| 1 | Shugan Huoxue Huayu Fang(疏肝活血化瘀方)attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats by inhibiting transforming growth factor-β1/Smad signaling显示文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the potential mechanism by which Shugan Huoxue Huayu Fang(疏肝活血化瘀方,SGHXHYF)ameliorates liver fibrosis.METHODS:Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride(CCl_(4))in peanut oil solution(40%,3 m L/kg body weight)twice a week for 8 weeks.A normal control group received the same volume of peanut oil alone.During weeks 5-8,the CCl_(4)-injected rat groups were administered saline(vehicle control),colchicine(0.1 mg/mL,1 mg/kg,positive control),or SGHXHYF(0.1 mg/mL;0.3,0.6 and 1.2 mg/kg)once daily by oral gavage.Rats were sacrificed 24 h after the last treatment.Blood samples were collected for measurement of serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),albumin(ALB),collagenⅠ,and collagenⅢlevels.Liver samples were analyzed by histopathological staining,Masson's staining of extracellular matrix proteins,and immune-ohistochemical staining ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA).TGF-β1/Smad protein and mRNA levels were analyzed by Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis,respectively.In vitro experiments were also performed using rat hepatic stellate cells(HSCs).RESULTS:Compared with the control animals,CCl_(4)-exposed rats exhibited elevated serum levels of ALT,AST,ALP,collagenⅠ,and collagenⅢ;reduced serum levels of ALB;and increased collagen deposition andα-SMA expression in liver sections,reflecting liver fibrosis.CCl_(4) also increased expression of TGF-β1 and the activated(phosphorylated)forms of Smad2 and Smad3 but reduced expression of the negative regulator Smad7 in the liver.Notably,concomitant administration of SGHXHYF to CCl_(4)-exposed rats was found to significantly reverse or abolish the pro-fibrotic effects of CCl_(4) in the liver and reduced serum transferase levels.Analysis of HSCs in vitro confirmed that,mechanistically,SGHXHYF inhibited activation of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway by downregulating phosphorylated Smad2 and Smad3 and upregulating Smad7 levels.CONCLUSION:SGHXHYF ameliorated CCl_(4)-induced liver fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.These findings suggest that SGHXHYF may have clinical utility for the treatment or prevention of liver fibrosis. | LIU Lei GUO Hanbin SHAO Cuiping WANG Lin XU Youqing ZHOU Yiming | 2022 | Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine2022，42，1： | 2 |
| 3 | An engineering approach to improve the accuracy of one-step simulation for vehicle forming-to-crashworthiness integrated evaluation显示文摘To improve the accuracy of the vehicle crashworthiness simulation,it is necessary as well as important to integrate the valid forming effects of key parts.It has been agreed by many that one-step simulation results should be used only as a qualitative trend of the part but not as an engineering result for further structural analysis,especially for a relatively complex part.The study shows that it is inaccurate to analyze the forming effects with one-step simulation based on the geometry of the final part through comparison with the incremental simulation and verification with the actual part,whether in thickness or in plastic strain.However,incremental simulation is very time consuming and infeasible in the early stage of vehicle design due to lacking of forming tools and process parameters.An engineering approach is proposed to meet the requirement of accuracy as well as the time efficiency,where one-step simulation is conducted based on the geometry of the transformed part instead of the final part.The geometry of the transformed part is generated by simple die design engineering and proves to offer much more accuracy than the one-step simulation based on the final part geometry. | WANG WuRong GUO BiMeng WEI XiCheng WANG DaZhi DU HanBin | 2012 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2012，55，6： | 0 |
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