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| 1 | A Novel Semiconductor CIGS Photovoltaic Material and Thin-Film ED Technology显示文摘In order to achieve low cost high efficiency thin film solar cells,a novel Semiconductor Photovoltaic (PV) active material CuIn 1-x Ga x Se 2 (CIGS) and thin film Electro Deposition (ED) technology is explored.Firstly,the PV materials and technologies is investigated,then the detailed experimental processes of CIGS/Mo/glass structure by using the novel ED technology and the results are reported.These results shows that high quality CIGS polycrystalline thin films can be obtained by the ED method,in which the polycrystalline CIGS is definitely identified by the (112),(204,220) characteristic peaks of the tetragonal structure,the continuous CIGS thin film layers with particle average size of about 2μm of length and around 1 6μm of thickness.The thickness and solar grade quality of CIGS thin films can be produced with good repeatability.Discussion and analysis on the ED technique,CIGS energy band and sodium (Na) impurity properties,were also performed.The alloy CIGS exhibits not only increasing band gap with increasing x ,but also a change in material properties that is relevant to the device operation.The beneficial impurity Na originating from the low cost soda lime glass substrate becomes one prerequisite for high quality CIGS films.These novel material and technology are very useful for low cost high efficiency thin film solar cells and other devices. | ZHENG Guang fu 1,YANG Hong xing 1,MAN Cheuk ho 1,WONG Wing lok 2, AN Da wei 1 and John BURNETT 1(1 Centre for Development of Solar Energy Technology,Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Hong Kong,C | 2001 | Journal of Semiconductors2001，22，11： | 10 |
| 2 | Structural immunology of costimualtory and coinhibitory molecules显示文摘The T cell costimulatory pathways are central to regulating immune responses,and targeting these pathways represents one of the most promising approaches for achieving immunotherapy.The molecular structures of costimulation revealed invaluable mechanistic insights underlying costimulatory receptor/ligand specificity,affinity,oligomeric state,and valency,which provided the bases for better manipulation of these signaling pathways.The incredible growth of this field led to identification of new members and unexpected interactions,revealing a complicated regulatory network of immune responses.The advances in structural biology of costimulation will promise unprecedented opportunities for furthering our understanding and therapeutic application of T cell costimulatory pathways. | WANG ShengDian1 & CHEN LiePing1,2 1Center for Infection and Immunity,Institute of Biophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China 2Department of Oncology,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,Baltimore,Maryland,USA | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，2： | 8 |
| 3 | Teracluster LSSC-II--Its designing principles and applications in large scale numerical simulations显示文摘The teracluster LSSC-II installed at the State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing, Chinese Academy of Sciences is one of the most powerful PC clusters in China. It has a peek performance of 2Tflops. With a Linpack performance of 1.04Tflops, it is ranked at the 43rd place in the 20th TOP500 List (November 2002), 51st place in the 21st TOP500 List (June 2003), and the 82nd place in the 22nd TOP500 List (November 2003) with a new Linpack performance of 1.3Tflops. In this paper, we present some design principles of this cluster, as well as its applications in some large-scale numerical simulations. | ZHANG Linbo, CHEN Shiyi, LI Xinliang, CAO Jianwen, ZHANG Wensheng & GONG XingaoState Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing, Academy of Mathematics and System Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University and Center for Computational Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100875, China Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China Parallel Computing Laboratory, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China Academy of Mathematics and System Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China Surface Physics Laboratory (National Key Laboratory), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433 Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China | 2004 | Science China Mathematics2004，47，z1： | 8 |
| 4 | 3-year Treatment of Tenofovir Alafenamide vs.Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate for Chronic HBV Infection in China显示文摘Background and Aims:Tenofovir alafenamide(TAF)has similar efficacy to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF)but with improved renal and bone safety in chronic hepatitis B patients studied outside of China.We report 3-year results from two phase 3 studies with TAF in China(Clinicaltrials.gov:NCT02836249 and NCT02836236).Methods:Chinese hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-positive and-negative chronic hepatitis B patients with viremia and elevated alanine aminotransferase were randomized 2:1 to TAF or TDF treatment groups and treated in a double-blind fashion for 144 weeks(3 years).Efficacy responses were assessed by individual study while safety was assessed by a pooled analysis.Results:Of the 334 patients(180 HBeAg-positive and 154 HBeAg-negative)randomized and treated,baseline characteristics were similar between groups.The overall mean age was 38 years and 73%were male.The mean HBV DNA was 6.4 log10 IU/mL.The median alanine aminotransferase was 88 U/L,and 37%had a history of antiviral use.At week 144,the proportion with HBV DNA<29 IU/mL was similar among the two groups,with TAF at 83%vs.TDF at 79%,and TAF at 93%vs.TDF at 92%for the HBeAg-positive and-negative patients,respectively.In each study,higher proportions of TAF than TDF patients showed normalized alanine aminotransferase(via the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the China criteria)and showed loss of HBsAg;meanwhile,the HBeAg seroconversion rates were similar.Treatment was well-tolerated among the TAF patients,who showed a smaller median decline in creatinine clearance(−0.4 vs.−3.2 mL/min;p=0.014)and less percentage change in bone mineral density vs.TDF at hip(−0.95%vs.−1.93%)and spine(+0.35%vs.−1.40%).Conclusions:In chronic hepatitis B patients from China,TAF treatment provided efficacy similar to TDF but with better renal and bone safety at 3 years. | Jinlin Hou Qin Ning Zhongping Duan You Chen Qing Xie Fu-Sheng Wang Lunli Zhang Shanming Wu Hong Tang Jun Li Feng Lin Yongfeng Yang Guozhong Gong John FFlaherty Anuj Gaggar Shuyuan Mo Cong Cheng Gregory Camus Chengwei Chen Yan Huang Jidong Jia Mingxiang Zhang GS-US-320-0110 and GS-US-320-0108 China Investigators | 2021 | Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology2021，9，3： | 7 |
| 5 | Microarray,SAGE and their applications to cardiovascular diseases显示文摘The wealth of DNA data generated by the human genome project coupling with recently invented high-throughput gene expression profiling techniques has dramatically sped up the process for biomedical researchers on elucidating the role of genes in human diseases. One powerful method to reveal insight into gene functions is the systematic analysis of gene expression. Two popular high-throughput gene expression technologies, microarray and Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) are capable of producing large amounts of gene expression data with the potential of providing novel insights into fundamental disease processes, especially complex syndromes such as cardiovascular disease, whose etiologies are due to multiple genetic factors and their interplay with the environment. Microarray and SAGE have already been used to examine gene expression patterns of cell-culture, animal and human tissues models of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we will first give a brief introduction of microarray and SAGE technologies and point out their limitations. We will then discuss the major discoveries and the new biological insightsthat have emerged from their applications to cardiovascular diseases. Finally we will touch upon potential challenges and future developments in this area. | SHUI QING YE, TERA LAVOIE, DAVID C USHER, LI Q. ZHANG1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA2Department of Biological Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA | 2002 | Cell Research2002，12，2： | 5 |
| 6 | Quantum dynamics study for reaction of H_2 + OD→H + HOD显示文摘TIME-dependent (TD) quantum wave packet theory, with a relatively small amount of computational effort, has been widely used in quantum dynamics calculation of atom and molecule reaction scattering. Many computational scaling advantages of the TD method can be found apparently in polyatomic system. In this note, by using the TD quantum wave packet method with the potential-averaged 5D model (PA5D), we give the calculated results of reaction probabilities, cross sections and rate constants for the H2 + OD reaction. The energyprojection method is used to transform the TD wave function into the TI (energy-indepen- | ZHANG Yici, ZHANG Yanbing, ZHANG DeshengZHANG Qinggang, Dong H. Zhang and John Z. H. Zhang1. Department of Physics, Shandong Teachers University, Jinan 250014, China 2. Department of Chemistry, New York Uni versity, New York 10003, USA | 1997 | Chinese Science Bulletin1997，42，2： | 4 |
| 7 | Tyrosine metabolic enzymes from insects and mammals:A comparative perspective显示文摘在在昆虫和哺乳动物之间的酷氨酸的新陈代谢的差别举分子的进化的一个有趣的例子。昆虫和哺乳动物拥有酶的调整系统为酷氨酸代谢物遇见他们的特定的要求;然而,涉及酷氨酸新陈代谢的更相应的酶出现在许多昆虫种类。没有现代 genomics 的知识,一个人可能假定哺乳动物,通常比昆虫更复杂并且为重要 catecholamine neurotransmitters 并且为黑素作为一位先锋要求酷氨酸,应该拥有更多的酶控制酷氨酸新陈代谢。因此,昆虫为什么实际上拥有更多的酷氨酸的问题新陈代谢的酶相当有趣。昆虫为表皮变硬并且为天生的有免疫力的回答重重地依靠酷氨酸新陈代谢,这长被知道了,并且这些进化限制是可能的这个问题的关键答案。以 melanogenesis,哺乳动物也拥有规定的高水平;而昆虫加速象 melanogenesis 一样的小径必须因此忍受增加的氧化压力,然而哺乳动物的系统为 detoxification 拥有更多的机制。我们的研究组有机会描绘从昆虫和哺乳动物涉及酷氨酸新陈代谢的许多关键蛋白质的结构和功能。在这微型评论,我们将与昆虫相比在哺乳动物的一个进化观点的范围给我们关于酷氨酸的研究的简短概述新陈代谢的酶。 | Christopher John Vavricka Qian Han Prajwalini Mehere Haizhen Ding Bruce M. Christensen and Jianyong Li | 2014 | Insect Science2014，21，1： | 4 |
| 8 | ERODIBILITY CRITERION FOR AUXILIARY SPILLWAYS OF DAMS显示文摘The ability to reliably design auxiliary spillways has become a pressing requirement because of the very large number of dams involved. An empirical classification index representing the erosional resistance of the overall range of particulate, jointed, and intact earth materials is presented and correlated for a number of practical cases from Arkansas and Kansas in the United States of America and from South Africa with the specific stream power of flows observed to be associated with various degrees of erosion. The United States Department of Agriculture data base and the format in which the dare were prepared for the purposes herein, are deseribed in detail. The modes of erosion that occur in spillways are defined.Guidelines are provided for evaluating the failure status of an erosion damaged spillway that enables determination of whether the incident specific stream power exceeded, equalled, or fell below the erosional resistance of various sections of the ground profile affected. The correlation function between specific stream power and erodibility index provides the required design criterion. | Hendrik A. D. Kirsten (Steffen, Robertson, and Kirsten, Ine., Box 55291 Northlands 2116, S. Africa)John S. Moore(Natural Resources Conservation Service, USDA, Box 2890, Washington, DC 20013)Louis H. Kirsten(Civil & Structural Engineering Dept., Iscor Mini | 2000 | International Journal of Sediment Research2000，15，1： | 4 |
| 9 | Selenium and Iodine Deficiencies and Selenoprotein Function显示文摘This paper reviews some recent findings on the interactions between selenium deficiency and iodine deficency. Both micronutrients can control the levels of selenoprotein mRNAs, particularly in the thyroid and brain. When selenium and iodine supplies are limiting the compensatory mechanisms work to minimise adverse effects on thyroid hormone metabolsm and thus neurological developtnent. The mechanisms for regulation of selenoproteins in selenium and iodine deficiency are however very tissue-specific. For example, unlike the brain and thyroid,brown adipose tissue is unable to retain selenoproteins in selenium and iodine deficiency and is therefore at greater risk from injurious effects of the deficiencies. | JOHN R. ARTHUR FERGUS NICOL JULIE H. MITCHELL AND GEOFFREY J. BECKETT(Division Of Biochemical Sciences, Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK Cellular Endocrinology Unit,University Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The Royal In | 1997 | Biomedical and Environmental Sciences1997，10，2： | 2 |
| 10 | Macroinvertebrate assemblages of surface mine wetlands of Southwest Virginia,USA显示文摘MacroinvertebrateassemblagesofsurfaceminewetlandsofSouthwestVirginia,USA￥DavidH.Jones;RobertB.Atkinson;JohnCairns,Jr.(Departm... | David H.Jones Robert B. Atkinson John Cairns,Jr.(Department of Biology,Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg,Virginia 24061 USA) | 1996 | Journal of Environmental Sciences1996，8，1： | 2 |
| 11 | LOV to BLUF: Flavoprotein Contributions to the Optogenetic Toolkit显示文摘Optogenetics 是联合光、基因的途径 non-invasively 与优美空间与时间的控制防碍细胞的事件的一块新兴的地。尽管它从神经科学原来产生了, optogenetics 对许多不同生物系统的学习广泛地适用,从这种技术产生的应用程序的范围继续增加。而且,使用设计新 optogenetic 工具的光敏感的蛋白质的全部剧目很快正在膨胀。察觉到的光,氧,或电压和 Blue-Light-Utilizing 黄素腺嘌 dinucleotide (一度时髦的风尚)(BLUF )(LOV ) 领域代表新贡献者到 optogenetic 工具箱。这些小(100140-amino 酸) 黄素蛋白模块从对 UV-A/blue 光作出回应的植物和细菌的光敏电阻器被导出。在最近的年里,可观的进步在揭开被成为了 LOV 和 BLUF 领域的 photoactivation 机制。这知识在合成 photoswitches 的设计被使用了并且荧光灯有在房间生物学和生物工学的应用的记者。在这评论,我们总结 LOV 和 BLUF photosensors 的光化学的性质并且加亮一些这些黄素蛋白怎么正在被采用人工地调整并且想象的最近的进展许多生物过程。 | John M. Christie Jayde Gawthorne Gillian Young Niall J. Fraser^c and Andrew J. Roe | 2012 | Molecular Plant2012，5，3： | 2 |
| 12 | Importance-Performance Analysis 显示文摘 | Martilla John A and John C James | 1977 | Journal of Marketing1977，，： | 1 |
| 13 | Harvard Business ReviewExploiting the Virtual Value Chain显示文摘 | | 1995 | Harvard Business School Press1995，，： | 1 |
| 14 | WTO Dispute Procedures, Standard of Review, and Deference to National Govern-ments 显示文摘 | Steven P Croley and John H Jackson | 1996 | American Journal of International Law1996，，： | 1 |
| 15 | Role Conflict and Ambiguity in Complex Organizations显示文摘 | John R Rizzo Robert J House and Sidney I Lirtzman | 1970 | Administrative Science Quarterly1970，15，02： | 1 |
| 16 | Emerging mini- mally invasive techniques for treating localized prostate cancer 显示文摘 | Shwan Ahmed Bronagh Lindsey and John Davies | 2005 | BJU International2005，96，： | 1 |
| 17 | The ductility reduction factor in the seismic design ofbuildings显示文摘 | Nelson Lam John Wilson and Graham Hutchinson | 1998 | Earthquake Engng1998，，27： | 1 |
| 18 | Property Rights and Na- ture of the Firm显示文摘 | Hart Oliver and John Moore | 1990 | Journal of Political Economy1990，，98： | 1 |
| 19 | Gone but not forgotten : knowledge flows, labor mobility, and enduring social relationships 显示文摘 | Ajay Agrawal lain Cockbum and John McHale | 2006 | Journal of Economic Geography2006，，6： | 1 |
| 20 | 'The Evolution of macro models at the Federal Reserve Board' 显示文摘 | Flint Levin Andrew Tryon Ralph and Williams John C | 1997 | Carnegie-Roehester Conference Series on Public Policy 471997，，47： | 1 |
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