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| 1 | Household catastrophic payments for tuberculosis care in Nigeria: incidence, determinants, and policy implications for universal health coverage显示文摘Background:Studies on costs incurred by patients for tuberculosis(TB)care are limited as these costs are reported as averages,and the economic impact of the costs is estimated based on average patient/household incomes.Average expenditures do not represent the poor because they spend less on treatment compared to other economic groups.Thus,the extent to which TB expenditures risk sending households into,or further into,poverty and its determinants,is unknown.We assessed the incidence and determinants of household catastrophic payments for TB care in rural Nigeria.Methods:Data used were obtained from a survey of 452 pulmonary TB patients sampled from three rural health facilities in Ebonyi State,Nigeria.Using household direct costs and income data,we analyzed the incidence of household catastrophic payments using,as thresholds,the traditional>10%of household income and the≥40%of non-food income,as recommended by the World Health Organization.We used logistic regression analysis to identify the determinants of catastrophic payments.Results:Average direct household costs for TB were US$157 or 14%of average annual incomes.The incidence catastrophic payment was 44%;with 69%and 15%of the poorest and richest household income-quartiles experiencing catastrophic activity,respectively.Independent determinants of catastrophic payments were:age>40 years(adjusted odds ratio[aOR]3.9;95%confidence interval[CI],2.0,7.8),male gender(aOR 3.0;CI 1.8,5.2),urban residence(aOR 3.8;CI 1.9,7.7),formal education(aOR 4.7;CI 2.5,8.9),care at a private facility(aOR 2.9;1.5,5.9),poor household(aOR 6.7;CI 3.7,12),household where the patient is the primary earner(aOR 3.8;CI 2.2,6.6]),and HIV co-infection(aOR 3.1;CI 1.7,5.6).Conclusions:Current cost-lowering strategies are not enough to prevent households from incurring catastrophic out-of-pocket payments for TB care.Financial and social protection interventions are needed for identified at-risk groups,and community-level interventions may reduce inefficiencies in the care-seeking pathway.These observations should inform post-2015 TB strategies and influence policy-making on health services that are meant to be free of charge. | Kingsley Nnanna Ukwaja Isaac Alobu Seye Abimbola Philip Christy Hopewell | 2013 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2013，2，1： | 7 |
| 2 | 爆裂法作为快速测定流体包裹体中二氧化碳(和其它气体)含量的手段及其在勘探中的使用:以中国山东和河北省金矿为例显示文摘The acoustic decrepitation method heats a small monomineralic sample and counts pressure impulses as the inclusions burst when they develop high internal pressures.For aqueous fluids,the decrepitation temperature is correlated with the homogenisation temperature,but gas rich fluids give a distinct and characteristic low temperature decrepitation peak which can be used to recognize gas rich fluid inclusions.This information is useful in exploration for Au deposits,which are frequently associated with CO_2 rich and sometimes CH_4 rich fluids. This distinctive decrepitation occurs because the CO_2 rich inclusion fluids expand according to the gas law and develop internal pressures high enough to burst the host mineral grain at temperatures well below their homogenisation temperatures.In contrast,aqueous fluids condense to a liquid and vapour phase during post-entrapment cooling.Upon subsequent heating their internal pressures do not increase significantly until after homogenisation to a single phase occurs and hence they do not decrepitate'prematurely'as gas rich inclusions do. This behaviour is usually regarded as an annoyance in conventional microthermometric homogenisation studies,but can readily be used as an exploration aid to find mineralisation deposited from such gas rich fluids.Decrepitation results on samples from Cowra Ck, NSW,Australia,which have also been microthermometrically measured for CO_2 content,show that amounts of less than 5 mole % CO_2 are easily distinguished by decrepitation and amounts as low as 1 mole % CO_2 may be determinable. Examples of the use of acoustic decrepitation in the study of 6 gold mines in the Shandong and Hebei provinces of China are discussed. | Kingsley Burlinson | 2007 | 岩石学报2007，23，1： | 6 |
| 3 | Role of gut microbiota in cardiovascular diseases显示文摘The human gut is colonized by a community of microbiota,primarily bacteria,that exist in a symbiotic relationship with the host.Intestinal microbiota-host interactions play a critical role in the regulation of human physiology.Deleterious changes to the composition of gut microbiota,referred to as gut dysbiosis,has been linked to the development and progression of numerous diseases,including cardiovascular disease(CVD).Imbalances in host-microbial interaction impair homeostatic mechanisms that regulate health and can activate multiple pathways leading to CVD risk factor progression.Most CVD risk factors,including aging,obesity,dietary patterns,and a sedentary lifestyle,have been shown to induce gut dysbiosis.Dysbiosis is associated with intestinal inflammation and reduced integrity of the gut barrier,which in turn increases circulating levels of bacterial structural components and microbial metabolites,including trimethylamine-N-oxide and short-chain fatty acids,that may facilitate the development of CVD.This article reviews the normal function and composition of the gut microbiome,mechanisms leading to the leaky gut syndrome,its mechanistic link to CVD and potential novel therapeutic approaches aimed towards restoring gut microbiome and CVD prevention.As CVD is the leading cause of deaths globally,investigating the gut microbiota as a locus of intervention presents a novel and clinically relevant avenue for future research. | Marko Novakovic Amit Rout Thomas Kingsley Robert Kirchoff Amteshwar Singh Vipin Verma Ravi Kant Rahul Chaudhary | 2020 | World Journal of Cardiology2020，12，4： | 6 |
| 4 | Karrikin and Cyanohydrin Smoke Signals Provide Clues to New Endogenous Plant Signaling Compounds显示文摘表明混合物的二种新类型由于他们刺激种子萌芽的能力在野火烟被发现了。第一发现了是 karrikins,它与植物荷尔蒙的 strigolactone 类分享某结构的类似,并且两个都通过普通 F 盒子蛋白质发信号。然而, karrikins 和 strigolactones 通过不那样不同的发信号的小径操作,各由特定的 / hydrolase 蛋白质区分了。基因分析建议植物包含通过 karrikin 小径明确地发信号的内长的混合物。在烟发现的另外的活跃混合物是在水解作用之上释放刺激萌芽的氰化物的氰醇。氰醇在植物广泛地发生并且在内长的氰化物发信号对另外的有机体,而是一个另外的角色在防卫有一个角色现在应该也被考虑。 | Gavin R. Flematti Mark T. Waters Adrian Scaffidi David J. Merritt Emilio L. Ghisalberti' Kingsley W.Dixon Steven M. Smith | 2013 | Molecular Plant2013，6，1： | 3 |
| 5 | 在进化的顶点——从天麻种子与真菌共生萌发看兰科植物显示文摘 | 徐锦堂 Kingsley Dixon | 2006 | 森林与人类2006，26，7： | 3 |
| 6 | SWI1 Is Required for Meiotic Chromosome Remodeling Events显示文摘Arabidopsis dsy10 异种以前作为在导致男、女的绝育的 meiotic 染色体的联会是有缺点的被识别。我们这里报导变化的分子的分析并且证明它在 SWI1 基因的第三 exon 代表 T-DNA 插入。四个变化现在在 SWI1,其几展出不同显型被识别了。例如, swi1-1 和二变化仅仅在 megasporocytes 影响成熟分裂,当 swi1-2 和 dsy10 变化堵住男、女的成熟分裂时。作为 dsy10 meiocytes 的详细 cytological 描述的部分,而且,我们在在 swi1-2 和 dys10 异种之间的男成熟分裂期间识别了几差别,包括在轴的元素, cohesin 蛋白质的分发并且预定姐妹染色单体结合的早熟的损失的形成的变化。我们证明 dsy10 代表一个完全的 loss-of-function 变化,当 SWI1 的一种截断的形式在 swi1-2 植物在成熟分裂期间被表示时。我们进一步证明 dys10 meiocytes 在修改 histone 模式展出改变,包括 acetylated histone H3 和 dimethylated histone H3 离氨酸 4。 | Kingsley A. Boateng Xiaohui Yang Fuqui Dong Heather A. Owen Christopher A. Makaroff | 2008 | Molecular Plant2008，1，4： | 3 |
| 7 | Multitask deep-learning-based design of chiral plasmonic metamaterials显示文摘The field of chiral plasmonics has registered considerable progress with machine-learning(ML)-mediated metamaterial prototyping,drawing from the success of ML frameworks in other applications such as pattern and image recognition.Here,we present an end-to-end functional bidirectional deep-learning(DL)model for three-dimensional chiral metamaterial design and optimization.This ML model utilizes multitask joint learning features to recognize,generalize,and explore in detail the nontrivial relationship between the metamaterials’geometry and their chiroptical response,eliminating the need for auxiliary networks or equivalent approaches to stabilize the physically relevant output.Our model efficiently realizes both forward and inverse retrieval tasks with great precision,offering a promising tool for iterative computational design tasks in complex physical systems.Finally,we explore the behavior of a sample ML-optimized structure in a practical application,assisting the sensing of biomolecular enantiomers.Other potential applications of our metastructure include photodetectors,polarization-resolved imaging,and circular dichroism(CD)spectroscopy,with our ML framework being applicable to a wider range of physical problems. | Eric Ashalley Kingsley Acheampong Lucas VBesteiro Peng Yu Arup Neogi Alexander OGovorov Zhiming M.Wang | 2020 | Photonics Research2020，8，7： | 3 |
| 8 | Producing durable pellets from barley straw subjected to radio frequency-alkaline and steam explosion pretreatments显示文摘Pelletization,a form of densification,increases bulk density and improves the convenience and accessibility of biomass feedstock due to the uniform shape and size.Pretreatment of biomass enhances the breakdown and accessibility of the cross-linking lignin,which acts as a binding agent.In this study,pelletization of radio frequency-alkaline and steam explosion pretreated barley straw was performed.Three levels of temperature(70oC,80oC,and 90oC),five levels of the mass ratio of biomass to NaOH solution(1:4,1:5,1:6,1:7,and 1:8),one hour equilibration time,biomass screen size of 1.6 mm,1%NaOH concentration,and 20 min residence time in the radio frequency chamber were used for the radio frequency-alkaline pretreatment.Three levels of steam temperature(140oC,160oC,and 180oC),three levels of moisture content of 8%,30%,and 50%(mass fraction of total mass),and 5 min and 10 min exposure to steam were tested for the steam explosion pretreatment.The effects of both pretreatment methods were evaluated by pelletizing the pretreated and non-pretreated barley straw samples in a single pelleting unit.The pellet density,tensile strength,durability,dimensional stability,and color of the pellets were determined.Radio frequency-alkaline pretreatment with the use of 1%NaOH solution and a ratio of biomass:NaOH solution of 1:8 has significant effect(P<0.05)on the breakdown of the lignified matrix,resulting in pellets with superior physical characteristics.The steam exploded samples pretreated at higher temperatures(180ºC)and retention time of 10 min resulted into pellets with good physical qualities. | Kingsley L.Iroba Lope G.Tabil Shahab Sokhansanj Venkatesh Meda | 2014 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2014，7，3： | 2 |
| 9 | Acetyl salicylic acid (Aspirin) and salicylic acid induce multiple stress tolerance in bean and tomato plants显示文摘 | Tissa Senaratna Darren Touchell Eric Bunn Kingsley Dixon | 2000 | Plant Growth Regulation2000，，2： | 2 |
| 10 | A comparison of the efficiency of different surfactants for removal of crude oil from contaminated soils显示文摘 | Kingsley Urum Steve Grigson Turgay Pekdemir Sean McMenamy | 2005 | Chemosphere2005，，9： | 2 |
| 11 | Revisiting mycorrhizal dogmas:Are mycorrhizas really functioning as they are widely believed to do?显示文摘Since the discovery of mycorrhizas,dogmas have been developed regarding their function,ecology,and distribution.We explore if these dogmas are valid,and if there are research biases toward regions inhabited by most researchers and away from regions inhabited by most plant species.We found,first,that the mycorrhizal status is known in less than 1%of plant species,with few having proven mycorrhizal benefits for growth and development.Second,the mycorrhizal status of a plant species varies within families,even genera.Third,mycorrhizas are important for phosphorus acquisition only within a narrow phosphorus range.Fourth,mycorrhizal plants are not uniform in their response to environment;taxonomy,phylogeny and continental history strongly drive mycorrhizal diversity.For example,the center of diversification of Ericaceae and Orchidaceae is in the neotropics,rather than,as recently claimed,in cold and high-latitude climates.Understanding the importance of mycorrhizas at the family-wide and biome-wide level is therefore conflicted by a research bias toward research-intensive regions outside the phylogenetic hotspots of diversification.The current precepts on mycorrhizas provide important starting points for hypotheses to robustly test when and where mycorrhizas play a role in determining ecological trajectory.The time has come to move forward and revisit past assumptions and update the dogmas,rather than assume functional significance in terms of nutritional benefits from studies on extraneous regions and species.We conclude that non-nutritional benefits deserve far greater attention. | Felipe E.Albornoz Kingsley W.Dixon Hans Lambers | 2021 | Soil Ecology Letters2021，3，1： | 2 |
| 12 | Antigen presentation,autoantibody production,and therapeutic targets in autoimmune liver disease显示文摘The liver is an important immunological organ that controls systemic tolerance.The liver harbors professional and unconventional antigen-presenting cells that are crucial for tolerance induction and maintenance.Orchestrating the immune response in homeostasis depends on a healthy and well-toned immunological liver microenvironment,which Is maintained by the crosstalk of liver-resident antigen-presenting cells and intrahepatic and liver-infiltrating leukocytes.In response to pathogens or autoantigens,tolerance is disrupted by unknown mechanisms.Intrahepatic parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells exhibit unique antigen-presenting properties.The presentation of microbial and endogenous lipid-,metabolite-and peptide-derived antigens from the gut via conventional and nonconventional mechanisms can educate intrahepatic immune cells and elicit effector responses or tolerance.Perturbation of this balance results in autoimmune liver diseases,such as autoimmune hepatitis,primary biliary cholangitis,and primary sclerosing cholangitis.Although the exact etiologies of these autoimmune liver diseases are unknown,it is thought that the disruption of tolerance towards self-antigens and microbial metabolites and lipids,as well as alterations in bile acid composition,may result in changes in effector cell activation and polarization and may reduce or impair protective antiinflammatory regulatory T and B cell responses.Additionally,the canonical and noncanonical transmission of antigens and antigen:MHC complexes via trogocytosis or extracellular vesicles between different(non)immune cells in the liver may play a role in the induction of hepatic inflammation and tolerance.Here,we summarize emerging aspects of antigen presentation,autoantibody production,and the application of novel therapeutic approaches in the characterization and treatment of autoimmune liver diseases. | Andrea Kristina Horst Kingsley Gideon Kumashie Katrin Neumann Linda Diehl Gisa Tiegs | 2021 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2021，18，1： | 2 |
| 13 | Rapid and Efficient Extraction Method for Reverse Transcription-PCR Detection of Hepatitis A and Norwalk-Like Viruses in Shellfish 显示文摘 | KINGSLEY D H RICHARDS G P | 2001 | Appl Environ Microbiol2001，67，9： | 1 |
| 14 | Displacement-based seismic design of multi-degree-of-freedom bridge structures显示文摘 | Kingsley G R | 1995 | J Earq1995，24，： | 1 |
| 15 | Distributed fiber optic a-coustic sensor for leak detection显示文摘 | Kurmer J P Kingsley S A Laudo S | 1991 | Processing SPIE1991，1586，： | 1 |
| 16 | 显示文摘 | Sieper J Kingsley G | 1996 | Immunol Today1996，17，： | 1 |
| 17 | The TGF-β superfamily:new members, new receptors, and new genetic tests of function in different organisms显示文摘 | Kingsley DM | 1994 | Gene Dev1994，8，： | 1 |
| 18 | The TGF- beta supeffamily: new members, new receptors, and new genetic tests of function in different organisms 显示文摘 | KINGSLEY D M | 1994 | Genes Dev1994，8，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Association Between Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Stiffness of the Common Carotid Artery显示文摘 | Eric C. Seaberg Lorie Benning A. Richey Sharrett Jason M. Lazar Howard N. Hodis Wendy J. Mack Mark J. Siedner John P. Phair Lawrence A. Kingsley Robert C. Kaplan | 2010 | Stroke2010，，10： | 1 |
| 20 | A study to determine theangle of anteversion of the neck of the femur显示文摘 | Kingsley PC Olmated KL Arbor MA | 1948 | J Bone Joint surg1948，30，： | 1 |
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