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| 1 | Tiny noise,big mistakes:adversarial perturbations induce errors in brain-computer interface spellers显示文摘An electroencephalogram(EEG)-based brain-computer interface(BCI)speller allows a user to input text to a computer by thought.It is particularly useful to severely disabled individuals,e.g.amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients,who have no other effective means of communication with another person or a computer.Most studies so far focused on making EEG-based BCI spellers faster and more reliable;however,few have considered their security.This study,for the first time,shows that P300 and steady-state visual evoked potential BCI spellers are very vulnerable,i.e.they can be severely attacked by adversarial perturbations,which are too tiny to be noticed when added to EEG signals,but can mislead the spellers to spell anything the attacker wants.The consequence could range from merely user frustration to severe misdiagnosis in clinical applications.We hope our research can attract more attention to the security of EEG-based BCI spellers,and more broadly,EEG-based BCIs,which has received little attention before. | Xiao Zhang Dongrui Wu Lieyun Ding Hanbin Luo Chin-Teng Lin Tzyy-Ping Jung Ricardo Chavarriaga | 2021 | National Science Review2021，8，4： | 2 |
| 2 | Shugan Huoxue Huayu Fang(疏肝活血化瘀方)attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats by inhibiting transforming growth factor-β1/Smad signaling显示文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the potential mechanism by which Shugan Huoxue Huayu Fang(疏肝活血化瘀方,SGHXHYF)ameliorates liver fibrosis.METHODS:Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride(CCl_(4))in peanut oil solution(40%,3 m L/kg body weight)twice a week for 8 weeks.A normal control group received the same volume of peanut oil alone.During weeks 5-8,the CCl_(4)-injected rat groups were administered saline(vehicle control),colchicine(0.1 mg/mL,1 mg/kg,positive control),or SGHXHYF(0.1 mg/mL;0.3,0.6 and 1.2 mg/kg)once daily by oral gavage.Rats were sacrificed 24 h after the last treatment.Blood samples were collected for measurement of serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),albumin(ALB),collagenⅠ,and collagenⅢlevels.Liver samples were analyzed by histopathological staining,Masson's staining of extracellular matrix proteins,and immune-ohistochemical staining ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA).TGF-β1/Smad protein and mRNA levels were analyzed by Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis,respectively.In vitro experiments were also performed using rat hepatic stellate cells(HSCs).RESULTS:Compared with the control animals,CCl_(4)-exposed rats exhibited elevated serum levels of ALT,AST,ALP,collagenⅠ,and collagenⅢ;reduced serum levels of ALB;and increased collagen deposition andα-SMA expression in liver sections,reflecting liver fibrosis.CCl_(4) also increased expression of TGF-β1 and the activated(phosphorylated)forms of Smad2 and Smad3 but reduced expression of the negative regulator Smad7 in the liver.Notably,concomitant administration of SGHXHYF to CCl_(4)-exposed rats was found to significantly reverse or abolish the pro-fibrotic effects of CCl_(4) in the liver and reduced serum transferase levels.Analysis of HSCs in vitro confirmed that,mechanistically,SGHXHYF inhibited activation of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway by downregulating phosphorylated Smad2 and Smad3 and upregulating Smad7 levels.CONCLUSION:SGHXHYF ameliorated CCl_(4)-induced liver fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.These findings suggest that SGHXHYF may have clinical utility for the treatment or prevention of liver fibrosis. | LIU Lei GUO Hanbin SHAO Cuiping WANG Lin XU Youqing ZHOU Yiming | 2022 | Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine2022，42，1： | 2 |
| 3 | Wide-angle Low-loss Single-mode Symmetric Y-junctions 显示文摘 | Cheng Reishin Wang Wayseen | 1994 | IEEE Photon Technol Lett1994，6，7： | 1 |
| 4 | Rice yellow stunt virus activates polyamine biosynthesis to promote viral propagation in insect vectors by disrupting ornithine decarboxylase antienzyme function显示文摘Intracellular polyamines(putrescine,spermidine,and spermine)have emerged as important molecules for viral infection;however,how viruses activate polyamines biosynthesis to promote viral infection remains unclear.Ornithine decarboxylase 1(ODC1)and its antienzyme 1(OAZ1)are major regulators of polyamine biosynthesis in animal cells.Here,we report that rice yellow stunt virus(RYSV),a plant rhabdovirus,could activate putrescine biosynthesis in leafhoppers to promote viral propagation by inhibiting OAZ1 expression.We observed that the reduction of putrescine biosynthesis by treatment with difluormethylornithine(DFMO),a specific nontoxic inhibitor of ODC1,or with in vitro synthesized dsRNAs targeting ODC1 mRNA could inhibit viral infection.In contrast,the supplement of putrescine or the increase of putrescine biosynthesis by treatment with ds RNAs targeting OAZ1 mRNA could facilitate viral infection.We further determined that both RYSV matrix protein M and ODC1 directly bind to the ODC-binding domain at the C-terminus of OAZ1.Thus,viral propagation in leafhoppers would decrease the ability of OAZ1 to target and mediate the degradation of ODC1,which finally activates putrescine production to benefit viral propagation.This work reveals that polyamine-metabolizing enzymes are directly exploited by a vector-borne virus to increase polyamine production,thereby facilitating viral infection in insect vectors. | Xiao-Feng Zhang Tianbao Zeng Yunjie Xie Yuemin Zheng Huanqin Wang Hanbin Lin Zongwen Wang Taiyun Wei | 2021 | Science China(Life Sciences)2021，64，9： | 0 |
| 5 | Promoting Proton Migration Kinetics by Ni^(2+)Regulating Enables Improved Aqueous Zn-MnO_(2) Batteries显示文摘The energy storage behaviors of MnO_(2) for aqueous Zn-MnO_(2) batteries mainly depend on the Zn^(2+)/H^(+)intercalation but are limited by poor ion/electron migration dynamics and stability.Herein,a strategy is proposed that promoting proton migration kinetics ameliorates H^(+)storage activity by introducing Ni^(2+)intoγ-MnO_(2)(Ni-MnO_(2)).Ni^(2+)can lower the diffusion barrier of H^(+)and selectively induce the ion intercalation,thereby alleviating the electrostatic interaction with the lattice.Moreover,Ni^(2+)enables the adjacent[MnO6]octahedrons to have better electron conductivity.The Ni-MnO_(2) exhibits superior rate performance(nearly four times specific capacity compared with MnO_(2))and ultra-long-cycle stability(100%of capacity retention after 11000 cycles at 3.0 A g^(-1)).The calculation indicates that the Ni-MnO_(2) allows H^(+)migrate rapidly along the one-dimensional tunnel due to reduction of the activation energy caused by Ni^(2+)regulating,thus achieving excellent reaction kinetics.This work brings great potential for the development of high-performance aqueous Zn-MnO_(2) batteries. | Jie Ji Jia Yao Yongchang Xu Houzhao Wan Bao Zhang Lin Lv Jingying Li Nengze Wang Zhaohan Zheng Jun Zhang Guokun Ma Li Tao Hanbin Wang Yi Wang Hao Wang | 2023 | Energy & Environmental Materials2023，6，2： | 0 |
| 6 | Continuous video electroencephalogram for herpes simplex encephalitis:a case report and literature review显示文摘Background:Electroencephalogram(EEG)is an important tool for the diagnosis of herpes simplex virus encephalitis(HSE).However,the diagnosis of non-convulsive status epilepticus(NCSE)in HSE is challenging without the help of continuous video EEG(CVEEG),and whether EEG is a predictor of outcome remains controversial.Case presentation:A 63-year-old woman presented with a 5 day history of fever,coma and seizures.Results of EEG,magnetic resonance imaging and polymerase chain reaction(PCR)in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)were suggestive of herpes simplex encephalitis-1(HSE-1).Preliminary EEG showed periodic discharges at the prefrontal and temporal lobes,which were particularly synchronized with intermittent lip smacking movements,and the discharges were terminated by diazepam.After 2-week treatment with acyclovir,high-dose hormone pulse therapy and high-dose immunoglobulin therapy,the CSF was improved,but the patient’s consciousness became worsen,consistent with the diffuse slow waves in the delta range and low voltage of EEG activity.In the following 1 month,the patient had non-responsiveness to pain and sound as shown by CVEEG with diffuse slow waves.Sometimes paroxysmal very slow waves(0.5–1 Hz)were synchronized with intermittent paroxysmal eye movements,pupil abnormality,and sweating in the frontal area.After 2 months of treatment,the EEG abnormalities improved to have alpha rhythm.Conclusion:The CVEEG not only helps identify NCSE but can also be used to monitor HSE progression. | Wanhui Lin Shenggen Chen Hanbin Lin Changyun Liu Huapin Huang | 2020 | Acta Epileptologica2020，2，1： | 0 |
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