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| 1 | Ms8.0汶川地震产生的应力变化空间分布及其对地震活动性的影响显示文摘采用已公布的5个震源破裂模型,计算了Ms8.0汶川地震产生的库仑破裂应力变化,分析了应力变化与后续地震活动空间分布的相关性.以震源模型引起的不确定性分析为基础,研究了汶川地震在周边断裂上引起的库仑应力变化,并重点探讨了应力变化引起的地震活动性随时间的相对变化趋势.结果表明,以Ji模型和王卫民模型计算出的应力变化空间分布较好地与后续地震活动的空间分布相对应.最大的应力减小区主要分布于震源断层的东西两侧,最大的应力增加区分布于震源断层面以及断层面南北两个端部的邻近区域,此外还有一个北西-南东向的显著增加区位于主震断层面南段附近的汶川-映秀一带,该区域已发生了较多的余震活动,且地震活动呈现继续扩散的趋势,是未来地震危险性较高的地区.汶川地震引起了周边多数断裂不同程度的地震活动性增强,活动性增强最显著的是彭县-灌县断裂和青川断裂,未来100年内都维持在震前的2倍以上,地震活动恢复至背景水平所需的时间基本都达到800~900年;西秦岭南缘断裂、龙泉山断裂、鲜水河断裂、玉龙希断裂、安宁河断裂、岷江断裂和阿坝断裂的地震活动性受汶川地震的影响较小,震后地震活动率与震前相比不足2倍,并且扰动恢复时间较短.因抚边河断裂和虎牙断裂处于应力减小区域,未来地震活动性可能会减弱.受到汶川地震产生的应力变化影响,青川断裂和彭县-灌县断裂的未来发震危险性较高. | 解朝娣 朱元清 Xinglin LEI 于海英 虎雄林 | 2010 | 中国科学:地球科学2010，40，6： | 48 |
| 2 | Growing seismicity in the Sichuan Basin and its association with industrial activities显示文摘In the Sichuan Basin,seismic activity has been low historically,but in the past few decades,a series of moderate to strong earthquakes have occurred.Especially since 2015,earthquake activity has seen an unprecedented continuous growth trend,and the magnitude of events is increasing.Following the M5.7 Xingwen earthquake on 18 Dec.2018,which was suggested to be induced by shale gas hydraulic fracturing,a swarm of earthquakes with a maximum magnitude up to M6.0 struck Changning and the surrounding counties.Questions arose about the possible involvement of industrial actions in these destructive events.In fact,underground fluid injection in salt mine fields has been occurring in the Sichuan Basin for more than70 years.Disposal of wastewater in natural gas fields has also continued for about 40 years.Since 2008,injection for shale gas development in the southern Sichuan Basin has increased rapidly.The possible link between the increasing seismicity and increasing injection activity is an important issue.Although surrounded by seismically active zones to the southwest and northwest,the Sichuan Basin is a rather stable region with a wide range of geological settings.First,we present a brief review of earthquakes of magnitude 5 or higher since 1600 to obtain the long-term event rate and explore the possible link between the rapidly increasing trend of seismic activity and industrial injection activities in recent decades.Second,based on a review of previous research results,combined with the latest data,we describe a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics and occurrence conditions of natural and injection-induced major seismic clusters in the Sichuan Basin since 1700.Finally,we list some conclusions and insights,which provide a better understanding of why damaging events occur so that they can either be avoided or mitigated,point out scientific questions that need urgent research,and propose a general framework based on geomechanics for assessment and management of earthquake-related risks. | Xinglin LEI Jinrong SU Zhiwei WANG | 2020 | Science China Earth Sciences2020，63，11： | 27 |
| 3 | Possible link between long-term and short-term water injections and earthquakes in salt mine and shale gas site in Changning,south Sichuan Basin, China显示文摘Late at night on 17 June 2019,a magnitude 6.0 earthquake struck Shuanghe Town and its surrounding area in Changning County,Sichuan,China,becoming the largest earthquake recorded within the southern Sichuan Basin.A series of earthquakes with magnitudes up to 5.6 occurred during a short period after the mainshock,and we thus refer to these earthquakes as the Changning M6 earthquake sequence(or swarm).The mainshock was located very close to a salt mine,into which for^3 decades fresh water had been extensively injected through several wells at a depth of 2.7–3 km.It was also near(within^15 km)the epicenter of the 18 December 2018 M5.7 Xingwen earthquake,which is thought to have been induced by shale gas hydraulic fracturing(HF),prompting questions about the possible involvement of industrial activities in the M6 sequence.Following previous studies,this paper focuses on the relationship between injection and seismicity in the Shuanghe salt field and its adjacent Shangluo shale gas block.Except for a period of serious water loss after the start of cross-well injection in 2005–2006,the frequency of earthquakes shows a slightly increasing tendency.Overall,there is a good correlation between the event rate in the Shuanghe area and the loss of injected water.More than 400 M≥3 earthquakes,including 40 M≥4 and 5 M≥5 events,had been observed by the end of August 2019.Meanwhile,in the Shangluo area,seismicity has increased during drilling and HF operations(mostly in vertical wells)since about 2009,and dramatically since the end of 2014,coincident with the start of systematic HF in the area.The event rate shows a progressively increasing background with some fluctuations,paralleling the increase in HF operations.More than 700 M≥3 earthquakes,including 10 M≥4 and 3 M≥5 in spatially and temporally clustered seismic events,are correlated closely with active fracturing platforms.Well-resolved centroid moment tensor results for M≥4 earthquakes were shown to occur at very shallow depths around shale formations with active HF,in agreement with some of the clusters,which occurred within the coverage area of temporary or new permanent monitoring stations and thus have been precisely located.After the Xingwen M5.7 earthquake,seismic activity in the salt well area increased significantly.The Xingwen earthquake may have created a unidirectional rupture to the NNW,with an end point close to the NW-trending fault of the Shuanghe earthquake.Thus,a fault in the Changning anticline might have terminated the fault rupture of the Xingwen earthquake,possibly giving the Xingwen earthquake a role in promoting the Changning M6 event. | XingLin Lei ZhiWei Wang JinRong Su | 2019 | Earth and Planetary Physics2019，3，6： | 24 |
| 4 | Pattern of stress change and its effect on seismicity rate caused by M_s8.0 Wenchuan earthquake显示文摘We use five published source models to calculate the Coulomb failure stress changes induced by the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, and analyze the association between stress changes and the subsequent earthquakes. Based on the analysis of uncertainties resulting from source models, we determine the stress changes on nearby faults caused by the Wenchuan earthquake. Moreover, we focus on the seismicity rate change as a function of time on every fault under the influence of stress changes. The results indicate that the spatial distributions of aftershocks correlate well with the regions where stress is calculated to increase using the related models. The largest lobes of dropped stress lie in the west and east sides of source fault. The largest lobes of increased failure stress close to southern and northern ends of the source fault extend into the whole source failure plane. In addition, another region of increased stress lies in the Wenchuan-Yingxiu zone close to the southern segment of source fault, where a large number of aftershocks have occurred. And subsequent earthquakes seem to extend to even more remote distances; therefore, this area also has a high risk of seismic hazard. We find that the positive stress changes on nearby faults imposed by the Wenchuan earthquake produce an encouraging effect on seismicity rate. The effect is most significant on the Pengxian-Guanxian fault and Qingchuan fault, the value of seismicity rate maintains two times greater than the value before the mainshock for the next hundred years on these faults, and the time needed for the aftershock rate to recover to the pre-mainshock seismicity rate can reach up to 800-900 yr. The influence is not significant on the western Qinling fault, the Longquanshan fault, the Xianshuihe fault, the Yulongxi fault, the Anninghe fault, the Minjiang fault, and the Aba fault. Compared with the seismicity rate on these faults before the mainshock, the aftershock rate is raised by less than two times, and the time of perturbation duration is not long. The stress changes on the Fubianhe fault and Huya fault are negative, which reduce the seismicity for the next thousand years. Under the influence of stress changes caused by the Wenchuan earthquake, both Pengxian-Guanxian fault and Qingchuan fault have a high risk of earthquake occurrence. | XIE ChaoDi ZHU YuanQing LEI XingLin YU HaiYing HU XiongLin | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，9： | 17 |
| 5 | Laboratory acoustic emission study for earthquake generation process显示文摘Since the similarity in size distribution of earthquakes and acoustic emissions(AE) was found in the1960 s, many laboratory studies have been motivated by the need to provide tools for the prediction of mining failures and natural earthquakes. This paper aims, on the one hand,to draw an outline of laboratory AE studies in the last50 years, which have addressed seismological problems.Topics include the power laws in which the similarity between AEs and earthquakes is involved and progress that has been made in AE technology and laboratory AE study.On the other hand, this study will highlight some key issues intensively discussed, especially in the last three decades,such as aspects related to the pre-failure damage evolution,fault nucleation and growth in brittle rocks and discuss factors governing these processes. | Xinglin Lei Shengli Ma | 2014 | Earthquake Science2014，27，6： | 12 |
| 6 | 鄂尔多斯块体周缘地区近期地震活动性与汶川地震应力触发作用的关系显示文摘采用β统计对汶川地震前后鄂尔多斯块体周缘地区的地震活动率进行了空间扫描分析,并采用JiChen的震源破裂模型计算了汶川地震产生的库仑破裂应力变化,以研究鄂尔多斯块体周缘地区近期地震活动性与汶川地震应力触发作用的关系。结果发现,鄂尔多斯块体西南缘弧形断裂束的南东段与南缘渭河盆地的地震活动率在汶川地震后提高显著,其他区域的地震活动率没有明显提高,库仑破裂应力计算得到两个区域的应力变化范围分别为0.005~0.02 MPa和0.001~0.01 MPa,表明汶川地震有可能触发了这两个区域的地震活动。鄂尔多斯块体东缘的山西断陷带处于库仑破裂应力计算的应力增加区,应力变化范围为0~0.012 MPa,2009年3月以来发生的4次ML4.5~5.2级强有感至微破坏地震有可能被汶川地震所延迟触发。b值、地震能量释放率与空间相关距离SCL等地震活动性参数随时间变化扫描结果显示,该区域可能处于不断趋近高应力累积的状态,其未来大震有可能提前发生。西缘地区为应力减小区,其目前的地震活动处于正常水平状态。 | 朱艾斓 解朝娣 徐锡伟 周永胜 Lei Xinglin 王亚丽 | 2010 | 地学前缘2010，17，5： | 10 |
| 7 | 潮汐应力对2007年M_s6.4宁洱地震震源断层成核失稳过程的影响显示文摘在潮汐库仑破裂应力计算和相关性检验的基础上,采用速率-状态依赖性摩擦本构关系,进行潮汐应力对宁洱地震震源断层成核失稳过程影响的数值模拟研究,并讨论潮汐正应力和潮汐剪应力在潮汐应力触发中的作用,以及应力的振幅和周期振荡性对潮汐触发的影响.结果发现,宁洱地震与潮汐应力之间存在潮汐触发相关性.宁洱地震震源断层的成核过程存在一个转变周期,当潮汐应力周期接近和大于转变周期时,潮汐应力的周期性将直接影响潮汐触发作用的效果.潮汐应力振幅值的增加也有助于潮汐应力对断层地震成核失稳过程的影响,正应力和剪应力振幅值的影响效果差别不大,但是潮汐剪应力比正应力能更迅速的起到潮汐触发作用.潮汐应力触发地震的过程中,主要是正值的潮汐正应力和剪应力对地震起到触发作用,而负值的潮汐应力对断层的影响小于正值的潮汐应力,断层对负的潮汐应力不敏感. | 解朝娣 LEI XingLin 吴小平 付虹 熊子瑶 虎雄林 李莎 | 2015 | 中国科学:地球科学2015，45，9： | 10 |
| 8 | A laboratory acoustic emission experiment and numerical simulation of rock fracture driven by a high-pressure fluid source显示文摘In order to improve our understanding of rock fracture and fault instability driven by high-pressure fluid sources, the authors carried out rock fracture tests using granite under a confining pressure of 80 MPa with fluid injection in the laboratory. Furthermore, we tested a number of numerical models using the FLAC^(3D) modeling software to find the best model to represent the experimental results. The high-speed multichannel acoustic emission(AE) waveform recording system used in this study made it possible to examine the total fracture process through detailed monitoring of AE hypocenters and seismic velocity.The experimental results show that injecting high-pressure oil into the rock sample can induce AE activity at very low stress levels and can dramatically reduce the strength of the rock. The results of the numerical simulations show that major experimental results, including the strength, the temporal and spatial patterns of the AE events, and the role of the fluid can be represented fairly well by a model involving(1) randomly distributed defect elements to model pre-existing cracks,(2) random modification of rock properties to represent inhomogeneity introduced by different mineral grains, and(3)macroscopic inhomogeneity. Our study, which incorporates laboratory experiments and numerical simulations, indicates that such an approach is helpful in finding a better model not only for simulating experimental results but also for upscaling purposes. | Xinglin Lei Takahiro Funatsu Shengli Ma Liqiang Liu | 2016 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2016，8，1： | 6 |
| 9 | Nonswellable hydrogels with robust micro/nano-structures and durable superoleophobic surfaces under seawater显示文摘Hydrogels, composed mainly of water trapped in three dimensional cross-linked polymer networks, have been widely utilized to construct underwater superoleophobic surfaces. However, the swelling nature and instability of hydrogels under complex marine environment will weaken their underwater superoleophobicity. Herein, we synthesize structured poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate)(PHEMA) hydrogels by using sandpaper as templates. The robust non-swelling of PHEMA hydrogel ensures that micro/nano-structures on the surface of PHEMA hydrogels can be well maintained. Moreover, when roughness Ra of about 3~4 μm, the surface has superior oil-repellency. Additionally, even after immersing in seawater for one-month, their breaking strength and toughness can be well kept. The non-swellable hydrogels with long-term stable under seawater superoleophobicity will promote the development of robust superoleophobic materials in marine antifouling coatings,biomedical devices and oil/water separation. | Ling Lin Hui Yi Xinglin Guo Pengchao Zhang Lie Chen Dezhao Hao Shutao Wang Mingjie Liu Lei Jiang | 2018 | Science China Chemistry2018，61，1： | 3 |
| 10 | Fluid-driven seismicity in relatively stable continental regions:Insights from the February 3^(rd),2020 M_(S)5.1 Qingbaijiang isolated earthquake显示文摘On February 3rd,2020,an isolated MS5.1 earthquake occurred in the northern section of the Longquanshan fault zone.This study aims at defining the geometry of seismogenic structures of this earthquake.In detail,centroid moment tensor inversion results show that the earthquake is characterized by a focal depth of 3.8 km with no corresponding surface faults.The strike/dip/rake angles for the two nodal planes are 205°/54°/96°and 15°/36°/82°,respectively.With the analyses of coseismic deformation of the surface obtained from InSAR measurements,together with the information of relocated hypocenters for a small number of aftershocks,it is concluded that a northwest-dipping nodal plane corresponds well to the source fault.The fault is suggested to have a length of about 2.8 km and a depth range of 2-5 km,and the centroid of the earthquake is located at 104.48°E and 30.71°N.Furthermore,multiple pieces of evidence indicate that this earthquake is partly driven by the overpressure effect associated with the adjacent natural gas packets,which is similar to several other moderate natural earthquakes in Sichuan Basin. | Xinglin Lei Jianbao Sun Jinrong Su | 2021 | Earthquake Research Advances2021，1，1： | 2 |
| 11 | The hierarchical rupture process of a fault: an experimental study显示文摘 | Xinglin Lei Kinichiro Kusunose Takashi Satoh Osamu Nishizawa | 2003 | Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors2003，，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Detailed analysis of acoustic emission activity during catastrophic fracture of faults in rock显示文摘 | LEI Xinglin MASUDAA K NISHIZAWA O | 2004 | Journal of Structural Geology2004，26，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Effect of grain size on fractal structure of acoustic emission hypocenter distribution in granitic rock显示文摘 | KUSUNOSE KINICHIRO LEI XINGLIN NISHIZAWA OSAMU | 1991 | Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors1991，67，12： | 1 |
| 14 | 用ASTER三维影像观测引发2003年6.6级伊朗巴姆地震的活动断裂 | Bihong Fu Yoshiki Ninomiya Xinglin Lei Shinji Toda Yasuo Awata 王鑫 | 2012 | 地壳构造与地壳应力2012，0，2： | 1 |
| 15 | An effective method for laboratory acoustic emission detection and location using template matching显示文摘In this paper, a template matching and location method, which has been rapidly adopted in microseismic research in recent years, is applied to laboratory acoustic emission(AE) monitoring. First, we used traditional methods to detect P-wave first motions and locate AE hypocenters in three dimensions. In addition, we selected events located with sufficient accuracy(normally corresponding AE events of relatively larger energy, showing clear P-wave first motion and a higher signal-to-noise ratio in most channels) as template events. Then, the template events were used to scan and match other poorly located events in triggered event records or weak events in continuous records. Through crosscorrelation of the multi-channel waveforms between the template and the event to be detected, the weak signal was detected and located using a grid-searching algorithm(with the grid centered at the template hypocenter). In order to examine the performance of the approach, we calibrated the proposed method using experimental data of different rocks and different types of experiments. The results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the detection capability and location accuracy, and can be applied to various laboratory and in situ experiments, which use multi-channel AE monitoring with waveforms recorded in either triggering or continuous mode. | Xinglin Lei Tomohiro Ohuchi Manami Kitamura Xiaying Li Qi Li | 2022 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2022，14，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Study on anisotropy of Longmaxi shale using hydraulic fracturing experiment显示文摘Hydraulic fracturing reservoir reconstruction technology is crucial in the development of shale gas exploitation techniques.Large quantities of high-pressure fluids injected into shale reservoirs significantly alter compressional(P)and shear(S)wave velocities,rock mechanical parameters,and anisotropic characteristics.In this study,differentiated hydraulic fracturing petrophysical experiments were carried out on Longmaxi Formation shale under pseudo-triaxial stress loading conditions.The effects of stress loading methods,and water-rock physical and chemical reactions on P-and S-wave velocities and rock mechanical parameters were compared.The experimental results showed that isotropic stress loading may increase the P-and Swave velocities and Young’s modulus of dry shale kldnsample.Furthermore,it may lead to a weakening of the corresponding anisotropy.In contrast,differential stress loading was able to improve the anisotropy of Young’s modulus and accelerate the decrease in the compressive strength of shale in the vertical bedding direction.The water-rock physical and chemical reactions prompted by hydraulic fracturing was found to'soften'shale samples and reduce Young’s modulus.The influence of this'soften'effect on the compressional and shear wave velocities of shale was negligible,whilst there was a significant decrease in the anisotropy characteristics of Thomsen parameters,Young’s modulus,and Poisson’s ratio.The negative linear relationship between the Poisson’s ratios of the shale samples was also observed to lose sensitivity to stress loading,as a result of the'soften'effect of fracturing fluid on shale.The results of this study provide a reliable reference point and data support for future research on the mechanical properties of Longmaxi shale rocks. | Hongyu ZHAI Xu CHANG Wei ZHU Xinglin LEI Ziqiu XUE | 2021 | Science China Earth Sciences2021，64，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Detailed analysis of acoustic emission activity during catastrophic fracture of faults in rock 显示文摘 | Lei Xinglin Koji Masuda Osamu Nishizawa | 2004 | Journal of Structural Geology2004，26，： | 1 |
| 18 | Focal Mechanism Solution of the February 23,2014,M_L3.8 Rongchang Earthquake with the CAP(Cut and Paste)Method显示文摘A M_L3.8 earthquake occurred on February 23,2014 in Rongchang County,which is located at the southern edge of the Sichuan Basin in the border area between Sichuan and Chongqing. This paper presents results of focal mechanism solution of this earthquake using the CAP( cut and paste) method based on broadband seismograms recorded by regional seismic stations. Our results show that the moment magnitude is M_W3. 09 and focal depth is 3km. The hypocenter of this earthquake is located close to a buried fault in the Luoguangshan anticline. Oil prospecting and deep drilling data indicate that this buried fault is a thrust fault,striking SW230°,dipping NW45°,and 1. 7km deep. There are some injection wells within the anticline,and significant injection-induced earthquakes were observed during the periods of injection of waste water into the deep formations through those wells. The best double couple solution of the M_L3.8 earthquake is 247°,48°and 104° for strike,dip and rate,respectively,for one nodal plane( and 46°,44° and 74°for another nodal plane),which is in agreement with the geometry of the buried fault.Therefore,we conclude that the M_L3.8 Rongchang earthquake is possibly the result of faulting along the buried reverse fault induced by water injection under the compressive stress regime in the area. | Wang Xiaolong Lei Xinglin Guo Xing Yu Tianhang Gou Xianbin Yu Gouzheng | 2016 | Earthquake Research in China2016，30，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Detailed Analysis of Acoustic Emission Activity During Catastrophic Fracture of Faults in Rock显示文摘 | Koji Masuda Osamu Nishizawa | 2004 | Journal of Structural Geology2004，26，： | 1 |
| 20 | Spatial patterns of Picea crassifolia driven by environmental heterogeneity and intraspecifi c interactions显示文摘Research on the spatial patterns of tree populations is critical for understanding the structure and dynamic processes of forests.However,little is known about how the underlying drivers shape these patterns and species interactions in forest systems.In this study,spatial point pattern analysis investigated the combined eff ects of intraspecifi c interactions and environmental heterogeneity on the spatial structure and internal maintenance mechanisms of Picea crassifolia in the Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve,China.Data were obtained from a 10.2-ha dynamic monitoring plot(DMP)and sixteen 0.04-ha elevation gradient plots(EGPs).Under complete spatial randomness,both mature trees and saplings in the DMP demonstratedlarge-scale aggregation with negative correlations.In EGPs,saplings were clustered in small mesoscales,mature trees were randomly distributed,and the interactions of saplingstrees at all elevations were not correlated.By eliminating the interference of environmental heterogeneity through the inhomogeneous Poisson process,saplings in the DMP and EGPs were clustered in small scales and trees randomly distributed.Intraspecifi c associations were negatively correlated,in the DMP and at low elevations,and no correlations in high elevations of EGPs.In the vertical scale,saplings showed a small-scale aggregation pattern with increase in elevation,and the aggregation degree fi rst decreased and then increased.The interactions of saplings-trees and saplings–saplings showed inhibitions at small scales,with the degree of inhibition gradually decreasing.Spatial patterns and associations of adults–adults did not change signifi-cantly.The results revealed that intraspecifi c interactions and environmental heterogeneity regulated the spatial patterns of P.crassifolia at small and large scales,respectively.Environmental heterogeneity might be the most decisive factor aff ecting the spatial patterns of saplings,while trees were more aff ected by intraspecifi c interactions.Moreover,competition between trees in this area could be more common than facilitation for the growth and development of individuals. | Changxing Zhao Weijun Zhao Ming Jin Jiqiang Zhou Feng Ta Lei Wang Wenbo Mou Longju Lei Jinrong Liu Junlin Du Xinglin Zhang | 2023 | Journal of Forestry Research2023，34，4： | 1 |
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