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| 1 | Intelligent metasurfaces:control,communication and computing显示文摘Controlling electromagnetic waves and information simultaneously by information metasurfaces is of central importance in modern society.Intelligent metasurfaces are smart platforms to manipulate the wave-information-matter interactions without manual intervention by synergizing engineered ultrathin structures with active devices and algorithms,which evolve from the passive composite materials for tailoring wave-matter interactions that cannot be achieved in nature.Here,we review the recent progress of intelligent metasurfaces in wave-information-matter controls by providing the historical background and underlying physical mechanisms.Then we explore the application of intelligent metasurfaces in developing novel wireless communication architectures,with particular emphasis on metasurface-modulated backscatter wireless communications.We also explore the wave-based computing by using the intelligent metasurfaces,focusing on the emerging research direction in intelligent sensing.Finally,we comment on the challenges and highlight the potential routes for the further developments of the intelligent metasurfaces for controls,communications and computing. | Lianlin Li Hanting Zhao Che Liu Long Li Tie Jun Cui | 2022 | eLight2022，2，1： | 7 |
| 2 | Intelligent metasurface imager and recognizer显示文摘There is an increasing need to remotely monitor people in daily life using radio-frequency probe signals.However,conventional systems can hardly be deployed in real-world settings since they typically require objects to either deliberately cooperate or carry a wireless active device or identification tag.To accomplish complicated successive tasks using a single device in real time,we propose the simultaneous use of a smart metasurface imager and recognizer,empowered by a network of artificial neural networks(ANNs)for adaptively controlling data flow.Here,three ANNs are employed in an integrated hierarchy,transforming measured microwave data into images of the whole human body,classifying specifically designated spots(hand and chest)within the whole image,and recognizing human hand signs instantly at a Wi-Fi frequency of 2.4 GHz.Instantaneous in situ full-scene imaging and adaptive recognition of hand signs and vital signs of multiple non-cooperative people were experimentally demonstrated.We also show that the proposed intelligent metasurface system works well even when it is passively excited by stray Wi-Fi signals that ubiquitously exist in our daily lives.The reported strategy could open up a new avenue for future smart cities,smart homes,human-device interaction interfaces,health monitoring,and safety screening free of visual privacy issues. | Lianlin Li Ya Shuang Qian Ma Haoyang Li Hanting Zhao Menglin Wei Che Liu Chenglong Hao Cheng-Wei Qiu Tie Jun Cui | 2019 | Light(Science & Applications)2019，8，1： | 5 |
| 3 | CPPU may induce gibberellin-independent parthenocarpy associated with PbRR9 in‘Dangshansu’pear显示文摘Parthenocarpy is a valuable trait in self-incompatible plants,such as pear.N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N’-phenylurea(CPPU),a synthetic cytokinin analog,can induce parthenocarpy in pear(Pyrus spp.),but the mechanism of induction is unclear.To investigate the role of gibberellin in CPPU-induced parthenocarpy in pear,CPPU supplemented with paclobutrazol(PAC)was sprayed onto‘Dangshansu’pear.We found that the fruit set rate of pear treated with CPPU supplemented with PAC was identical to that in a CPPU-alone treatment group.In regard to cell development,CPPU mainly promoted hypanthium cell division and expansion,and PAC application had no influence on CPPU-induced cell development.RNA sequencing revealed that gibberellin 20 oxidase and gibberellin 3 oxidase genes were not differentially expressed following CPPU treatment.According to the analysis of fruit phytohormone content,the CPPU treatments did not induce gibberellin biosynthesis.These results suggest that CPPU-induced parthenocarpy may be gibberellin independent in‘Dangshansu’pear.After CPPU treatment,the indole acetic acid(IAA)content in fruit was significantly increased,and the abscisic acid(ABA)content was significantly decreased.Similarly,RNA sequencing revealed that many genes involved in the auxin and ABA pathways were significantly differentially expressed in the CPPU treatment groups;among them,indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase(YUCCA)was significantly upregulated and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase(NCED)was significantly downregulated.IAA and ABA may thus play important roles in CPPU-induced parthenocarpy.PbTwo-component response regulator9(PbRR9),PbYUCCA4,and PbNCED6 were then selected to further elucidate the mechanism of CPPU-induced parthenocarpy.A yeast one-hybrid assay indicated that PbRR9 can combine with the PbYUCCA4 and PbNCED6 promoters.Dual luciferase assays revealed that PbRR9 can promote and repress the activities of the PbYUCCA4 and PbNCED6 promoters,respectively.After the transient expression of PbRR9 in fruits,PbYUCCA4 expression was significantly upregulated,and PbNCED6 expression was significantly downregulated.This study uncovered a CPPU-induced parthenocarpy mechanism that is different from that in tomato.CPPU may upregulate PbYUCCA4 and downregulate PbNCED6 by upregulating PbRR9,thereby increasing IAA content and decreasing ABA content to ultimately induce parthenocarpy in‘Dangshansu’pear.However,because only a single time point was used and because‘botanical’and‘accessory’fruits have different structures,this conclusion is still preliminary. | Liu Cong Ting Wu Hanting Liu Huibin Wang Haiqi Zhang Guangping Zhao Yao Wen Qianrong Shi Lingfei Xu Zhigang Wang | 2020 | Horticulture Research2020，7，1： | 4 |
| 4 | One-bit quantization is good for programmable coding metasurfaces显示文摘The information-carrying programmable metasurfaces have found widespread applications in communication, sensing, and other related areas. However, there is a fundamental but unresolved problem,i.e., the rigorous understanding of the quantization of metasurface coding. Here, we theoretically investigate the performance difference between one-bit and continuous information-encoding metasurfaces. To this end,we derive analytical representations of system responses in various cases(single-input single-output, singleinput multiple-output, and multiple-input multiple-output). We analyze the impact of one-bit coding(in contrast to continuous coding) in terms of the resulting channel cross-talk and reduction of information capacity in various representative scenarios from wireless communication and holography. Our main finding indicates that the one-bit coding yields a satisfactory performance in most practical scenarios;we also show that in many cases there are smart ways to mildly relax optimization constraints in order to reduce the performance gap between the one-bit and continuous coding. We expect that our results can provide theoretical guidance for a large variety of metasurface-assisted information systems for electromagnetic waves and other wave phenomena. | Ya SHUANG Hanting ZHAO Menglin WEI Qiang CHENG Shi JIN Tiejun CUI Philipp DEL HOUGNE Lianlin LI | 2022 | Science China(Information Sciences)2022，65，7： | 2 |
| 5 | Tissue expression,association analysis between three novel SNPs of the RXRαgene and growth traits in Chinese indigenous cattle显示文摘Retinoid X receptor(RXR) α is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily that mediates the biological effects on several hormones,vitamins,and regulates lipid,glucose and energy metabolism.In this study,the tissue expression profiles of the bovine RXRαgene and association analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) with growth traits were carried out in 413 Chinese native cattle.The expression profile was analysed in ten Jiaxian cattle tissues by real-time PCR,and the results showed that RXRαgene was abundantly expressed in adipose tissue and spleen,moderately expressed in heart,liver,lung,kidney,muscle and testis.Meanwhile,three SNPs(T27919A,T28139C and G28142A) and five haplotypes were identified.Haplotype with TTG was dominant with frequency of 69.1%.Chi-square test showed all populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(P>0.05) at the three sites except Jiaxian cattle at G28142A site and Qinchuan cattle at T27919A site.Statistical analysis of combined sites showed that the individuals with TTGA genotype had significantly higher heart girth than those with TAGG genotype(P<0.05) and the animals with AAGA genotype had higher body weight than those with TAGG genotype(P<0.05) in T27919A-G28142A site.Heart girth,abdominal circumference and body weight of individuals with TCAG genotype were exceedingly higher than those with TTGG(P<0.01),TTGA and TCGG(P<0.05) in T28139C-G28142A site.For T27919A-T28139C site,the individuals of TCTA and TCTT genotype had significantly higher heart girth and lower height at hip cross than those with TTTA(P<0.05),and the body weight of TCAA and TCTT genotype individuals was higher than those with TTTA(P<0.05).In conclusion,these results provided evidence that the polymorphisms of RXRαgene were associated with growth traits and might apply to Chinese indigenous yellow cattle breeding program as a possible candidate for marker-assisted selection(MAS). | MA Yun GAO HanTing LIN Feng CHEN NingBo XU YongJie JIANG JinHang LI Fen LU FangRu ZHAO Man SHI KuiLin CHENG Ni LI JunYa | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，18： | 1 |
| 6 | Genetic variants in the Hedgehog signaling pathway genes are associated with gastric cancer risk in a Chinese Han population显示文摘The Hedgehog signaling pathway participates in the occurrence and progression of cancers including gastric cancer.We conducted this study to evaluate whether genetic variants in the Hedgehog signaling pathway genes would affect gastric cancer risk.Multi-marker Analysis of GenoMic Annotation(MAGMA)was used to investigate the aggregated genetic effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)assigned to candidate genes.The relationship between SNPs and gastric cancer risk was estimated by multivariate logistic regression analyses.Gene expression was calculated using databases obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and The Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO).Kaplan‐Meier plotter was used to evaluate the association between gene expression with gastric cancer survival.Tumor Immune Estimation Resource 2.0(TIMER 2.0)was applied to determine the correlation between selected gene expression and the immune cell infiltration degree.We identified that the G allele of rs2990912 in KIF27 was associated with higher gastric cancer risk,especially in the young and male subgroups.The expression of KIF27 in gastric cancer tissues was higher than that in normal tissues,leading to poor survival in gastric cancer patients.Besides,KIF27 expression was related to immune cell infiltration and positively correlated with PD-L1 expression.Our findings highlight the key role of genetic variation in the Hedgehog signaling pathway genes in gastric cancer susceptibility,which may provide important insights into the diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment of gastric cancer. | Yujuan Zhang Kai Lu Xu Wu Hanting Liu Junyi Xin Xiaowei Wang Weida Gong Qinghong Zhao Meilin Wang Haiyan Chu Mulong Du Guoquan Tao Zhengdong Zhang | 2022 | The Journal of Biomedical Research2022，36，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Intelligent indoor metasurface robotics显示文摘Intelligent indoor robotics is expected to rapidly gain importance in crucial areas of our modern society such as at-home health care and factories.Yet,existing mobile robots are limited in their ability to perceive and respond to dynamically evolving complex indoor environments because of their inherently limited sensing and computing resources that are,moreover,traded off against their cruise time and payload.To address these formidable challenges,here we propose intelligent indoor metasurface robotics(I2MR),where all sensing and computing are relegated to a centralized robotic brain endowed with microwave perception;and I2MR’s limbs(motorized vehicles,airborne drones,etc.)merely execute the wirelessly received instructions from the brain.The key aspect of our concept is the centralized use of a computation-enabled programmable metasurface that can flexibly mold microwave propagation in the indoor wireless environment,including a sensing and localization modality based on configurational diversity and a communication modality to establish a preferential high-capacity wireless link between the I2MR’s brain and limbs.The metasurface-enhanced microwave perception is capable of realizing low-latency and high-resolution three-dimensional imaging of humans,even around corners and behind thick concrete walls,which is the basis for action decisions of the I2MR’s brain.I2MR is thus endowed with real-time and full-context awareness of its operating indoor environment.We implement,experimentally,a proof-of-principle demonstration at∼2.4 GHz,in which I2MR provides health-care assistance to a human inhabitant.The presented strategy opens a new avenue for the conception of smart and wirelessly networked indoor robotics. | Hanting Zhao Shengguo Hu Hongrui Zhang Zhuo Wang Hao Dong Philipp del Hougne Tie Jun Cui Lianlin Li | 2023 | National Science Review2023，10，8： | 0 |
| 8 | In-situ manipulation of wireless link with reinforcement-learningdriven programmable metasurface in indoor environment显示文摘It is of great importance to control flexibly wireless links in the modern society,especially with the advent of the Internet of Things(IoT),fifth-generation communication(5G),and beyond.Recently,we have witnessed that programmable metasurface(PM)or reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)has become a key enabling technology for manipulating flexibly the wireless link;however,one fundamental but challenging issue is to online design the PM's control sequence in a complicated wireless environment,such as the real-world indoor environment.Here,we propose a reinforcement learning(RL)approach to online control of the PM and thus in-situ improve the quality of the underline wireless link.We designed an inexpensive one-bit PM working at around 2.442 GHz and developed associated RL algorithms,and demonstrated experimentally that it is capable of enhancing the quality of commodity wireless link by a factor of about 10 dB and beyond in multiple scenarios,even if the wireless transmitter is in the glancing angle of the PM in the realworld indoor environment.Moreover,we also prove that our RL algorithm can be extended to improve the wireless signals of receivers in dual-receiver scenario.We faithfully expect that the presented technique could hold important potentials in future wireless communication,smart homes,and many other fields. | Jiawen Xu Rong Zhang Jie Ma Hanting Zhao Lianlin Li | 2023 | Journal of Information and Intelligence2023，1，3： | 0 |
| 9 | A knowledge graph for standard carbonate microfacies and its application in the automatical reconstruction of the relative sea-level curve显示文摘The reconstruction of high-resolution sea-level variation curves in deep time based on the standard car-bonate microfacies knowledge graph(SMFKG)is of great scientific significance for exploring the Earth system evolution and predicting future sea-level and climate changes.In this study,the concepts,attri-butes,and relationships among standard carbonate microfacies(SMF)are comprehensively analyzed;an ontology layer is established and its data layer is constructed using thin-section descriptions;and finally,the SMFKG is established.Additionally,based on the knowledge graph,an application for automatically identifying SMF using identification markers and reconstructing the high-resolution relative sea-level variation curve using the SMF and facies zones is compiled.Then,all thin sections of the late Ediacaran Dengying Formation in the western margin of the Yangtze Platform are observed and described in detail,the SMF and facies zones are identified automatically,and the relative sea-level curve is recon-structed automatically using the SMFKG.The reconstruction results show that the Yangtze Platform experienced four sea-level rise and fall cycles in the late Ediacaran,of which two intense regressions led to subaerial-exposed unconformities in the interior and top of the Dengying Formation,which is highly consistent with previous research results.This shows that the high-resolution relative sea-level variation curve in deep time can be reconstructed efficiently and intelligently using the SMFKG.Additionally,in the near future,the combination of an automatic digital slide-scanning system,machine-learning techniques,and the SMFKG can achieve one-stop fully automatic SMF recognition and reconstruction of high-resolution relative sea-level variation curves in deep time,which has a high application value. | Han Wang Hanting Zhong Anqing Chen Keran Li Hang He Zhe Qi Dongyu Zheng Hongyi Zhao Mingcai Hou | 2023 | Geoscience Frontiers2023，14，5： | 0 |
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