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| 1 | Sporadic versus hereditary gastrinomas of the duodenum and pancreas: Distinct clinico-pathological and epidemiological features显示文摘Gastrinomas are defined as gastrin secreting tumors that are associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES). ZES is characterized by elevated fasting gastrin serum levels, positive secretin stimulation test and clinical symptoms such as recurrent peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal re?ux disease and occasional diarrhea. Genetically, nonhereditary (sporadic) gastrinomas are distinguished from hereditary gastrinomas, which are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome. In general, duodenal gastrinomas are small and solitary if they are sporadic and multiple as well as hereditary. The sporadic gastrinomas occur in the duodenum or in the pancreas while the hereditary gastrinomas almost all occur in the duodenum. Our series of 77 sporadic duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) includes 18 patients (23.4%) with gastrinomas and ZES. Of 535 sporadic NETs in the pancreas collected from the NET archives of the departments of pathology in Zürich, Switzerland, and Kiel, Germany, 24 patients (4.5%) suffered from sporadic pancreatic gastrinomas and ZES. These NETs have to be distinguished fromtumors with immunohistochemical positivity for gastrin but without evidence of ZES. An additional 19 patients suffered from MEN1 and ZES. These patients showed exclusively duodenal gastrinomas, but not pancreatic gastrinomas. The prognosis of sporadic and MEN1- associated duodenal gastrinomas is better than that of pancreatic gastrinomas, since they progress slowly to liver metastasis. In summary, sporadic and MEN1- associated gastrinomas in the duodenum and pancreas show different clinico-pathological and genetic features. The incidence of sporadic duodenal gastrin-producing tumors is increasing, possibly due to optimized diagnostic procedures. In contrast, pancreatic MEN1- associated gastrinomas seem to be extremely rare. A considerable subset of tumors with immunohistochemical expression of gastrin but without evidence of ZES should be designated as functionally inactive NETs expressing gastrin, but not as gastrinomas. | Martin Anlauf Nele Garbrecht Tobias Henopp Anja Schmitt Regina Schlenger Andreas Raffel Markus Krausch Oliver Gimm Claus F Eisenberger Wolfram T Knoefel Henning Dralle Paul Komminoth Philipp U Heitz Aurel Perren Günter Klppel | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，34： | 7 |
| 2 | Low-dimensional analysis,using POD,for two mixing layer-wake interactions显示文摘 | Braud C Heitz D Arroyo G | 2004 | International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow2004，25，： | 1 |
| 3 | Antibiotic-associated diarrhea in the elderly显示文摘 | Kaltenbach G Heitz D | 2004 | Rev Med Intern2004，25，： | 1 |
| 4 | Pancreatic endocrine tumors显示文摘 | Heitz PU | 1988 | Pathol Res Pract1988，183，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Fractionation of populus tremuloides at the pilot plant scale: optimization of steam pretreatment conditions using the STAKE Ⅱ technology 显示文摘 | Heitz M Capek-Menard E Koeberle P G | 1991 | Biores Technol1991，35，： | 1 |
| 6 | Course of alxcoholic chronic pancreatitis: a prospective clinicomorphological long-term study 显示文摘 | Ammann RW Heitz PU Kloppel G | 1996 | Gastroenterology1996，111，2： | 1 |
| 7 | The peptide carrier Pep-1 forms biologically efficient nanoparticle complexes显示文摘 | MUNOZ-MORRIS M A HEITZ F DIVITA G | 2007 | Biochem Biophys Res Commun2007，355，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Pancreatic endocrine tumors 显示文摘 | Klopple G Heitz PU | 1988 | Pathol Res Pract1988，183，： | 1 |
| 9 | Twenty years of cell-penetrating peptides:from molecular mechanisms to therapeutics显示文摘 | HEITZ F MORRIS M C DIVITA G | 2009 | Br J Pharmacol2009，157，2： | 1 |
| 10 | History of treated peri- odontitis and smoking as risks for implant therapy 显示文摘 | Heitz - Mayfield LJ Huynh - Ba G | 2009 | Int J Oral Maxillofae Implants2009，24，： | 1 |
| 11 | Pathology of MEN-1:Morphology, clinopathologic correlations and tumor development显示文摘 | Heitz P Kloppel G | 1998 | IntlJ Med1998，243，： | 1 |
| 12 | Pancreatic endocrine tumors显示文摘 | Klopple G Heitz PU | 1988 | Pathol Respract1988，183，： | 1 |
| 13 | A peptide carrier for the delivery of biologically active proteins into mammalian cells 显示文摘 | Morris M C Depollier J Mery J Heitz F Divita G | 2001 | Nat Biotechnol2001，19，： | 1 |
| 14 | Fluid experimental flow estimation based on an optical-flow scheme显示文摘 | Corpetti T Heitz D Arroyo G | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 15 | The gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine cell system and its tumors:the WHO classification显示文摘 | Kl(o)ppel G Perren A Heitz PU | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 16 | Characterizationof Vitis vinifera NPR1 homologs involved in the regulation of patho-genesis-related gene expression 显示文摘 | LE HENANFF G HEITZ T MESTRE P | 2009 | BMC Plant Biology2009，9，： | 1 |
| 17 | The gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine cell system and its tumors:the WHO classification显示文摘 | Kl(O)ppel G Perren A Heitz PU | 2004 | Ann N Y Acad Sci2004，1014，： | 1 |
| 18 | The gastroenteropancreatie neuro- endocrine cell system and its tumors: the WHO classification 显示文摘 | Kloppel G Perren A Heitz PU | 2004 | Ann N Y Aead Sci2004，1014，： | 1 |
| 19 | The gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine cell system and its tumors:the WHo classifu-cation显示文摘 | Kiopprl G Perren A Heitz PU | 2000 | Anticancer Res2000，20，： | 1 |
| 20 | The gastroentreropatic neuroendo-crine cell system and its tumors : the WHO classification 显示文摘 | Klbppel G Perren A Heitz P U | 2004 | An N YAcad Sci2004，1014，： | 1 |
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