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| 1 | 2024 Adult Compendium of Physical Activities:A third update of the energy costs of human activities显示文摘Background:The Compendium of Physical Activities was published in 1993 to improve the comparability of energy expenditure values assigned to self-reported physical activity(PA)across studies.The original version was updated in 2000,and again in 2011,and has been widely used to support PA research,practice,and public health guidelines.Methods:This 2024 update was tailored for adults 19-59 years of age by removing data from those≥60 years.Using a systematic review and supplementary searches,we identified new activities and their associated measured metabolic equivalent(MET)values(using indirect calorimetry)published since 2011.We replaced estimated METs with measured values when possible.Results:We screened 32,173 abstracts and 1507 full-text papers and extracted 2356 PA energy expenditure values from 701 papers.We added303 new PAs and adjusted 176 existing MET values and descriptions to reflect the addition of new data and removal of METs for older adults.We added a Major Heading(Video Games).The 2024 Adult Compendium includes 1114 PAs(912 with measured and 202 with estimated values)across 22 Major Headings.Conclusion:This comprehensive update and refinement led to the creation of The 2024 Adult Compendium,which has utility across research,public health,education,and healthcare domains,as well as in the development of consumer health technologies.The new website with the complete lists of PAs and supporting resources is available at http://gffzz09a845152db44f16sun96x6nvnq9n66cq.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn. | Stephen D.Herrmann Erik A.Willis Barbara E.Ainsworth Tiago V.Barreira Mary Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht John M.Schuna Jr. Zhenghui Cai Minghui Quan Catrine Tudor-Locke Melicia C.Whitt-Glover David R. Jacobs Jr. | 2024 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2024，13，1： | 4 |
| 2 | 从儿童期到青年期肥胖增加与左室质量增加之间的关系显示文摘This study evaluated the influence of adiposity on the progression of left ventricular(LV) mass from childhood to adulthood and the relation of LV mass to insulin resistance in young adulthood. One hundred thirty-two healthy children recruited into a longitudinal study at a mean age of 13 years and reevaluated at 27 years, at which time insulin resistance studies were also performed, were studied. Echocardiographic assessment of LV mass was made and indexed for height2.7. Body mass index(BMI) at 13 years was highly correlated with BMI at 27 years, as was LV mass index at 13 and 27 years. The cross-sectional correlation of LV mass index and BMI at 13 years(r=0.38, p< 0.0001) had strengthened considerably by 27 years(r=0.55, p< 0.0001). A BMI increase ≥5.5 kg/m2 from 13 to 27 years was associated with a significantly greater increase in the LV mass index(p< 0.0001) than a BMI change< 5.5 kg/m2, and this relation was similar in children who were thin and heavy at baseline. In young adulthood, the relation of LV mass index to lean mass was weaker than that of LV mass index to fat mass. The association of LV mass with insulin resistance was dependent on adiposity. In conclusion, adiposity and LV mass are related in childhood, and this association tracks and becomes stronger in young adulthood. Moreover, the increase in LV mass from childhood to young adulthood is related to the degree of increase in BMI, independent of BMI at 13 years, suggesting that an excessive increase in LV mass could be limited by controlling gain in body fat during adolescence. | Sivanandam S. Sinaiko A.R. Jacobs Jr. D.R. J. Steinberger 雷聪 | 2006 | 世界核心医学期刊文摘(心脏病学分册)2006，，12： | 0 |
| 3 | Effects of vertical position on trematode parasitism in larval anurans显示文摘Spatial distributions of animals can affect interactions with their natural enemies,such as parasites,and thus have important implications for host-parasite dynamics.While spatial variation in infection risk has been explored in many systems at the landscape scale,less attention has been paid to spatial structure at smaller scales.Here,we explore a hypothesized relationship between a common spatial variable,vertical position,and risk of parasite infection in a model aquatic system,larval frogs(Rana)and trematode(Digenea)parasites.Vertical position is relevant to this system given evidence that the densities of snail first intermediate hosts,tadpole second intermediate hosts,and trematode infective stages can vary with depth.To test the effects of depth on infection risk of larval frogs by trematodes,we performed two enclosure experiments,one in the laboratory and one in the field,in which larval frogs in cages just below the water surface or near the bottom of the water column were exposed to parasites.Compared with near-surface cages,mean infection load(number of cysts)in tadpoles in near-bottom cages was 83%higher after 48-h exposures in the laboratory and 730%higher after 10-day exposures in the field.Our findings thus indicate that infection risk depends on depth,which may have adaptive significance,as tadpoles have previously been shown to change vertical position in response to parasite presence.These results motivate future work examining vertical variation in infection risk and may have broader implications for host-parasite dynamics and evolution of host and parasite behavior. | Jacob R.JONES Camille L.STEENROD John A.MARINO Jr. | 2019 | Current Zoology2019，65，6： | 0 |
| 4 | Effects of PGC-1αoverexpression on the myogenic response during skeletal muscle regeneration显示文摘The ability of skeletal muscle to regenerate from injury is crucial for locomotion,metabolic health,and quality of life.Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γcoactivator-1α(PGC1A)is a transcriptional coactivator required for mitochondrial biogenesis.Increased mitochondrial biogenesis is associated with improved muscle cell differentiation,however PGC1A's role in skeletal muscle regeneration following damage requires further investigation.The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of skeletal muscle-specific PGC1A overexpression during regeneration following damage.22 C57BL/6J(WT)and 26 PGC1A muscle transgenic(A1)mice were injected with either phosphate-buffered saline(PBS,uninjured control)or Bupivacaine(MAR,injured)into their tibialis anterior(TA)muscle to induce skeletal muscle damage.TA muscles were extracted 3-or 28-days postinjury and analyzed for markers of regenerative myogenesis and protein turnover.Pgc1a mRNA was~10–20 fold greater in A1 mice.Markers of protein synthesis,AKT and 4EBP1,displayed decreases in A1 mice compared to WT at both timepoints indicating a decreased protein synthetic response.Myod mRNA was~75%lower compared to WT 3 days post-injection.WT mice exhibited decreased cross-sectional area of the TA muscle at 28 days post-injection with bupivacaine compared to all other groups.PGC1A overexpression modifies the myogenic response during regeneration. | Tyrone A.Washington Wesley S.Haynie Eleanor R.Schrems Richard A.Perry Jr. Lemuel A.Brown Breanna M.Williams Megan E.Rosa-Caldwell David E.Lee Jacob L.Brown | 2022 | Sports Medicine and Health Science2022，4，3： | 0 |
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