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| 1 | Surgery for metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a narrative review显示文摘Background and Objective:Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(PanNETs)are derived from the islet cells of the pancreas and have been increasing in incidence.Most of these tumors are nonfunctional although some can secrete hormones and lead to hormone-specific clinical syndromes.Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for localized tumors,however,surgical resection is controversial in metastatic PanNETs.This narrative review seeks to summarize the current literature surrounding surgery,specifically in the controversial area of metastatic PanNETs,review current treatment paradigms,and understand the benefits of surgery in this group of patients.Methods:Authors searched PubMed using the terms“surgery pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor”,“metastatic neuroendocrine tumor”,and“liver debulking neuroendocrine tumor”from January 1990 to June 2022.Only English language publications were considered.Key Content and Findings:There is no consensus among the leading specialty organizations regarding surgery for metastatic PanNETs.When considering surgery for metastatic PanNETs,tumor grade and morphology,location of the primary tumor,extra-hepatic or extra-abdominal disease,as well as liver tumor burden and metastatic distribution should be considered.Because the liver is the most common site of metastasis and liver failure is the most common cause of death in patients with hepatic metastases,attention is centered here on debulking and other ablative techniques.Liver transplantation is rarely used for hepatic metastases but could be beneficial in a small subset of patients.Retrospective studies have demonstrated improvement in survival and symptoms after surgery for metastatic disease,but the lack of prospective randomized control trials significantly limits analysis of surgical benefits in patients with metastatic PanNETs.Conclusions:Surgery is the standard of care for localized PanNETs,while it remains controversial in metastatic disease.Many studies have shown a survival and symptomatic benefit to surgery and liver debulking in select groups of patients.However,most of the studies on which recommendations are based in this population are retrospective in nature and are subject to selection bias.This presents an opportunity for future investigation. | Jelani K.Williams Jason L.Schwarz Xavier M.Keutgen | 2023 | Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition2023，12，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Neuroinflammation of the nigrostriatal pathway during progressive 6‐OHDA dopamine degeneration in rats monitored by immunohistochemistry and PET imaging显示文摘 | F.Cicchetti A. L.Brownell K.Williams Y. I.Chen E.Livni O.Isacson | 2002 | European Journal of Neuroscience2002，，6： | 1 |
| 3 | Body image attitudes and concerns among indigenous Fijian and European Australian adolescent girls显示文摘 | Lauren K.Williams Lina A.Ricciardelli Marita P.McCabe Gade G.Waqa Kelera Bavadra | | 0，，03： | 1 |
| 4 | Effects of cell structure and density on the properties of high performance polyimide foams显示文摘 | Martha K.Williams Erik S.Weiser James E.Fesmire Brian W.Grimsley Trent M.Smith James R.Brenner Gordon L.Nelson | 2005 | Polym Adv Technol (鈥?)2005，，2： | 1 |
| 5 | 同一屋檐下显示文摘当我在长春藤缠绕的宿舍大楼踱步时——我指的是我几年前曾就读的大学里的宿舍大楼,偶尔会听到一些让我深有感触的谈话片段。“我想有自己的公寓,这样我就可以远离我妈了。”“哥们,那房子我一刻也待不下去了,我爸妈快把我逼疯了。” | Susan K.Williams 任来枫 | 2006 | 疯狂英语(阅读版)2006，0，3： | 0 |
| 6 | 双螺杆挤出机在弹性体连续加工中的改进显示文摘介绍了螺杆设计上的最新改进,该项技术可使大多数产品的生产率提高超过100%,在对胶料提供同等分散力的条件下,克服了原先在一批料连续加工中碰到的温度限制。并用具体实例阐述了在EPDM(三元乙丙胶)防水卷材胶料、EPDM汽车挡风胶条和含氟弹性体胶料的加工过程中所取得的进展。 | Walter A.Ploski Rodney K.Williams 田秀玲 | 2001 | 橡塑技术与装备2001，27，6： | 0 |
| 7 | An assessment of steady-state conditions in single slug horizontal pneumatic conveying显示文摘This study used a 3D coupled CFD–DEM model to assess how slugs tend towards steady state in single slug horizontal pneumatic conveying.Initial slug length,inlet velocity and initial stationary layer fractions were systematically varied for a total of 72 simulations.Previously made observation that slugs tend towards a steady state was confirmed via a theoretical derivation.The derivation shows that slugs move towards their steady state lengths exponentially.This allowed for a calculation of a characteristic time scale which is a measure of how quickly a slug tends towards the steady state.The theoretical estimate which is a function of slug porosity,steady length,velocity and stationary layer fraction has good agreement with simulated results.A link between steady slug length and solids loading ratio was also shown. | A.Lavrinec O.Orozovic H.Rajabnia K.Williams M.G.Jones G.E.Klinzing | 2021 | Particuology2021，19，5： | 0 |
| 8 | Gaia Journeys: a museum-based immersive performance exploration of the Earth显示文摘Gaia Journeys is a collaborative multimedia musical and virtual reality art performance conceived by author Williams,with the aid of staff at the Denver Museum of Nature&Science.Inspired by astronauts who spoke of seeing a border-less world from orbit,Gaia Journeys’chief goal was to deliver this experience to museum audiences via photo-realistic virtual depictions of the Earth(from orbit as well as via spherical photographic panoramas taken from the ground)choreographed to live musical accompaniment.Gaia Journeys took place in the high resolution digital‘fulldome’Gates Planetarium,withWilliams playing the violin and keyboards,enhancing a previously recorded backing track,while visuals were generated with SCISS AB’s Uniview.The eight tracks of audio were three-dimensionally spatialised to the 16.4 sound system of the Gates Planetarium,providing an immersive sound experience to match the visuals.The audience feedback was generally positive,with great interest in repeat or similar future programming.These visitor evaluations suggest the potent power of the new class of digital planetaria for displaying virtual globe datasets to the public,via both multimedia entertainment like Gaia Journeys as well as traditional lectures. | K.C.Yu K.Williams D.Neafus L.Gaston G.Downing | 2009 | International Journal of Digital Earth2009，2，1： | 0 |
| 9 | Effects of 7 years of field weathering on biochar recalcitrance and solubility显示文摘How weathering affects the physiochemical properties of biochar and its long-term carbon(C)sequestration potential remains unclear.In this study,we measured changes in biochar recalcitrance and solubility after 7 years of weathering in a cultivated field.Biochar recalcitrance and biodegradability of weathered and unweathered hardwood biochar mixtures were determined by thermal analysis(differential scanning calorimetry)and evolved gas analysis.Differences in biochar solubility and the chemical composition of biochar-derived dissolved organic carbon(DOC)were determined by repeated laboratory leaching and UV-Vis spectroscopy.The surface carbon-oxidation state(Cox)of biochar increased by 117.6-158.2%with weather-ing in the field,and there was an average of 0.9-1.2%decrease in biochar C contents per year.However,thermal indices of biochar recalcitrance and biodegradability,which suggested intermediate C sequestration potential,were not significantly different between weathered and unweathered biochars.The O:C ratio increased with weathering suggesting an increase in biodegradability,however,both weathered and unweathered biochars were still estimated to have half-lives of over 1000 years.Water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC)concentrations from the unweathered biochar rapidly decreased during laboratory leaching to levels similar to the field-weathered biochars,and aromaticity(SUVA_(254))of WSOC increased from 5.9%in the unweathered biochar to 42%aromaticity in the biochars weathered for 7 years.We conclude that during short-term(years)weathering under field conditions,there is continued solubilization of increasingly aromatic biochar-C compounds,however,this accounts for a relatively small proportion of biochar C such that there is little-to-no change in biochar stability or C sequestration potential after field application. | Elizabeth K.Williams Davey L.Jones Hannah R.Sanders Gabriel V.Benitez Alain F.Plante | 2019 | Biochar2019，1，3： | 0 |
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