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| 1 | Sporadic versus hereditary gastrinomas of the duodenum and pancreas: Distinct clinico-pathological and epidemiological features显示文摘Gastrinomas are defined as gastrin secreting tumors that are associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES). ZES is characterized by elevated fasting gastrin serum levels, positive secretin stimulation test and clinical symptoms such as recurrent peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal re?ux disease and occasional diarrhea. Genetically, nonhereditary (sporadic) gastrinomas are distinguished from hereditary gastrinomas, which are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome. In general, duodenal gastrinomas are small and solitary if they are sporadic and multiple as well as hereditary. The sporadic gastrinomas occur in the duodenum or in the pancreas while the hereditary gastrinomas almost all occur in the duodenum. Our series of 77 sporadic duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) includes 18 patients (23.4%) with gastrinomas and ZES. Of 535 sporadic NETs in the pancreas collected from the NET archives of the departments of pathology in Zürich, Switzerland, and Kiel, Germany, 24 patients (4.5%) suffered from sporadic pancreatic gastrinomas and ZES. These NETs have to be distinguished fromtumors with immunohistochemical positivity for gastrin but without evidence of ZES. An additional 19 patients suffered from MEN1 and ZES. These patients showed exclusively duodenal gastrinomas, but not pancreatic gastrinomas. The prognosis of sporadic and MEN1- associated duodenal gastrinomas is better than that of pancreatic gastrinomas, since they progress slowly to liver metastasis. In summary, sporadic and MEN1- associated gastrinomas in the duodenum and pancreas show different clinico-pathological and genetic features. The incidence of sporadic duodenal gastrin-producing tumors is increasing, possibly due to optimized diagnostic procedures. In contrast, pancreatic MEN1- associated gastrinomas seem to be extremely rare. A considerable subset of tumors with immunohistochemical expression of gastrin but without evidence of ZES should be designated as functionally inactive NETs expressing gastrin, but not as gastrinomas. | Martin Anlauf Nele Garbrecht Tobias Henopp Anja Schmitt Regina Schlenger Andreas Raffel Markus Krausch Oliver Gimm Claus F Eisenberger Wolfram T Knoefel Henning Dralle Paul Komminoth Philipp U Heitz Aurel Perren Günter Klppel | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，34： | 7 |
| 2 | TNM staging of midgut and hindgut (neuro) endocrine tumors: a consensus proposal including a grading system显示文摘 | G. Rindi G. Kl?ppel A. Couvelard P. Komminoth M. K?rner J. M. Lopes A.-M. McNicol O. Nilsson A. Perren A. Scarpa J.-Y. Scoazec B. Wiedenmann | 2007 | Virchows Archiv2007，，4： | 3 |
| 3 | Immunohistochenucal evidence of loss of PTEN expression in primary ductal adenocarcinomas of the breast显示文摘 | Perren A Weng LP Boag AH | 1999 | AmJ Path1999，155，4： | 2 |
| 4 | Cytokeratins 7 and 20 Immunoexpression Profile in Goblet Cell and Classical Carcinoids of Appendix显示文摘 | Khaled O. Alsaad Stefano Serra Anja Schmitt Aurel Perren Runjan Chetty | 2007 | Endocrine Pathology2007，，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Protocol - directed weaning from mechanical ventilation: clinical outcome in patients randomized for a 30 - min or 120 - min trial with pressure support ventilation显示文摘 | Perren A Domenighetti G Mauri S | 2002 | Intensive Care Med2002，28，8： | 1 |
| 6 | The technology of minimally invasive pereutaneous osteosynthesis (MIPPO)显示文摘 | Perren SM | 2002 | Injury2002，33，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Influence of Steroids on Procalcitonin and C-reactive Protein in Patients with COPD and Communityacquired Pneumonia显示文摘 | Perren A Cerutti B Lepori M | 2008 | Infection2008，36，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Force transfer between the plate and the bone:relative importance of the bending stiffness of the screws friction between plate and bone显示文摘 | Cordey J Borgeaud M Perren S | 2000 | Injury2000，31，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Methodology of clinical trials focusing on the PC-Fix clinical trials显示文摘 | Hauke C Meisser A Perren SM | 2001 | Injury2001，32，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Protocol-directed weaning from mechanical ventilation: clinical outcome in patients randomized for a 30-min or 120-min trial with pressure support ventilation 显示文摘 | Perren A Domenighetti G Mauri S | 2002 | Intensive Care Med2002，28，8： | 1 |
| 11 | Increased number of islet-associated macrophages in type 2 diabetes显示文摘 | Ehses JA Perren A Eppler E | 2007 | Diabetes2007，56，9： | 1 |
| 12 | The biomechanics of the PC-Fix internal fixator显示文摘 | Tepic S Perren SM | 1995 | Injury-International Journal of The Care of The Injured1995，26，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Vascular remodeling显示文摘 | Gautier E Rahn BA Perren SM | 1995 | Injury1995，26，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Intramedullary nailing of clavicular midshaft fractures with the titanium elastic nail:problems and complications显示文摘 | Frigg A Rillmann P Perren T | 2009 | Am J Sports Med2009，37，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Is cyberbullying worse than traditional bullying? Examining the differential roles of medium, publicity, and anonymity for the perceived severity of bullying显示文摘 | Sticca F Perren S | 2012 | J Youth Adolesc2012，42，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Binding characteristics of显示文摘 | Gillard M Perren C Assingham MR | 2002 | Inflamm Res2002，51，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Evolution of the internal fixation of long bone fractures: The scientific basis of biological internal fixation: choosing a new balance between stability and biology 显示文摘 | PERREN SM | 2002 | J Bone Joint Surg Br2002，84，： | 1 |
| 18 | Evolution of the internal fixation of long bone frac tures: the scientific basis of biological internal fixation: choosing a new balance between stability and biology显示文摘 | PERREN S M | 2002 | J Bone Joint Surg Br2002，84，8： | 1 |
| 19 | Differential nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of PTEN in normal thyroid tissue, and benign and malignant epithelial thyroid tumors显示文摘 | Gimm O Perren A Weng LP | 2000 | Am J Pathol2000，156，： | 1 |
| 20 | Lymphomas of the cervix and upper vagina:A report of five cases and a review of the literature显示文摘 | Perren T Farrant M McCarthy K | 1992 | Gynecol Oncol1992，44，： | 1 |
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