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| 1 | A secondary bile acid from microbiota metabolism attenuates ileitis and bile acid reduction in subclinical necrotic enteritis in chickens显示文摘Background:Clostridium perfringens-induced chicken necrotic enteritis(NE)is responsible for substantial economic losses worldwide annually.Recently,as a result of antibiotic growth promoter prohibition,the prevalence of NE in chickens has reemerged.This study was aimed to reduce NE through titrating dietary deoxycholic acid(DCA)as an effective antimicrobial alternative.Materials and methods:Day-old broiler chicks were assigned to six groups and fed diets supplemented with 0(basal diet),0.8,1.0 and 1.5 g/kg(on top of basal diet)DCA.The birds were challenged with Eimeria maxima(20,000 oocysts/bird)at d 18 and C.perfringens(109 CFU/bird per day)at d 23,24,and 25 to induce NE.The birds were sacrificed at d 26 when ileal tissue and digesta were collected for analyzing histopathology,mRNA accumulation and C.perfringens colonization by real-time PCR,targeted metabolomics of bile acids,fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH),or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)assay.Results:At the cellular level,birds infected with E.maxima and C.perfringens developed subclinical NE and showed shortening villi,crypt hyperplasia and immune cell infiltration in ileum.Dietary DCA alleviated the NE-induced ileal inflammation in a dose-dependent manner compared to NE control birds.Consistent with the increased histopathological scores,subclinical NE birds suffered body weight gain reduction compared to the uninfected birds,an effect attenuated with increased doses of dietary DCA.At the molecular level,the highest dose of DCA at 1.5 g/kg reduced C.perfringens luminal colonization compared to NE birds using PCR and FISH.Furthermore,the dietary DCA reduced subclinical NE-induced intestinal inflammatory gene expression and cell apoptosis using PCR and TUNEL assays.Upon further examining ileal bile acid pool through targeted metabolomics,subclinical NE reduced the total bile acid level in ileal digesta compared to uninfected birds.Notably,dietary DCA increased total bile acid and DCA levels in a dose-dependent manner compared to NE birds.Conclusion:These results indicate that DCA attenuates NE-induced intestinal inflammation and bile acid reduction and could be an effective antimicrobial alternative against the intestinal disease. | Mohit Bansal Ying Fu Bilal Alrubaye Mussie Abraha Ayidh Almansour Anamika Gupta Rohana Liyanage Hong Wang Billy Hargis Xiaolun Sun | 2020 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2020，11，3： | 3 |
| 2 | Isolation, screening and identifi cation of Bacillus spp. as direct-fed microbial candidates for aflatoxin B_1 biodegradation显示文摘Objective: To evaluate the ability of Bacillus spp. as direct-fed microbials(DFM) to biodegrade al atoxin B1(AFB1) by using an in vitro digestive model simulating in vivo conditions.Methods: Sixty-nine Bacillus isolates were obtained from intestines, and soil samples were screened by using a selective media method against 0.25 and 1.00 μg/m L of AFB1 in modii ed Czapek-Dox medium. Plates were incubated at 37 °C and observed every two days for two weeks. Physiological properties of the three Bacillus spp. candidates were characterized biochemically and by 16 S r RNA sequence analyzes for identii cation. Tolerance to acidic p H, osmotic concentrations of Na Cl, bile salts were tested, and antimicrobial sensitivity proi les were also determined. Bacillus candidates were individually sporulated by using a solid fermentation method and combined. Spores were incorporated into 1 of 3 experimental feed groups: 1) Negative control group, with unmedicated starter broiler feed without AFB1; 2) Positive control group, with negative control feed contaminated with 0.01% AFB1; 3) DFM treated group, with positive control feed supplemented with 109 spores/g. After digestion time(3:15 h), supernatants and digesta were collected for high-performance liquid chromatography l uorescence detection analysis by triplicate.Results: Three out of those sixty-nine DFM candidates showed ability to biodegrade AFB1 in vitro based on growth as well as reduction of l uorescence and area of clearance around each colony in modii ed Czapek-Dox medium which was clearly visible under day light after 48 h of evaluation. Analysis of 16S-DNA identii ed the strains as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis. The three Bacillus strains were tolerant to acidic conditions(p H 2.0), tolerant to a high osmotic pressure(Na Cl at 6.5%), and were able to tolerate 0.037% bile salts after 24 h of incubation. No signii cant dif erences(P > 0.05) were observed in the concentrations of AFB1 in neither the supernatants nor digesta samples evaluated by highperformance liquid chromatography with l uorescence detection between positive control or DFM treated groups. Conclusions: In vitro digestion time was not enough to confirm biodegradation of AFB1. Further studies to evaluate the possible biodegradation ef ects of the BacillusDFM when continuously administered in experimentally contaminated feed with AFB1, are in progress. | Rosario Galarza-Seeber Juan David Latorre Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco Amanda Drake Wolfenden Lisa Renee Bielke Anita Menconi Billy Marshall Hargis Guillermo Tellez | 2015 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2015，5，9： | 3 |
| 3 | Carbon sinks in mangroves and their implications to carbon budget of tropical coastal ecosystems显示文摘 | R. R. Twilley R. H. Chen T. Hargis | 1992 | Water Air & Soil Pollution (-)1992，，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Novel Sorbents for Mercury Removal From Flue Gas 显示文摘 | Evan J G PENNLINE H W HARGIS R A | 2000 | Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research2000，39，4： | 1 |
| 5 | mercury measurement and its control:what we know,have learned,and need to further investigate显示文摘 | Thomas D Brown Dennis N Smith Richard A Hargis | 1999 | Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association1999，，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Compassionate-use Oxaliplatin with Bolus 5-Fluorouracil/Leucovorin in Heavily Pretreated Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer显示文摘 | LaRocca RV Glisson SD Hargis JB | 2004 | South Med J2004，97，9： | 1 |
| 7 | Helping and harming others in the workplace:The roles of personal values and abusive supervision显示文摘 | Shao P Resick C J Hargis M B | | 0，，08： | 1 |
| 8 | Mercury measurement and its control:What we know,have learned and need to further investigate显示文摘 | Brown T D Smith D N Hargis R A | | 0，，06： | 1 |
| 9 | Novel sorbents for mercury removal from flue gas 显示文摘 | Granite E J Pennline H W Hargis R A | 2000 | Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research2000，39，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Uneven regional distributions of prolactin and growth hormone-secreting cells and sexually dimorphic proportions of prolactin secretors in the adenohypophysis of adult chickens显示文摘 | Lopez ME Hargis BM Dean CE | 1995 | Gen Comp Endocrinol1995，100，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Medium - pressure UV for oocyst inactivation显示文摘 | Bukhari Z Hargy T M Bolton J R | 1999 | J AWWA1999，91，3： | 1 |
| 12 | The behavior of landscape metrics commonly used in the study of habitat fragmentation显示文摘 | Christina D. Hargis John A. Bissonette John L. David | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 13 | Understanding ex- pansion in calcium sulfoaluminate-belite cements显示文摘 | Chen I A Hargis C W Juenger M C G | 2012 | Cem Concr Res2012，42，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Linking mechanisms of work-family conflict and segmentation显示文摘 | Michel J S and Hargis M B | 2008 | Journal of Vocational Behavior2008，73，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Novel sorbents for mercury removal from flue gas显示文摘 | Granite E J Pennline H W Hargis R A 2000 | 2000 | Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research2000，39，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Identification of two lipid binding proteins from liver Of Gallus domestieus 显示文摘 | Sams G H Hargis B M Hargis P S | 1991 | Comp Biochem Physiol B1991，99，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Manipulating the fatty acid composition of poultry meat and eggs for the health conscious consumer显示文摘 | Hargis PS M E Van Elswyk | 1993 | World''s Poultry Science1993，49，： | 1 |
| 18 | Rough set as a front end of neuralnetworks texture classifiers显示文摘 | Swiniarski R Hargis L | 2001 | Neuro Computing2001，36，1： | 1 |
| 19 | The behavior of landscape metrics commonly used in the study of habitat fragmentation显示文摘 | HARGIS C D BISSONETTE J A | 1998 | Land Scape Ecology1998，13，： | 1 |
| 20 | Using UV toinactivate cryptosporidium 显示文摘 | Clancy J L Bukhari Z Hargy T M | 2000 | J Am Water Works Assoc2000，92，9： | 1 |
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