, management and outcomes显示文摘BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer(EC)is associated with a poor prognosis,particularly so in Africa where an alarmingly high mortality to incidence ratio prevails for this disease.AIM To provide further understanding of EC in the context of the unique cultural and genetic diversity,and socio-economic challenges faced on the African continent.METHODS We performed a systematic review of studies from Africa to obtain data on epidemiology,risk factors,management and outcomes of EC.A non-systematic review was used to obtain incidence data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer,and the Cancer in Sub-Saharan reports.We searched EMBASE,PubMed,Web of Science,and Cochrane Central from inception to March 2019 and reviewed the list of articles retrieved.Random effects metaanalyses were used to assess heterogeneity between studies and to obtain odds ratio(OR)of the associations between EC and risk factors;and incidence rate ratios for EC between sexes with their respective 95%confidence intervals(CI).RESULTS The incidence of EC is higher in males than females,except in North Africa where it is similar for both sexes.The highest age-standardized rate is from Malawi(30.3 and 19.4 cases/year/100000 population for males and females,respectively)followed by Kenya(28.7 cases/year/100000 population for both sexes).The incidence of EC rises sharply after the age of 40 years and reaches a peak at 75 years old.Meta-analysis shows a strong association with tobacco(OR 3.15,95%CI:2.83-3.50).There was significant heterogeneity between studies on alcohol consumption(OR 2.28,95%CI:1.94-2.65)and on low socioeconomic status(OR 139,95%CI:1.25-1.54)as risk factors,but these could also contribute to increasing the incidence of EC.The best treatment outcomes were with esophagectomy with survival rates of 76.6%at 3 years,and chemo-radiotherapy with an overall combined survival time of 267.50 d.CONCLUSION Africa has high incidence and mortality rates of EC,with preventable and nonmodifiable risk factors.Men in this setting are at increased risk due to their higher prevalence of tobacco and alcohol consumption.Management requires a multidisciplinary approach,and survival is significantly improved in the setting of esophagectomy and chemoradiation therapy. | Akwi W Asombang Nathaniel Chishinga Alick Nkhoma Jackson Chipaila Bright Nsokolo Martha Manda-Mapalo Joao Filipe G Montiero Lewis Banda Kulwinder S Dua | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，31： | 9 |
| 2 | Model combining pre-transplant tumor biomarkers and tumor size shows more utility in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and survival than the BALAD models显示文摘AIM To assess the performance of BALAD, BALAD-2 and their component biomarkers in predicting outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients after liver transplant.METHODS BALAD score and BALAD-2 class are derived from bilirubin, albumin, alpha-fetoprotein(AFP), Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP(AFP-L3), and des-gammacarboxyprothrombin(DCP). Pre-transplant AFP, AFP-L3 and DCP were measured in 113 patients transplanted for HCC from 2000 to 2008. Hazard ratios(HR) for recurrence and death were calculated. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted. C-statistics were used to compare biomarker-based to predictive models. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.2 years, 38 patients recurred and 87 died. The HRs for recurrence in patients with elevated AFP, AFP-L3, and DCP defined by BALAD cut-off values were 2.42(1.18-5.00), 1.86(0.98-3.52), and 2.83(1.42-5.61), respectively. For BALAD, the HRs for recurrence and death per unit increased score were 1.48(1.15-1.91) and 1.59(1.28-1.97). For BALAD-2, the HRs for recurrence and death per unit increased class were 1.45(1.06-1.98) and 1.38(1.09-1.76). For recurrence prediction, the combination of three biomarkers had the highest c-statistic of 0.66 vs. 0.64, 0.61, 0.53, and 0.53 for BALAD, BALAD-2, Milan, and UCSF, respectively. Similarly, for death prediction, the combination of three biomarkers had the highest c-statistic of 0.66 vs 0.65,0.61, 0.52, and 0.50 for BALAD, BALAD-2, Milan, and UCSF. A new model combining biomarkers with tumor size at the time of transplant(S-LAD) demonstrated the highest predictive capability with c-statistics of 0.71 and 0.69 for recurrence and death. CONCLUSION BALAD and BALAD-2 are valid in transplant HCC patients, but less predictive than the three biomarkers in combination or the three biomarkers in combination with maximal tumor diameter(S-LAD). | Nicha Wongjarupong Gabriela M Negron-Ocasio Roongruedee Chaiteerakij Benyam D Addissie Essa A Mohamed Kristin C Mara William S Harmsen J Paul Theobald Brian E Peters Joseph G Balsanek Melissa M Ward Nasra H Giama Sudhakar K Venkatesh Denise M Harnois Michael R Charlton Hiroyuki Yamada Alicia Algeciras-Schimnich Melissa R Snyder Terry M Therneau Lewis R Roberts | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，12： | 5 |
| 3 | Pancreatic cancer: Are 'liquid biopsies' ready for prime-time?显示文摘Pancreatic cancer is a disease that carries a poor prognosis. Accurate tissue diagnosis is required. Tumours contain a high content of stromal tissue and therefore biopsies may be inconclusive. Circulating tumour cells(CTCs) have been investigated as a potential 'liquid biopsy' in several malignancies and have proven to be of prognostic value in breast, prostate and colorectal cancers. They have been detected in patients with localised and metastatic pancreatic cancer with sensitivities ranging from 38%-100% using a variety of platforms. Circulating tumour DNA(ct DNA) has also been detected in pancreas cancer with a sensitivity ranging from 26%-100% in studies across different platforms and using different genetic markers. However, there is no clear consensus on which platform is the most effective for detection, nor which genetic markers are the most useful to use. Potential roles of liquid biopsies include diagnosis, screening, guiding therapies and prognosis. The presence of CTCs or ct DNA has been shown to be of prognostic value both at diagnosis and after treatment in patients with pancreatic cancer. However, more prospective studies are required before this promising technology is ready for adoption into routine clinical practice. | Alexandra R Lewis Juan W Valle Mairead G Mc Namara | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，32： | 5 |
| 4 | 轿车柴油机进气门与座圈磨损机理的研究显示文摘采用台式试验装置来研究轿车柴油机进气门与座圈的磨损机理,所用的台式试验装置按模拟进气门与座圈的负荷环境和接触条件而设计的。研究表明进气门与座圈的磨损问题包括两种不同的机理:气门关闭时的落座冲击和燃烧压力作用下气门在座圈上的滑动。研究表明,磨损的主要机理与各种关键的工作状态有关,例如气门的关闭速度、燃烧负荷、气门相对气门座的不对中性以及气门和座圈的材料选择等。 | Lewis R Dwyer-Joyce R S Josey G 史大德 | 2000 | 国外内燃机2000，，4： | 2 |
| 5 | Effect of two opposing changes in photoperiod upon age at first egg and related traits in layer - hybrid pullets 显示文摘 | Lewis P D Perry G C Morris T R | 2003 | Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge2003，140，： | 1 |
| 6 | Thiazolo pyrimidines: 1 : synthesis and anti-human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) activity in-vitro of certain alkyl derivatives显示文摘 | Lewis A F Revankar G R Fennewald S M | 1995 | J Heterocycl Chem1995，32，20： | 1 |
| 7 | Role of oxidative changes in the degeneration of dopamine terminals after injection of neurotoxic levels of dopamine显示文摘 | Rabinovic A D Lewis D A Hastings T G | 2000 | Neuroscience2000，101，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Super-resolution land cover pattern prediction using a Hopfield neural network 显示文摘 | TATEM A J LEWIS H G ATKINSON P M NIXON M S | 2002 | Remote Sensing of Environment2002，，： | 1 |
| 9 | Effect of size and timing of photoperiod increase on age at first egg and subsequent performance of two breeds of laying hen显示文摘 | Lewis P Perry G Morris T | 1997 | Brit Pouh Sci1997，38，： | 1 |
| 10 | New Triterpenoid Extractives from Lemaireocereus chichipe显示文摘 | Khong P W Lewis K G | 1975 | Aust J Chem1975，28，： | 1 |
| 11 | Handmade somatic cell cloning in cattle:analysis of factors contributing to high efficiency in vitro显示文摘 | Vajta G Lewis I M Trounson A O | 2003 | Biol Reprod2003，68，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Metal enrichment in bauxites by deposition of chemically mature aeoli- an dust 显示文摘 | Brimhall G H Lewis X J Ague J J Detroit W E Hanpel J Rix P | 1988 | Nature1988，333，： | 1 |
| 13 | Invasive fungal infections in patients with hematologic malignancies in a tertiary care cancer center:an autopsy study over a 15-year period (1989-2003)显示文摘 | Chamilos G Luna M Lewis RE | 2006 | Haematologica2006，91，7： | 1 |
| 14 | Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nehropathy due to type 2 diabtes显示文摘 | Edmund J Lewis MD Lawrence G | 2001 | The New England Journal of Medicine2001，12，345： | 1 |
| 15 | Hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) of fluorocarbon and organosilicon thin films显示文摘 | Lau K K S Lewis H G P Limb S J | 2001 | Thin Solid Films2001，395，12： | 1 |
| 16 | Molecular basis of calcium sig-naling in lymphocytes:STIM and ORAI显示文摘 | Hogan P G Lewis R S Rao A | 2010 | Annu Rev Immuno2010，28，： | 1 |
| 17 | Injectable bone cements for use in vertebroplasty and ky- phoplasty:state-of-the-art review 显示文摘 | Lewis G | 2006 | J Biomed Mater Res B App| Biomater2006，76，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Finite-time distributed con- sensus via binary control protocols 显示文摘 | Chen G Lewis F L Xie L H | 2011 | Automatica2011，47，9： | 1 |
| 19 | Comb Polymer Architecture Effects on Rheological Property Evolution of Concentrated Cement Suspensions 显示文摘 | Kirby G H Lewis J A | 2004 | J Am Ceram Soc2004，87，9： | 1 |
| 20 | Effects of delaying fluid resuscitation on an iniury to the systemic arterial vasculature显示文摘 | Holmes JF Sakles JC Lewis G | 2002 | Acad Emerg Med2002，9，4： | 1 |
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