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| 1 | Molecular targets in the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis显示文摘Alcohol related costs to health and society are high. One of the most serious complications of alcohol misuse to the individual is the development of alcoholic hepatitis (AH), a clinical syndrome of jaundice and progressive inflammatory liver injury in patients with a history of recent heavy alcohol use. It has a poor outcome and few existing successful therapies. The use of glucocorticoids in patients with severe AH is still controversial and there remains a group of patients with glucocorticoid-resistant disease. However, as our understanding of the pathogenesis of the condition improves there are opportunities to develop new targeted therapies with specific actions to control liver inflammation without having a detrimental effect on the immune system as a whole. In this article we review the molecular mechanisms of AH concentrating on the activation of the innate and adaptive immune response. We consider existing treatments including glucocorticoids, anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy and pentoxifylline and their limitations. Using our knowledge of the disease pathogenesis we discuss possible novel therapeutic approaches. New targets include pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-17, chemokines and their receptors (for example IL-8, CXCL9 and CXCR3) and augmentation of anti-inflam- matory molecules such as IL-10 and IL-22. And there is also future potential to consider combination therapy to selectively modulate the immune response and gain control of disease. | Ashwin D Dhanda Richard WL Lee Peter L Collins C Anne McCune | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，39： | 9 |
| 2 | Risk factors and natural history of breast cancer in younger Chinese women显示文摘AIM: To investigate the age differences in the risk factors, clinicopathological characteristics and patterns of treatment of female breast cancer patients. METHODS: Seven thousand one hundred and fiftytwo women with primary breast cancer from the Hong Kong Breast Cancer Registry were recruited after receiving patients' consent, they were asked to complete standardized questionnaires which captured their sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors associated with breast cancer development. Among them, clinicopathological data and patterns of treatment were further collected from medical records of 5523 patients with invasive breast cancers. Patients were divided into two groups according to the age at diagnosis: younger(< 40 years old) vs older patients(≥ 40 years old) for subsequent analyses.RESULTS: Analysis on the sociodemographic characteristics and exposure to risk factors were performed on 7152 women with primary breast cancer and the results revealed that younger patients were more likely to have unhealthy lifestyles; these include a lack of exercise(85.4% vs 73.2%, P < 0.001), having high stress in life(46.1% vs 35.5%, P < 0.001), having dairy/meat-rich diets(20.2% vs 12.9%, P < 0.001),having alcohol drinking habit(7.7% vs 5.2%, P = 0.002). Younger patients were also more likely to have hormone-related risk factors including nulliparity(43.3% vs 17.8%, P < 0.001) and an early age at menarche(20.7% vs 13.2%, P < 0.001). Analyses on clinicopathological characteristics and patterns of treatment were performed on 5523 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. The invasive tumours in younger patients showed more aggressive pathological features such as having a higher percentage of grade 3 histology(45.7% vs 36.5%, P < 0.001), having a higher proportion of tumours with lymphovascular invasion(39.6% vs 33.2%, P = 0.003), and having multifocal disease(15.7% vs 10.3%, P < 0.001); they received different patterns of treatment than their older counterparts.CONCLUSION: Younger patients in Hong Kong are more likely to encounter risk factors associated with breast cancer development and have more aggressive tumours than their older counterparts. | Winnie Yeo Hang-Mei Lee Amy Chan Emily YY Chan Miranda CM Chan Keeng-Wai Chan Sharon WW Chan Foon-Yiu Cheung Polly SY Cheung Peter HK Choi Josette SY Chor William WL Foo Wing-Hong Kwan Stephen CK Law Lawrence PK Li Janice WH Tsang Yuk Tung Lorna LS Wong Ting-Ting Wong Chun-Chung Yau Tsz-Kok Yau Benny CY Zee | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2014，5，5： | 4 |
| 3 | Evaluation of the string test for the detection of Helicobacter pylori显示文摘AIM: Helicobacter pylori can be diagnosed by invasive ornon-invasive tests but to obtain bacteria for culture andantibiotic susceptibility testing, an upper GI endoscopy isoften required. The string test may be a minimally-invasivealternative method of obtaining H. pylori samples. This studyevaluates the sensitivity and specificity of the string test inthe diagnosis of H. pylori in comparison with endoscopicmeans of diagnosis.METHODS: This was a prospective open comparative studyof patients with dyspepsia with endoscopy-based tests asgold standard (defined as a positive CLO test and antralhistology). Fasting patients swallowed the encapsulated-string(Entero-test Hp), which was withdrawn after 1 hour. Thegastric juice from the string was plated onto H. pylori-selectivemedia for culture. Helicobacter pylori was identified by typicalcolony morphology, gram stain and biochemical test results.RESULTS: Thirty dyspeptic patients were recruited of whom21 (70 %) were positive for H. pylori according to the goldstandard. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value,and negative predictive value for the string test were 38 %,100 %, 100 % and 41% respectively, and for endoscopicbiopsies 81%, 100 %, 100 %, 69 % respectively (P=0.004).Logistic regression showed that only abundant growthdensity from endoscopic biopsy cultures to be a predictor ofa positive string test (P=0.018).CONCLUSION: The string test is an alternative method toendoscopy in obtaining H. pylori but has a low sensitivitycompared to endoscopic biopsies. | Rupert WL Leong Ching C Lee Thomas KW Ling WaiK Leung Joseph JY Sung | 2003 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2003，9，2： | 3 |
| 4 | Temporal relationship between apparent diffusion coefficient and absolute measurements of cerebral blood flow in acute stroke patients显示文摘 | Lin WL Lee JM Lee YZ | 2003 | Stroke2003，34，： | 1 |
| 5 | Major complications of operative and diagnostic lapar0scopy for gynecologic disease 显示文摘 | WANG PH LEE WL YUAN CC | 2001 | J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc2001，8，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Laparoscopic and open anterior resection for upper and mid rectal cancer:an evaluation of outcomes显示文摘 | Law WL Lee YM Choi HK | 2006 | Dis Colon Rectum2006，49，8： | 1 |
| 7 | Major complications of operative and diagnostic laparoscopy for gynecologic disease显示文摘 | Wang PH Lee WL Yuan CC | 2001 | J Am Assoc Gynecol laparosc2001，8，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Impact of laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer on operative outcomes and survival 显示文摘 | Law WL Lee YM Cboi HK | 2007 | Ann Surg2007，245，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Multivariate analysis of quality of life outcome for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after treatment 显示文摘 | Fang FM Tsai WL Lee TF | 2010 | Radiother Oncol2010，97，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Nebulized hypertonic saline treatment reduces both rate and duration of hospitalization for acute bronchiolitis in infants: an updated meta- analysis 显示文摘 | Chen YJ Lee WL Wang CM | 2014 | Pediatr Neonatol2014，55，6： | 1 |
| 11 | Supine LBNP exer- cise maintains exercise eapaeity in male twins during 30d hed rest显示文摘 | Lee SM Schneider SM Boda WL el al | 2007 | Med Sci Sports Exert2007，39，8： | 1 |
| 12 | Self-expanding metallic stent as a bridge to surgery versus emergency resection for obstructing left-sided colorectal cancer:a case-matched study显示文摘 | Ng KC Law WL Lee YM | 2006 | J Gastrointest Surg2006，10，6： | 1 |
| 13 | Neutrophil activation and acute lung injury显示文摘 | Downey GP | 2001 | Curr Opin Crit Care2001，7，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Emeryeney surgery for obstmc tion colorectal cancers: a comparison between right-sided and left-sided lesiou显示文摘 | Lee YM Law WL Chu KW | 2001 | AM coll surg2001，192，6： | 1 |
| 15 | A massively parallel PicoTiterPlate based platform for discrete picoliter-scale polymerase chain reaetions 显示文摘 | Leamon JH Lee WL Tartaro ICR | 2003 | Electrophoresis2003，24，： | 1 |
| 16 | Laparoscopic colectomy for obstructing sigmoid cancer with prior insertion of an expandable metallic stent显示文摘 | Law WL Choi HK Lee YM | 2004 | Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech2004，14，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Emergency surgery for obstructing colorectal cancer:a comparison between right-sided and left-sided lesions显示文摘 | Lee YM Law WL Chu KW | 2001 | J Am Coll Surg2001，192，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Bioactive norlignan glucosides from Curculigo capitulate显示文摘 | Chang WL Su MJ Lee SS | 1997 | J Nat Prod1997，60，： | 1 |
| 19 | Major complications of operative and dingnostic laparoscopy for gynecologic disease显示文摘 | Wang DH Lee WL Yuan CC | 2001 | J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc2001，8，： | 1 |
| 20 | Maternal and fetal outcome in neonatal lupus erythematosus 显示文摘 | McCune AB Weston WL Lee LA | 1987 | Ann Intern Med1987，106，4： | 1 |
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