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| 1 | Are faecal markers good indicators of mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel disease?显示文摘AIM: To review the published literature concerning the accuracy of faecal inflammatory markers for identifying mucosal healing. METHODS: Bibliographical searches were performed in MEDLINE electronic database up to February 2015,using the following terms: 'inflammatory bowel disease','Crohn′s disease','ulcerative colitis','faecal markers','calprotectin','lactoferrin','S100A12','endoscop*','mucosal healing','remission'. In addition,relevant references from these studies were also included. Data were extracted from the published papers including odds ratios with 95%CI,P values and correlation coefficients. Data were grouped together according to each faecal marker,Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis,and paediatric compared with adult study populations. Studies included in this review assessed mucosal inflammation by endoscopic and/or histological means and compared these findings to faecal marker concentrations in inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD) patient cohorts. Articles had to be published between 1990 and February 2015 and written in English. Papers excluded from the review were those where the faecal biomarker concentration was compared between patients with IBD and controls or other disease groups,those where serum biomarkers were used,those with a heterogeneous study population and those only assessing post-operative disease. RESULTS: The available studies show that faecal markers,such as calprotectin and lactoferrin,are promising non-invasive indicators of mucosal healing. However,due to wide variability in study design,especially with regard to the definition of mucosal healing and evaluation of marker cut offs,the available data do not yet indicate the optimal roles of these markers. Thirty-six studies published between 1990 and 2014 were included. Studies comprised variable numbers of study participants,considered CD(15-164 participants) or UC(12-152 participants) separately or as a combined group(11-252 participants). Eight reports included paediatric patients. Several indices were used to document mucosal inflammation,encompassing elevenendoscopic and eight histologic grading systems. The majority of the available reports focused on faecal calprotectin(33 studies),whilst others assessed faecal lactoferrin(13 studies) and one study assessed S100A12. Across all of the biomarkers,there is a wide range of correlation describing the association between faecal markers and endoscopic disease activity(r values ranging from 0.32 to 0.87,P values ranging from < 0.0001 to 0.7815). Correlation coefficients are described in almost all studies and are used more commonly than outcome measures such as sensitivity,specificity,PPV and/or NPV. Overall,the studies that have evaluated faecal calprotectin and/or faecal lactoferrin and their relationship with endoscopic disease activity show inconsistent results. CONCLUSION: Future studies should report the results of faecal inflammatory markers in the context of mucosal healing with clear validated cut offs. | Gudula JAM Boon Andrew S Day Chris J Mulder Richard B Gearry | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，40： | 4 |
| 2 | Preparation of hoki (Johnius belengerii) bone oligophosphopeptide with a high affinity to calcium by carnivorous intestine crude proteinase 显示文摘 | Won Kyo J Pyo Jam P Hee Guk B | 2005 | Pood Chemistry2005，，91： | 1 |
| 3 | Mechanisms of membrane toxicity of hydrocarbons 显示文摘 | Sikkema J Debont JAM Poolman B | 1995 | Microbiological Reviews1995，59，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Increased proteasome dependant degradation of cyclin-dependant kinase inhibitor p27(Kipl) in aggressive colorectal carcinomas显示文摘 | Loda M Cukor B Jam SW | 1997 | Nat Med1997，3，2： | 1 |
| 5 | 显示文摘 | Sikkema J De Bont JAM Poolman B | 1995 | Microbiol Rev1995，59，： | 1 |
| 6 | New reflector-backed Fresnel zone plate antenna using electromagnetic band gap显示文摘 | NEYESTANAK A A L JAM R J BIGLARBEGIAN B | 2010 | IET Microwave Antenna Propagation2010，4，7： | 1 |
| 7 | Mechanisms of Membrane Toxicity of Hydrocarbons显示文摘 | Sikkema J de Bont JAM Poolman B | 1995 | Annual Review of Microbiology1995，59，： | 1 |
| 8 | Extraction of organic pollutants from solid samples using microwave energy显示文摘 | VLORLCA L A RICHARD Y JAM B | 1995 | Anal Chem1995，67，： | 1 |
| 9 | Characteristics andutilisation of copper slag - a review 显示文摘 | Gorai B Jam R K Premchand J R | 2003 | Resources Conservation and Recycling2003，39，4： | 1 |
| 10 | A draft-tube spouted bed as small scale grain drier显示文摘 | Jams R M Leo A B | 1988 | Can J Chem Eng1988，66，6： | 1 |
| 11 | Systematic Review of Perioperative and Quality-of-life Outcomes Following Surgical Management of Localised Renal Cancer显示文摘 | Steven MacLennan Mari Imamura Marie C. Lapitan Muhammad Imran Omar Thomas B.L. Lam Ana M. Hilvano-Cabungcal Pam Royle Fiona Stewart Graeme MacLennan Sara J. MacLennan Philipp Dahm Steven E. Canfield Sam McClinton T.R. Leyshon Griffiths B?rje Ljungberg Jam | 2012 | European Urology2012，，6： | 1 |
| 12 | A Draft-iube spouted bed as small sc ale grain Drier显示文摘 | JAMS R M LEO A B | 1988 | Can J Chem Eng1988，66，6： | 1 |
| 13 | Inceresed proteasone dependent kinase inhibitor p27 in aggressive colorectal carcinomas显示文摘 | Maeda-Loda M Cukor B Jam SW | 1997 | Nat Med1997，3，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Synthesis,SAR and biological evaluation of 1,6-disubstituted-1Hpyrazolopyrimidines as dual inhibitors of aurora kinases and CDK1显示文摘 | Le BRAZIDEC J Y PASIS A JAM B | 2012 | Bioorg Med Chem Lett2012，22，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Effect ofpolyphe- nol concentration on pyrazine formation during cocoa liquor roasting显示文摘 | MISNAWI S JINAP S JAM/LAb/B | 2004 | Food Chemistry2004，85，1： | 1 |
| 16 | A Robust and Fast Skew Detection Algorithm for Generic Documents 显示文摘 | B Yu A K Jam | 1996 | Pattern Recognition1996，29，10： | 1 |
| 17 | Preparation ofMicrospheres by the Solvent Evaporation Technique显示文摘 | PATRICK B O'DONNELL JAMS W | 1997 | AdvancedDrug Delivery Reviews1997，28，： | 1 |
| 18 | A simulation model of the comminution - liberation of recy - cling systems - relationships between product design and the liberation of materials during recycling显示文摘 | CASTRO M B JAM REMMERSWAAL JC BREZET | 2005 | International Journal of Mineral Processing2005，75，34： | 1 |
| 19 | Characteristics and Utilisation of Copper Slag-a review显示文摘 | CORAI B JAM R K PREMCHAND J R | 2003 | Resources Conservation and Recycling2003，39，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Mechanisms of membrane toxicity of hydrocarbons显示文摘 | Sikkema J de Bont JAM Poolman B | 1995 | Microbiological Reviews1995，59，2： | 1 |
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