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| 1 | Enhancement of diversity,stand structure and regeneration of woody species through area exclosure:the case of a mopane woodland in northern Botswana显示文摘Introduction:An area exclosure is the practice of land management that involves the exclusion of livestock and humans from openly accessing an area that is characterized by severe degradation.Area exclosures have been employed as cheap and convenient means of rehabilitating degraded forests/woodlands.A study was carried out to(i)assess the species richness,diversity and evenness;(ii)determine the densities,frequencies,dominance and importance value index;and(iii)assess the population structure and regeneration status of woody species inside and outside the fence(area exclosure)of Okavango Research Institute(ORI)located in Maun,northern Botswana.Results:Thirty-five woody species were recorded inside(32 spp.)and outside(24 spp.)the ORI compound,and the population structure and regeneration status of the woody species were better inside than outside the ORI compound.The exclosure had seven times higher mean density of woody species than outside ORI,and an exceptional regeneration of seedlings was observed inside than outside the ORI compound,suggesting the process of recovery of the degraded woodland.The frequencies of more than half of the woody species also showed increment inside than outside the exclosure.The results suggest that the exclosed area is still in an initial recovery stage since it had been an open grazing area prior to the establishment of the exclosure.Most of the woody species encountered outside ORI showed hampered recruitment and regeneration,owing to different anthropogenic impacts and overgrazing by animals.Conclusions:Despite the relatively short period(10 years)of exclosure establishment,results from the present study have further provided empirical evidences on the actual crucial roles played by area exclosures to increase woody species richness,diversity,evenness,density,frequency,dominance and important value index as well as enhance the population structure and regeneration of the woody species in northern Botswana.Future research is recommended focusing on comparative studies on herbaceous species richness,diversity and density,horizontal and vertical distribution of soil seed banks,species richness of soil microorganisms,plant and soil biomass,plant and soil carbon pools(above and below ground)as well as soil contents and properties inside and outside the ORI compound. | Demel Teketay Keotshephile Kashe Joseph Madome Monica Kabelo John Neelo Mmusi Mmusi Wellington Masamba | 2018 | Ecological Processes2018，7，1： | 4 |
| 2 | Epilepsy in mice deficient in the 65-kDa isoform of glutamic decarboxylase显示文摘 | Kash SF Johnson RS Tecott LH | 1997 | Neurobiology1997，94，14： | 1 |
| 3 | Global host immue re- sponse:Dathogenesis and transcriptional profiling of type A influenza viruses expressing the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes from the 1918 dandemie virus显示文摘 | Kash JC Basler CF carcia- sastre A | 2004 | J Virol2004，78，17： | 1 |
| 4 | Use of a polylysine-saporin conjugate to prevent posterior capsule opacification显示文摘 | Bretton RH Swearingen A Kash RL | 1999 | J Cataract Refract Surg1999，25，7： | 1 |
| 5 | Antisense studies of brain GABAA receptors显示文摘 | Kash T | 2002 | Dan Med Bull2002，49，： | 1 |
| 6 | Alcohol inhibits NR2B-containing NMDA receptors in the ventral bed nucleus of the striaterminalis显示文摘 | Kash T L Matthews R T Winder D G | 2008 | Neuropsychopharmacology2008，33，： | 1 |
| 7 | Innovation Policy for Complex Technologies 显示文摘 | RYCROFT R W KASH D E | 1999 | Issues in Sci -cnce and Technology1999，16，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Alcohol inhibits NR2B- containing NMDA receptors in the ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis 显示文摘 | Kash TL Matthews RT Winder DG | 2008 | Neuropsychopharmacology2008，33，： | 1 |
| 9 | Emerging patterns of complex technological innovation 显示文摘 | Kash D E Rycroft R W | 2002 | Technological Forecasting and Social Change2002，69，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Technology policy in the 21st century: How will we adapt to complexity? 显示文摘 | Kash E D Rycroft W R | 1998 | Science and Public Policy1998，25，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Global suppression of the host antiviral response by Ebo- la- and Marburg viruses: increased antagonism of the type I interferon response is associated with enhanced virulence显示文摘 | KASH J C MUHLBERGER E CARTER V | 2006 | J Virol2006，80，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Deficiency of adiponectin receptor 2 reduces diet - induced insulin resistance but promotes type 2 diabetes 显示文摘 | Liu Y Michael MD Kash S | 2007 | Endocrinology2007，148，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Emerging patterns of complex technological innovation显示文摘 | Kash D E Rycroft R | 2002 | Technological Forecasting and Social Change2002，，69： | 1 |
| 14 | Chitosan:properties,preparationsandapplicationtomicroparticulatesystems显示文摘 | KasHS | 1997 | JMicroencapsul1997，14，6： | 1 |
| 15 | Regeneration status of riparian tree species in two sites that differ in land-use in the Okavango Delta,Botswana显示文摘Human communities from the Okavango Delta benefit from the services and goods provided by the wetland ecosystem through its riparian vegetation.These include food and timber products used for the construction of shelter and canoes.Despite the importance of riparian tree species in the Delta,their regeneration structure is currently unknown.For riparian trees to be managed sustainably,information on the current regeneration status of the trees under different land uses is needed.The Moremi game reserve(protected area) and Seronga(communal area) were selected for this study on the regeneration of riparian tree species of Croton megalobotrys Mull.Arg,Philenoptera violacea(Klotzsch) Schrire,Senegalia nigrescens(Acacia nigrescens) Oliv and Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst.ex A.Dc.The height of each individual tree was estimated in randomly selected 30 plots(15 from each site) of 20 9 50 m for assignment to five regeneration classes:0–0.5,0.5–1,1–2,2–4 and >4 m.Linear regression was used to infer regeneration status of each species.An independent-sample Student's t test was used to determine any significance differences in seedling density/ha and sapling density/ha between different sites at p<0.05.Diospyros mespiliformis populations had an unstable regeneration structure in both sites,while P.violacea regeneration was stable regardless of land-use type.Croton megalobotrys and S.nigrescens had an unstable regeneration pattern in Seronga,while in Moremi it was stable;thus,the regeneration structure of C.megalobotrys and S.nigrescens is affected by land-use.This result implies that intervention is needed to conserve the two species in Seronga where the current land-use appears to be incompatible with regeneration;D.mespiliformis also needs to be conserved in both Moremi and Seronga. | Gaolathe Tsheboeng Mike Murray-Hudson Keotshephile Kashe | 2017 | Journal of Forestry Research2017，28，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Self-organizing innovation networks: implications for globalization显示文摘 | Don E Kash | 2004 | Technovation ELSEVIER2004，24，： | 1 |
| 17 | Ultraslow group velocity and enhanced nonlinear optical effects in a coherently driven hot atomic gas显示文摘 | | 1999 | Phys Rev Lett1999，82，： | 1 |
| 18 | Steering complex innovation显示文摘 | RYCROFT R W KASH 'D E | 2000 | Research Technology Management2000，，： | 1 |
| 19 | Patterns of innovating complex technologies:A framework for adaptive network strategies显示文摘 | Kash D E Rycoft R W | 2000 | Research Policy2000，29，： | 1 |
| 20 | Global host immue response:Dathogenesis and transcriptional profiling of type A influenza viruses expressing the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes from the 1918 pandemic virus显示文摘 | Kash JC Basler CF | 2004 | J Virol2004，78，17： | 1 |
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