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| 1 | 催产素对学习和记忆的调节效应:来自动物与人类的研究证据显示文摘作为一种神经肽,催产素对于个体社会认知和情绪加工有着非常重要的调节作用,其中就包括对在人们工作和生活中扮演着关键角色的学习和记忆活动的影响。采用不同模态技术的动物和人类研究一致表明了外源性催产素对于学习和记忆具有重要的调节作用,这一作用可能是外源性催产素通过与多巴胺奖赏通路、边缘系统等学习和记忆关键脑网络中广泛分布的催产素受体相结合,进而调整其功能状态实现的;但与此同时,催产素对学习和记忆的促进或抑制作用会因实验范式、刺激材料、给药时间、位置和剂量等因素的不同而存在差异。未来需要协同动物和人类研究的各自优势,采用规范化的实验任务设置和给药程序克服当前该领域的研究局限,并积极发掘催产素在干预相关精神疾病患者学习和记忆加工缺陷中的应用潜力。 | 周梦晗 张源 高山 Keith M.Kendrick 姚树霞 | 2021 | 心理科学进展2021，29，12： | 1 |
| 2 | A brain structural connectivity biomarker for autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in early childhood显示文摘Background:Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is associated with altered brain development,but it is unclear which specific structural changes may serve as potential diagnostic markers,particularly in young children at the age when symptoms become fully estab-lished.Furthermore,such brain markers need to meet the requirements of precision medicine and be accurate in aiding diagnosis at an individual rather than only a group level.Objective:This study aimed to identify and model brain-wide differences in structural connectivity using diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)in young ASD and typically developing(TD)children.Methods:A discovery cohort including 93 ASD and 26 TD children and two independent validation cohorts including 12 ASD and 9 TD children from three different cities in China were included.Brain-wide(294 regions)structural connectivity was measured using DTI(fractional anisotropy,FA)together with symptom severity and cognitive development.A connection matrix was constructed for each child for comparisons between ASD and TD groups.Pattern classification was performed on the discovery dataset and the resulting model was tested on the two independent validation datasets.Results:Thirty-three structural connections showed increased FA in ASD compared to TD children and associated with both autistic symptom severity and impaired general cognitive development.The majority(29/33)involved the frontal lobe and comprised five different networks with functional relevance to default mode,motor control,social recognition,language and reward.Overall,clas-sification achieved very high accuracy of 96.77%in the discovery dataset,and 91.67%and 88.89%in the two independent validation datasets.Conclusions:Identified structural connectivity differences primarily involving the frontal cortex can very accurately distinguish novel individual ASD from TD children and may therefore represent a robust early brain biomarker which can address the requirements of precision medicine. | Xi Jiang Xiao-Jing Shou Zhongbo Zhao Yuzhong Chen Fan-Chao Meng Jiao Le Tian-Jia Song Xin-Jie Xu Weitong Guo Xiaoyan Ke Xiao-E Cai Weihua Zhao Juan Kou Ran Huo Ying Liu Hui-Shu Yuan Yan Xing Ji-Sheng Han Song-Ping Han Yun Li Hua Lai Lan Zhang Mei-Xiang Jia Jing Liu Xuan Liu Keith M.Kendrick Rong Zhang | 2023 | Psychoradiology2023，3，1： | 0 |
| 3 | The right inferior frontal gyrus as pivotal node and effective regulator of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical response inhibition circuit显示文摘Background:The involvement of specific basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits in response inhibition has been extensively mapped in animal models.However,the pivotal nodes and directed causal regulation within this inhibitory circuit in humans remains con-troversial.Objective:The main aim of the present study was to determine the causal information flow and critical nodes in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical inhibitory circuits and also to examine whether these are modulated by biological factors(i.e.sex)and behavioral performance.Methods:Here,we capitalize on the recent progress in robust and biologically plausible directed causal modeling(DCM-PEB)and a large response inhibition dataset(n=250)acquired with concomitant functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine key nodes,their causal regulation and modulation via biological variables(sex)and inhibitory performance in the inhibitory circuit encompassing the right inferior frontal gyrus(rIFG),caudate nucleus(rCau),globus pallidum(rGP),and thalamus(rThal).Results:The entire neural circuit exhibited high intrinsic connectivity and response inhibition critically increased causal projections from the rIFG to both rCau and rThal.Direct comparison further demonstrated that response inhibition induced an increasing rIFG inflow and increased the causal regulation of this region over the rCau and rThal.In addition,sex and performance influenced the functional architecture of the regulatory circuits such that women displayed increased rThal self-inhibition and decreased rThal to GP modulation,while better inhibitory performance was associated with stronger rThal to rIFG communication.Furthermore,control analyses did not reveal a similar key communication in a left lateralized model.Conclusions:Together,these findings indicate a pivotal role of the rIFG as input and causal regulator of subcortical response inhibition nodes. | Qian Zhuang Lei Qiao Lei Xu Shuxia Yao Shuaiyu Chen Xiaoxiao Zheng Jialin Li Meina Fu Keshuang Li Deniz Vatansever Stefania Ferraro Keith M.Kendrick Benjamin Becker | 2023 | Psychoradiology2023，3，1： | 0 |
| 4 | Reduced homotopic interhemispheric connectivity in psychiatric disorders:evidence for both transdiagnostic and disorder specific features显示文摘There is considerable interest in the significance of structural and functional connections between the two brain hemispheres in terms of both normal function and in relation to psychiatric disorders.In recent years,many studies have used voxel mirrored homotopic connectivity analysis of resting state data to investigate the importance of connectivity between homotopic regions in the brain hemispheres in a range of neuropsychiatric disorders.The current review summarizes findings fromthese voxel mirrored homotopic connectivity studies in individuals with autism spectrum disorder,addiction,attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,anxiety and depression disorders,and schizophrenia,aswell as disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease,mild cognitive impairment,epilepsy,and insomnia.Overall,other than attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,studies across psychiatric disorders report decreased homotopic resting state functional connectivity in the default mode,attention,salience,sensorimotor,social cognition,visual recognition,primary visual processing,and reward networks,which are often associated with symptom severity and/or illness onset/duration.Decreased homotopic resting state functional connectivity may therefore represent a transdiagnostic marker for general psychopathology.In terms of disorder specificity,the extensive decreases in homotopic resting state functional connectivity in autism differ markedly from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,despite both occurring during early childhood and showing extensive co-morbidity.A pattern of more posterior than anterior regions showing reductions in schizophrenia is also distinctive.Going forward,more studies are needed to elucidate the functions of these homotopic functional connections in both health and disorder and focusing on associations with general psychopathology,and not only on disorder specific symptoms. | Shuxia Yao Keith M.Kendrick | 2022 | Psychoradiology2022，2，4： | 0 |
| 5 | Psychoradiology: a new era for neuropsychiatric imaging显示文摘We are very pleased to introduce the first issue of Psychoradiology,an open-access journal that publishes original research articles,reviews,case reports,editorials,commentaries,correspondence,and perspectives.The journal will publish high-quality and interdisciplinary manuscripts that span the genetic and molecular basis of psychiatric disorders to social and cultural factors that influence the onset,progress,and behavioral symptoms of these illnesses. | Qiyong Gong Keith M.Kendrick Lin Lu | 2021 | Psychoradiology2021，1，1： | 0 |
| 6 | A prospective longitudinal study shows putamen volume is associated with moderate amphetamine use and resultant cognitive impairments显示文摘Background:Amphetamine-type stimulants(ATS)have become a critical public health issue.Animal models have indicated a clear neurotoxic potential of ATSs.In humans,chronic use has been associated with cogni-tive deficits and structural brain abnormalities.However,cross-sectional retrospective designs in chronic users cannot truly determine the causal direction of the effects.Objective:To prospectively determine effects of occasional ATS use on cognitive functioning and brain structure.Methods:In a prospective longitudinal study design,cognitive functioning and brain structure were assessed at baseline and at 12-month follow-up in occasional ATS users(cumulative lifetime use<10 units at baseline).Results:Examination of change scores between the initial examination and follow-up revealed declined verbal memory performance and putamen volume in users with high relative to low interim ATS exposure.In the entire sample,interim ATS use,memory decline,and putamen volume reductions were strongly associated.Conclusions:The present findings support the hypothesis that ATS use is associated with deficient dorsal stri-atal morphology that might reflect alterations in dopaminergic pathways.More importantly,these findings strongly suggest that even occasional,low-dose ATS use disrupts striatal integrity and cognitive functioning. | Keith M.Kendrick Joerg Daumann Daniel Wagner Philip Koester Marc Tittgemeyer Qiang Luo Euphrosyne Gouzoulis-Mayfrank Benjamin Becker | 2021 | Psychoradiology2021，1，1： | 0 |
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