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| 1 | 2018 Chinese Pediatric Cardiology Society(CPCS) guideline for diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents显示文摘Syncope belongs to the transient loss of consciousness(TLOC), characterized by a rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous complete recovery. It is common in children and adolescents, accounting for 1% to 2% of emergency department visits.Recurrent syncope can seriously affect children's physical and mental health, learning ability and quality of life and sometimes cardiac syncope even poses a risk of sudden death. The present guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was developed for guiding a better clinical management of pediatric syncope. Based on the globally recent development and the evidence-based data in China, 2018 Chinese Pediatric Cardiology Society(CPCS) guideline for diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was jointly prepared by the Pediatric Cardiology Society, Chinese Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association(CMA)/Committee on Pediatric Syncope, Pediatricians Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Committee on Pediatric Cardiology, Chinese College of Cardiovascular Physicians, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Pediatric Cardiology Society, Beijing Pediatric Society, Beijing Medical Association(BMA). The present guideline includes the underlying diseases of syncope in children and adolescents, the diagnostic procedures, methodology and clinical significance of standing test and headup tilt test, the clinical diagnosis vasovagal syncope, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic hypertension, and the treatment of syncope as well as follow-up. | Cheng Wang Yaqi Li Ying Liao Hong Tian Min Huang Xiangyu Dong Lin Shi Jinghui Sun Hongfang Jin Junbao Du Jindou An Jie Chen Mingwu Chen Qi Chen Sun Chen Yonghong Chen Zhi Chen Adolphus Kai-tung Chau Junbao Du Zhongdong Du Junkai Duan Hongyu Duan Xiangyu Dong Lin Feng Lijun Fu Fangqi Gong Yonghao Gui Ling Han Zhenhui Han Bing He Zhixu He Xiufen Hu Yimin Hua Guoying Huang Min Huang Ping Huang Yujuan Huang Hongfang Jin Mei Jin Bo Li Fen Li Tao Li Xiaohui Li Xiaoyan Liu Yan Li Haitao Lv Tiewei Lv Zipu Li Luyi Ma Silin Pan Yusheng Pang Hua Peng Yuming Qin Jie Shen Lin Shi Kun Sun Jinghui Sun Hong Tian Jie Tian Cheng Wang Hong Wang Lei Wang Jinju Wang Wendi Wang Yuli Wang Rongzhou Wu Tianhe Xia Yanyan Xiao Chunhong Xie Yanlin Xing Zhenyu Xiong Baoyuan Xu Yi Xu Hui Yan Shiwei Yang Qijian Yi Xia Yu Xianyi Yu Yue Yuan Hongyan Zhang Huili Zhang Li Zhang Qingyou Zhang Xi Zhang Yanmin Zhang Zhiwei Zhang Cuifen Zhao Bin Zhou Hua Zhu | 2018 | Science Bulletin2018，63，23： | 54 |
| 2 | Chinese Stroke Association guidelines for clinical management of cerebrovascular disorders: executive summary and 2019 update of clinical management of ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases显示文摘Aim Stroke is the leading cause of disability and death in China.Ischaemic stroke accounts for about 60%-80%of all strokes.It is of considerable significance to carry out multidimensional management of ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases.This evidence-based guideline aims to provide the latest detailed and comprehensive recommendations on the diagnosis,treatment and secondary prevention of ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases.Methods We had performed comprehensive searches of MEDLINE(via PubMed)(before 30 June 2019),and integrated the relevant information into charts and distributed to the writing group.Writing group members discussed and determined the recommendations through teleconference.We used the level of evidence grading algorithm of Chinese Stroke Association to grade each recommendation.The draft was reviewed by the Guideline Writing Committee of Chinese Stroke Association Stroke and finalised.This guideline is fully updated every 3 years.results This evidence-based guideline is based on the treatment,care and prevention of ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases,which emphasises on pathogenesis evaluation,intravenous thrombolysis,endovascular therapy,antiplatelet therapy,prevention and treatment of complications,and risk factor management.Conclusions This updated guideline presents a framework for the management of ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases.Timely first-aid measures,professional care in the acute stage,and proactive secondary prevention will be helpful to patients. | Liping Liu Weiqi Chen Hongyu Zhou Wanying Duan Shujuan Li Xiaochuan Huo Weihai Xu Li'an Huang Huaguang Zheng Jingyi Liu Hui Liu Yufei Wei Jie Xu Yongjun Wang | 2020 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2020，5，2： | 42 |
| 3 | Sonodynamic therapy(SDT): a novel strategy for cancer nanotheranostics显示文摘Sonodynamic therapy(SDT) is a promising non-invasive therapeutic modality. Compared to photo-inspired therapy, SDT provides many opportunities and benefits, including deeper tissue penetration, high precision, less side effects, and good patient compliance. Thanks to the facile engineerable nature of nanotechnology, nanoparticles-based sonosensitizers exhibit predominant advantages, such as increased SDT efficacy, binding avidity, and targeting specificity. This review aims to summarize the possible mechanisms of SDT, which can be expected to provide the theoretical basis for SDT development in the future. We also extensively discuss nanoparticle-assisted sonosensitizers to enhance the outcome of SDT. Additionally, we focus on the potential strategy of combinational SDT with other therapeutic modalities and discuss the limitations and challenges of SDT toward clinical applications. | Xueting Pan Hongyu Wang Shunhao Wang Xiao Sun Lingjuan Wang Weiwei Wang Heyun Shen Huiyu Liu | 2018 | Science China(Life Sciences)2018，61，4： | 26 |
| 4 | Clinical characteristics and response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors of patients with non-small cell lung cancer harboring uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor mutations显示文摘Objective: To investigate the clinical features of patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) harboring uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) mutations, and the treatment outcomes of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs) in these patients.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 128 NSCLC patients pathologically diagnosed with uncommon EGFR mutation in the Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Hospital from January 2010 to December 2015, including 40 advanced patients who received EGFR-TKI.Results: Among the total 128 patients, 11 patients were non-adenocarcinoma, including squamous carcinoma(3.9%), adenosquamous carcinoma(2.3%), large cell carcinoma(0.8%), and composite neuroendocrine carcinoma(1.6%). Single mutations accounted for 75.0%(96/128), including G719X(29.7%), S768I(18.0%), 20 exon insertion(13.3%), L861Q(12.5%), De novo T790M(0.8%), and T725(0.8%). Thirty-two patients harbored complex mutations. Forty advanced patients received EGFR-TKI, the objective response rate(ORR) was 20.0%,the disease control rate(DCR) was 85.0%, and the progression-free survival(PFS) was 6.4 [95% confidence interval(95% CI), 4.8–7.9] months. The exploratory analysis of tumor response and PFS in 33 patients with G719X/S768I/L861 Q subtypes showed that ORR was 21.2%(7/33), the DCR was 93.9%(31/33), and PFS was 7.6(95% CI, 5.8–9.4) months. Patients with exon 20 insertion mutation and De novo T790 M experienced rapid disease progression with PFS no more than 2.7 months.Conclusions: Uncommon EGFR-mutant NSCLCs are heterogeneous, EGFR-TKIs can have different efficacy in this specific subtype, and thus further individual assessment is required for each case. | Yan Zhang Zheng Wang Xuezhi Hao Xingsheng Hu Hongyu Wang Yan Wang Jianming Ying | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2017，29，1： | 19 |
| 5 | Metal Flowing of Involute Spline Cold Roll-beating Forming显示文摘The present research on involute spline cold roll-beating forming is mainly about the principles and motion relations of cold roll-beating,the theory of roller design,and the stress and strain field analysis of cold roll-beating,etc.However,the research on law of metal flow in the forming process of involute spline cold roll-beating is rare.According to the principle of involute spline cold roll-beating,the contact model between the rollers and the spline shaft blank in the process of cold roll-beating forming is established,and the theoretical analysis of metal flow in the cold roll-beating deforming region is proceeded.A finite element model of the spline cold roll-beating process is established,the formation mechanism of the involute spline tooth profile in cold roll-beating forming process is studied,and the node flow tracks of the deformation area are analyzed.The experimental research on the metal flow of cold roll-beating spline is conducted,and the metallographic structure variation,grain characteristics and metal flow line of the different tooth profile area are analyzed.The experimental results show that the particle flow directions of the deformable bodies in cold roll-beating deformation area are determined by the minimum moving resistance.There are five types of metal flow rules of the deforming region in the process of cold roll-beating forming.The characteristics of involute spline cold roll-beating forming are given,and the forming mechanism of involute spline cold roll-beating is revealed.This paper researches the law of metal flow in the forming process of involute spline cold roll-beating,which provides theoretical supports for solving the tooth profile forming quality problem. | CUI Fengkui WANG Xiaoqiang ZHANG Fengshou XU Hongyu QUAN Jianhui LI Yan | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2013，26，5： | 19 |
| 6 | Recombinant protein subunit vaccine booster following two-dose inactivated vaccines dramatically enhanced anti-RBD responses and neutralizing titers against SARS-CoV-2 and Variants of Concern显示文摘Dear Editor,As of October,2021,SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 230 million people;promoting roll-out vaccinations could help build herd immunity for the pandemic.However,the waning of antibody in magnitude and decreased protective efficacy in multiple types of vaccines have been reported. | Jingwen Ai Haocheng Zhang Qiran Zhang Yi Zhang Ke Lin Zhangfan Fu Jieyu Song Yuanhan Zhao Mingxiang Fan Hongyu Wang Chao Qiu Yang Zhou Wenhong Zhang | 2022 | Cell Research2022，32，1： | 19 |
| 7 | Dual Extended Kalman Filter for Combined Estimation of Vehicle State and Road Friction显示文摘Vehicle state and tire-road adhesion are of great use and importance to vehicle active safety control systems. However, it is always not easy to obtain the information with high accuracy and low expense. Recently, many estimation methods have been put forward to solve such problems, in which Kalman filter becomes one of the most popular techniques. Nevertheless, the use of complicated model always leads to poor real-time estimation while the role of road friction coefficient is often ignored. For the purpose of enhancing the real time performance of the algorithm and pursuing precise estimation of vehicle states, a model-based estimator is proposed to conduct combined estimation of vehicle states and road friction coefficients. The estimator is designed based on a three-DOF vehicle model coupled with the Highway Safety Research Institute(HSRI) tire model; the dual extended Kalman filter (DEKF) technique is employed, which can be regarded as two extended Kalman filters operating and communicating simultaneously. Effectiveness of the estimation is firstly examined by comparing the outputs of the estimator with the responses of the vehicle model in CarSim under three typical road adhesion conditions(high-friction, low-friction, and joint-friction). On this basis, driving simulator experiments are carried out to further investigate the practical application of the estimator. Numerical results from CarSim and driving simulator both demonstrate that the estimator designed is capable of estimating the vehicle states and road friction coefficient with reasonable accuracy. The DEKF-based estimator proposed provides the essential information for the vehicle active control system with low expense and decent precision, and offers the possibility of real car application in future. | ZONG Changfu HU Dan ZHENG Hongyu | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2013，26，2： | 18 |
| 8 | Clinical significance of gastrostomy for patients injury percutaneous endoscopic with severe craniocerebral显示文摘 | Tian Yong Du Hanggen Fan Chengpu Wang Cheng Zhang Guojun Chen Li Li Hongyu | 2014 | Chinese Journal of Traumatology2014，17，6： | 18 |
| 9 | Characterization and enrichment of hepatic progenitor cells in adult rat liver显示文摘AIM: To detect the markers of oval cells in adult rat liver and to enrich them for further analysis of characterization in vitro.METHODS: Rat model for hepatic oval cell proliferation was established with 2-acetylaminofluorene and two third partial hepatectomy (2-AAF/PH). Paraffin embedded rat liver sections from model (11 d after hepatectomy) and control groups were stained with HE and OV6, cytokeratin19 (CK19),albumin, alpha fetoprotein (AFP), connexin43, and c-kit antibodies by immunohistochemistry. Oval cell proliferation was measured with BrdU incorporation test. C-kit positive oval cells were enriched by using magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) .The sorted oval cells were cultured in a low density to observe colony formation and to examine their characterization in vitroby immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR.RESULTS: A 2-AAF/PH model was successfully established to activate the oval cell compartment in rat liver. BrdU incorporation test of oval cell was positive. The hepatic oval cells coexpressed oval cell specific marker OV6, hepatocytemarker albumin and cholangiocyte-marker CK19. They also expressed AFP and connexin 43. C-kit, one hematopoietic stem cell receptor, was expressed in hepatic oval cells at high levels. By using c-kit antibody in conjunction with MACS,we developed a rapid oval cell isolation protocol. The sorted cells formed colony when cultured in vitro. Cells in the colony expressed albumin or CK19 or coexpressed both and BrdU incorporation test was positive. RT-PCR on colony showed expression of albumin and CK19 gene.CONCLUSION: Hepatic oval cells in the 2-AAF/PH model had the properties of hepatic stem/progenitor cells. Using MACS, we established a method to isolate oval cells. The sorted hepatic oval cells can form colony in vitro which expresses different combinations of phenotypic markers and genes from both hepatocytes and cholangiocyte lineage. | Ai-LanQin Xia-QiuZhou WeiZhang HongYu Qinxie | 2004 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2004，10，10： | 18 |
| 10 | Research Progress in the Application of Chinese Herbal Medicines in Aquaculture: A Review显示文摘 | Hongyu Pu Xiaoyu Li Qingbo Du Hao Cui Yongping Xu | 2017 | Engineering2017，3，5： | 17 |
| 11 | Patterns of DNA cytosine methylation between haploids and corresponding diploids in rice显示文摘Eighteen pairs of diploid-haploid twin-seedlings were identified and screened out fromspecial rice SARII-628 population. Five pairs of themwere selected and randomly designated as A, B, C, Dand E. Simple sequence repeats (SSR) analysisshowed that there was no difference among 310 siteswhich indicated that there was no base mutation onDNA primary structure. DNA methylation plays animportant role in gene expression regulation duringgrowth and development stages in eukaryotes. Amodified AFLP technique (methylation-sensitiveAFLP, MSAP) was employed to detect the DNA me-thylation patterns in the 5′-CCGG sites of the fivepairs of twin-seedlings. Although no methylationmutation was detected among the five diploids,forty-three methylation mutation sites were foundfrom the corresponding haploids. The MSAP ratios,which were the ratios of MSAP sites to the total am-plified sites, in five haploids were 18.79%, 19.35%,18.49%, 18.45% and 18.75%, respectively. And cor-responding full methylation levels (5′-CmCGG indouble strands) of those haploids were 10.58%,11.3%, 10.11%, 10.09% and 10.34%, respectively.Both MSAP and full methylation levels in the fivehaploids were higher than that of their correspondingdiploids, which suggested that hypermethylation oc-curred in some 5′-CCGG sites. Five types of MASPpatterns among the five pairs of twin-seedlings weredetected as follows: (1) no changes, methylation lev-els were the same in both haploids and diploids; (2) demethylation, diploid was methylated but no me-thylation in the same site in haploid; (3) hypermethy-lation, the methylation level in haploid was higher than those in diploid; (4) hypomethylation, methyla-tion in haploid was lower than those in diploid; (5) undecided pattern, change trend of methylation lev-els in haploids was not decided. The bands of 18 sites were reclaimed, then sequenced and searched on website to determine the sites of those sequences on rice chromosomes. The result showed that the methylation mutation involved the whole rice genome and 12 pairs of chromosomes. The mutation was site-related and there were different mutation sites for different haploids. Compared to diploids, the higher methylation level in haploids might be a readjusting reaction to the decrease in ploidy for the sake of sur-vival. | ZHANG Hongyu PENG Hai LI Yun XU Peizhou WANG Xudong WU Xianjun | 2006 | Chinese Science Bulletin2006，51，14： | 15 |
| 12 | Modification of the land surface energy balance relationship by introducing vertical sensible heat advection and soil heat storage over the Loess Plateau显示文摘Little is known about the surface energy balance problem for a complex underlying surface.Taking data from the Loess Plateau Land-surface Processes Experiment(LOPEX) and investigating the characteristics of the surface energy balance over a complex underlying surface,this paper calculates the soil heat storage and vertical sensible heat advection,analyzes their contributions to the surface energy imbalance,and discusses the mechanism by which the vertical velocity and temperature gradient in the surface layer affect the vertical sensible heat advection transfer.We found that the vertical velocity in the surface layer provides the necessary dynamic power for vertical sensible heat advection,and a relatively strong temperature gradient is the energy source generating vertical sensible heat advection.Under an ascending condition,the effect of vertical sensible heat advection on the surface energy budget is more obvious.It is also found that when the soil heat storage term and the vertical sensible heat advection term are added to the energy balance equation,the imbalance significantly improves.The peak of average diurnal residuals decreases from 125.1 to 41.5 W m-2,the daily average absolute value of residuals falls from 59.0 to 26.4 W m-2,and the surface energy balance closure increases from 78.4% to 94.0%. | ZHANG Qiang LI HongYu ZHAO JianHua | 2012 | Science China Earth Sciences2012，55，4： | 14 |
| 13 | Two RING-Finger Ubiquitin E3 Ligases Regulate the Degradation of SPX4, An Internal Phosphate Sensor, for Phosphate Homeostasis and Signaling in Rice显示文摘SPX-domain-containing proteins (SPXs) play an important role in inorganic phosphate (Pi) sensing,signaling,and transport in eukaryotes.In plants,SPXs are known to integrate cellular Pi status and negatively regulate the activity of Pi central regulators,the PHOSPATE STARVATION RESPONSE proteins (PHRs).The stability of SPXs,such as SPX4,is reduced under Pi-deficient conditions.However,the mechanisms by which SPXs are degraded remain unclear.In this study,using a yeast-twhybrid screen we iden.tified two RING-finger ubiquitin E3 ligases regulating SPX4 degradation,designated SDEL1 and SDEL2,which were post-transcriptionally induced by Pi starvation.We found that both SDELs were located in the nucleus and cytoplasm,had ubiquitin E3 ligase activity,and directly ubiquitinated the K^213 and K^299 lysine residues in SPX4 to regulate its stability.Furthermore,we found that PHR2,a Pi central regulator in rice,could compete with SDELs by interacting with SPX4 under Pi-sufficient conditions,which protected SPX4 from ubiquitination and degradation.Consistent with the biochemical function of SDEL1 and SDEL2,overexpression of SDEL1 or SDEL2 resulted in Pi overaccumulation and induced Pi-starvation signaling even under Pi-sufficient conditions.Conversely,their loss-of-function mutants displayed decreased Pi accumulation and reduced Pi-starvation signaling.Collectively,our study revealed that SDEL1 and SDEL2 facilitate the degradation of SPX4 to modulate PHR2 activity and regulate Pi homeostasis and Pi signaling in response to external Pi availability in rice. | Wenyuan Ruan Meina Guo Xueqing Wang Zhenhui Guo Zhuang Xu Lei Xu Hongyu Zhao Haiji Sun Chengqi Yan Keke Yi | 2019 | Molecular Plant2019，12，8： | 14 |
| 14 | Selective laser melting 3D printing of Ni-based superalloy: understanding thermodynamic mechanisms显示文摘A mesoscopic model has been established to investigate the thermodynamic mechanisms and densification behavior of nickel-based superalloy during additive manufacturing/three-dimensional(3D) printing(AM/3DP)by numerical simulation, using a finite volume method(FVM). The influence of the applied linear energy density(LED) on dimensions of the molten pool, thermodynamic mechanisms within the pool, bubbles migration and resultant densification behavior of AM/3DP-processed superalloy has been discussed. It reveals that the center of the molten pool slightly shifts with a lagging of 4 lm towards the center of the moving laser beam. The Marangoni convection, which has various flow patterns, plays a crucial role in intensifying the convective heat and mass transfer, which is responsible for the bubbles migration and densification behavior of AM/3DP-processed parts. At an optimized LED of 221.5 J/m, the outward convection favors the numerous bubbles to escape from the molten pool easily and the resultant considerably high relative density of 98.9 % is achieved. However, as the applied LED further increases over 249.5 J/m, the convection pattern is apparently intensified with the formation of vortexes and the bubbles tend to be entrapped by the rotating flow within the molten pool, resulting in a large amount of residual porosity and a sharp reduction in densification of the superalloy. The change rules of the relative density and the corresponding distribution of porosity obtained by experiments are in accordance with the simulation results. | Mujian Xia Dongdong Gu Guanqun Yu Donghua Dai Hongyu Chen Qimin Shi | 2016 | Science Bulletin2016，61，13： | 13 |
| 15 | Microstructure and electrical properties of Y_2O_3-doped ZnO-based varistor ceramics prepared by high-energy ball milling显示文摘Y2O3-doped ZnO-based varistor ceramics were prepared using high-energy ball milling (HEBM) and low-temperature sin- tering technique, with voltage-gradient of 1934-2197 V/mm, non-linear coefficients of 20.8-21.8, leakage currents of 0.59-1.04 μA, and densities of 5.46-5.57 g/cm3. With increasing Y2O3 content, the voltage-gradient increases because of the decrease of ZnO grain size; the non-linear coefficient and the leakage current improve but the density decreases because of more porosity; the donor con- centration and density of interface states decrease, whereas the barrier height and width increase because of the acceptor effect of Y2O3 in varistor ceramics. | Hongyu Liu Xueming Ma Dongmei Jiang Wangzhou Shi | 2007 | Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing2007，14，3： | 13 |
| 16 | Promotional effect of Si-doped V_2O_5/TiO_2 for selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH_3显示文摘TiO2 supports doped with different amounts of Si were prepared by a sol-gel method, and 1 wt% vanadia (V2O5) loaded on Si-doped TiO2 was obtained by an impregnation method. The mole ratio of Si/Ti was 0.2, NOx conversion exceeds 94% at 300℃ and GHSV of 41,324 hr-1 , which is about 20% higher than pure V2O5/TiO2 . The catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, TEM, FT-IR, NH3-TPD, XPS, H2-TPR, Raman and in situ DRIFTS. The results of FT-IR and XPS indicated that Si was doped into the TiO2 lattice successfully and a solid solution was obtained. V2O5 active component could be dispersed well on the support with the increasing of surface area of the catalyst, which was confirmed by Raman and XRD results. Above all, the numbers of acid sites (especially the Br nsted-acid) and oxidation properties were enhanced for Si-doped V2O5/TiO2 catalysts, which improved the deNOx catalytic activity. | Yanxiao Pan Wei Zhao Qin Zhong Wei Cai Hongyu Li | 2013 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2013，25，8： | 13 |
| 17 | Evolving paradigms in biological carbon cycling in the ocean显示文摘Carbon is a keystone element in global biogeochemical cycles.It plays a fundamental role in biotic andabiotic processes in the ocean,which intertwine to mediate the chemistry and redox status of carbon in the ocean and the atmosphere.The interactions between abiotic and biogenic carbon(e.g.CO_2,Ca CO_3,organic matter)in the ocean are complex,and there is a half-century-old enigma about the existence of a huge reservoir of recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon(RDOC)that equates to the magnitude of the pool of atmospheric CO_2.The concepts of the biological carbon pump(BCP)and the microbial loop(ML)shaped our understanding of the marine carbon cycle.The more recent concept of the microbial carbon pump(MCP),which is closely connected to those of the BCP and the ML,explicitly considers thesignificance of the ocean’s RDOC reservoir and provides a mechanistic framework for the exploration of its formation and persistence.Understanding of the MCP has benefited from advanced‘omics’and novel research in biological oceanography and microbial biogeochemistry.The need to predict the ocean’sresponse to climate change makes an integrative understanding of the BCP,ML and MCP a high priority.In this review,we summarize and discuss progress since the proposal of the MCP in 2010 and formulate research questions for the future. | Chuanlun Zhang Hongyue Dang Farooq Azam Ronald Benner Louis Legendre Uta Passow Luca Polimene Carol Robinson Curtis A.Suttle Nianzhi Jiao | 2018 | National Science Review2018，5，4： | 12 |
| 18 | Carbon pools and fluxes in the China Seas and adjacent oceans显示文摘The China Seas include the South China Sea, East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea. Located off the Northwestern Pacific margin, covering 4700000 km^2 from tropical to northern temperate zones, and including a variety of continental margins/basins and depths, the China Seas provide typical cases for carbon budget studies. The South China Sea being a deep basin and part of the Western Pacific Warm Pool is characterized by oceanic features; the East China Sea with a wide continental shelf, enormous terrestrial discharges and open margins to the West Pacific, is featured by strong cross-shelf materials transport; the Yellow Sea is featured by the confluence of cold and warm waters; and the Bohai Sea is a shallow semiclosed gulf with strong impacts of human activities. Three large rivers, the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Pearl River, flow into the East China Sea, the Bohai Sea, and the South China Sea, respectively. The Kuroshio Current at the outer margin of the Chinese continental shelf is one of the two major western boundary currents of the world oceans and its strength and position directly affect the regional climate of China. These characteristics make the China Seas a typical case of marginal seas to study carbon storage and fluxes. This paper systematically analyzes the literature data on the carbon pools and fluxes of the Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea, including different interfaces(land-sea, sea-air, sediment-water, and marginal sea-open ocean) and different ecosystems(mangroves, wetland, seagrass beds, macroalgae mariculture, coral reefs, euphotic zones, and water column). Among the four seas, the Bohai Sea and South China Sea are acting as CO_2 sources, releasing about0.22 and 13.86–33.60 Tg C yr^(-1) into the atmosphere, respectively, whereas the Yellow Sea and East China Sea are acting as carbon sinks, absorbing about 1.15 and 6.92–23.30 Tg C yr^(-1) of atmospheric CO_2, respectively. Overall, if only the CO_2 exchange at the sea-air interface is considered, the Chinese marginal seas appear to be a source of atmospheric CO_2, with a net release of 6.01–9.33 Tg C yr^(-1), mainly from the inputs of rivers and adjacent oceans. The riverine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) input into the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea are 5.04, 14.60, and 40.14 Tg C yr^(-1),respectively. The DIC input from adjacent oceans is as high as 144.81 Tg C yr^(-1), significantly exceeding the carbon released from the seas to the atmosphere. In terms of output, the depositional fluxes of organic carbon in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea are 2.00, 3.60, 7.40, and 5.92 Tg C yr^(-1), respectively. The fluxes of organic carbon from the East China Sea and South China Sea to the adjacent oceans are 15.25–36.70 and 43.93 Tg C yr^(-1), respectively. The annual carbon storage of mangroves, wetlands, and seagrass in Chinese coastal waters is 0.36–1.75 Tg C yr^(-1), with a dissolved organic carbon(DOC) output from seagrass beds of up to 0.59 Tg C yr^(-1). Removable organic carbon flux by Chinese macroalgae mariculture account for 0.68 Tg C yr^(-1) and the associated POC depositional and DOC releasing fluxes are 0.14 and 0.82 Tg C yr^(-1), respectively. Thus, in total, the annual output of organic carbon, which is mainly DOC, in the China Seas is 81.72–104.56 Tg C yr^(-1). The DOC efflux from the East China Sea to the adjacent oceans is 15.00–35.00 Tg C yr^(-1). The DOC efflux from the South China Sea is 31.39 Tg C yr^(-1). Although the marginal China Seas seem to be a source of atmospheric CO_2 based on the CO_2 flux at the sea-air interface, the combined effects of the riverine input in the area, oceanic input, depositional export,and microbial carbon pump(DOC conversion and output) indicate that the China Seas represent an important carbon storage area. | Nianzhi JIAO Yantao LIANG Yongyu ZHANG Jihua LIU Yao ZHANG Rui ZHANG Meixun ZHAO Minhan DAI Weidong ZHAI Kunshan GAO Jinming SONG Dongliang YUAN Chao LI Guanghui LIN Xiaoping HUANG Hongqiang YAN Limin HU Zenghu ZHANG Long WANG Chunjie CAO Yawei LUO Tingwei LUO Nannan WANG Hongyue DANG Dongxiao WANG Si ZHANG | 2018 | Science China Earth Sciences2018，61，11： | 12 |
| 19 | Microstructure and Oxidation Behaviors of Nano-particles Strengthened NiCoCrAlY Cladded Coatings on Superalloys显示文摘Nano-particles which can largely improve the microstructure and oxidation resistance of materials are often used as a strengthening component in metal matrix composites. However, few studies were reported on its application in the bond coat of duplex structure thermal barrier coating(TBC). Three kinds of NiCoCrAlY coatings strengthened by different nano-particles with the same addition (1%, mass fraction) were prepared by the laser cladding technique on Ni-based superalloy substrates, aiming to study the effects of the nano-particles on microstructure and oxidation resistance of NiCoCrAlY coatings (the bond coat of the duplex structure thermal barrier coatings). Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer(XRD) and thermogravimetry were employed to investigate their morphologies, phases and cyclic oxidation behaviors in atmosphere at 1 050℃, compared with the coating without nano-particles. With the addition of nano-particles, the growth pattern of the grains at the interface changed from epitaxial growth to non-epitaxial growth or part-epitaxial growth; slender dendrites were broken and cellularized; cracks and pores were restrained; and the oxidation weight-gain and the stripping resistance of the oxide scale were improved as well. Among the three kinds of nano-particles, the SiC nano-particles showed the most improvement on microstructure, while the CeO2 nano-particles were insufficient, but its effects on the oxidation resistance are the same as those of the SiC nano-particles. Based on the discussions of the influence mechanism, it is believed that CeO2 nano-particles would show better improvement than SiC nano-particles if the proper amount is added and the proper preparation technique of micro-nanometer composite powders is adopted, with the synergistic action of nanometer effect and reactive element effect. | WANG Hongyu ZUO Dunwen CHEN Xinfeng YU Shouxin GU Yuanzhi | 2010 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2010，23，3： | 11 |
| 20 | Low-mature gases and typical low-mature gas fields in China显示文摘No natural gas pool of industrial importance could be formed at the low-evolution stage of organic matter. In the 1980s, on the basis of the development in exploration practice, the hypotheses of bio-thermo-catalytic transitional zone gases and early thermogenic gases were proposed. The lower-limit Ro values for the formation and accumulation of natural gases of industrial importance have been expanded to 0.3%―0.4%. In the light of the two-stage model established on the basis of carbon isotope fractionation in coal-type natural gases, the upper-limit Ro values have been set at 0.8%―1.0%. In terms of the geological practice in the low-mature gas zones and China's main coal-type gas fields, it is feasible and proper to set the upper-limit Ro value of low-mature gases at 0.8%. Supper-large gas fields such as the Urengoy gas field in western Siberian Basin should belong to low-mature gas fields, of which the natural gas reserves account for more than 20% of the global proven reserves, providing strong evidence for the significance of such a type of resources. The proven natural gas reserves in the Turpan-Hami Basin of China have almost reached 1000 × 108 m3. The main source rocks in this area are the Jurassic Xishanyao Formation, which occurs as a suite of coal series strata. The corresponding thermal evolution indices (Ro ) are mainly within the range of about 0.4%―0.8%, the δ 13C1 values of methane vary between-44‰ and-39‰ (correspondingly Ro =0.6%―0.8%), and those of ethane are within the range of-29‰―-26‰, indicating that natural gases in the Turpan-Hami Basin should be designated to coal-type low-mature gases. The light hydrocarbon evolution indices of natural gases also fall within the area of low evolution while the precursor type of light hydrocarbons also shows the characteristics of the coal-type. The geological background, carbon isotopic composition and light hydrocarbon index all provide strong evidence suggesting that the proven natural gases in the Turpan-Hami Basin are low-mature gases. In China a gas field with the gas reserves reaching 300 ×108 m3 can be defined as a large gas field, and thus the proven low-mature gases in the Turpan-Hami Basin are equivalent to the reserves of three large gas fields. Its existence is of great significance in research on and exploration of low-mature gases in China. | XU YongChang WANG ZhiYong WANG XiaoFeng ZHENG JianJing DU HongYu | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，2： | 11 |
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