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| 1 | Endoscopic assessment and management of early esophageal adenocarcinoma显示文摘Esophageal carcinoma affects more than 450000people worldwide and the incidence is rapidly increasing.In the United States and Europe,esophageal adenocarcinoma has superseded esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in its incidence.Esophageal cancer has a high mortality rates secondary to the late presentation of most patients at advanced stages.Endoscopic screening is recommended for patients with multiple risk factors for cancer in Barrett’s esophagus.These risk factors include chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease,hiatal hernia,advanced age,male sex,white race,cigarette smoking,and obesity.The annual risk of esophageal cancer is approximately 0.25%for patients without dysplasia and 6%for patients with high-grade dysplasia.Twenty percent of all esophageal adenocarcinoma in the United States is early stage with disease confined to the mucosa or submucosa.The significant morbidity and mortality of esophagectomy make endoscopic treatment an attractive option.The American Gastroenterological Association recommends endoscopic eradication therapy for patients with high-grade dysplasia.Endoscopic modalities for treatment of early esophageal adenocarcinoma include endoscopic resection techniques and endoscopic ablative techniques such as radiofrequency ablation,photodynamic therapy and cryoablation.Endoscopic therapy should be precluded to patients with no evidence of lymphovascular invasion.Local tumor recurrence is low after endoscopic therapy and is predicted by poor differentiation of tumor,positive lymph node and submucosal invasion.Surgical resection should be offered to patients with deep submucosal invasion. | Ghassan M Hammoud Hazem Hammad Jamal A Ibdah | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2014，6，8： | 4 |
| 2 | Assessment and evaluation of fractal dimension of concrete fracture surface digitized images显示文摘 | Issa M A Hammad A M | 1994 | Cement Concrete Res1994，24，2： | 1 |
| 3 | Evaluation of root canal obtu- ration :a three-dimensional in vitro study 显示文摘 | Hammad M Qualtrough A Silikas N | 2009 | J Endod2009，35，4： | 1 |
| 4 | Prophylactic tracheal intubation for upper GI bleeding: A meta-analysis显示文摘AIM: To evaluate usefulness of prophylactically intubating upper gastrointestinal bleeding(UGIB) patients. METHODS: UGIB results in a significant number of hospital admissions annually with endoscopy being the key intervention. In these patients, risks are associated with the bleeding and the procedure, including pulmonary aspiration. However, very little literature is available assessing the use of prophylactic endotracheal intubation on aspiration in these patients. A comprehensive search was performed in May 2014 in Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane databases, Pub Med/Medline, Embase, and published abstracts from national gastroenterology meetings in the United States(2004-2014). Included studies examined UGIB patients and compared prophylactic intubation to no intubation before endoscopy. Meta-analysis was conducted using Rev Man 5.2 by Mantel-Haenszel and Der Simonian and Laird models with results presented as odds ratio for aspiration, pneumonia(within 48 h), and mortality. Funnel plots were utilized for publication bias and I2 measure of inconsistency for heterogeneity assessments. RESULTS: Initial search identified 571 articles. Of these articles, 10 relevant peer-reviewed articles in English and two relevant abstracts were selected to review by two independent authors(Almashhrawi AA and Bechtold ML). Of these studies, eight were excluded: Five did not have a control arm, one was a letter the editor, one was a survey study, and one was focused on prevention of UGIB. Therefore, four studies(N = 367) were included. Of the UGIB patients prophylactically intubated before endoscopy, pneumonia(within 48 h) was identified in 20 of 134(14.9%) patients as compared to 5 of 95(5.3%) patients that were not intubated prophylactically(P = 0.02). Despite observed trends, no significantdifferences were found for mortality(P = 0.18) or aspiration(P = 0.11).CONCLUSION: Pneumonia within 48 h is more likely in UGIB patients who received prophylactic endotracheal intubation prior to endoscopy. | Ashraf A Almashhrawi Rubayat Rahman Samuel T Jersak Akwi W Asombang Alisha M Hinds Hazem T Hammad Douglas L Nguyen Matthew L Bechtold | 2015 | World Journal of Meta-Analysis2015，3，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Propagation of Rayleigh waves in general- ized magneto-thermoelastic orthotropic material under initial stress and gravity field 显示文摘 | Abd-Alla A M Abo-Dahab S M Hammad H A H | 2011 | Ap- plied Mathematical Modelling2011，35，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Extended setting shrinkage behavior of endodontic sealers 显示文摘 | Hammad M Qualtrough A Silikas N | 2008 | J Endod2008，34，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Increasing drug solubility by bile salt phosphatdylcholine-based mixed micelles 显示文摘 | Muller Bw | 1998 | Eur J Pharm Biopharm1998，46，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Structural analysis of 3-D braided preforms for composites part Ⅰ: the four-step prefonns显示文摘 | Li W Hammad M El-Shiekh A | 1990 | J Text Inst1990，81，： | 1 |
| 9 | Slubility and stability of lorazepam in bile salt/soya phosphatidylcholine mixed micelles 显示文摘 | Muller Bw | 1999 | Drug Dev Ind Pharm1999，25，40： | 1 |
| 10 | Increasing drug solubility by means of bile salt-phosphatidylcholine-based mixed micelles 显示文摘 | Hammad M A Mailer B W | 1998 | Eur J Pharm Biopharm1998，46，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Effect of some formulation parameters on flurbiprofen encapsulation and release rates of niosomes prepared from proniosomes显示文摘 | Mokhtar M Sammour O A Hammad M A | 2008 | IntJPharm2008，361，12： | 1 |
| 12 | Increasing drug solubility bymeans of bile salt-phosphatidycholine-based mixed micelles 显示文摘 | Muller B W | 1998 | Eur Pharm Biopharm1998，46，： | 1 |
| 13 | Solubility and stability of tetrazepam in mixed micelles 显示文摘 | Hammad M A Mailer B W | 1998 | Eur J Pharm Sci1998，7，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Solubility and stability of clonazepare in mixed micelles 显示文摘 | Hammad M A Mailer B W | 1998 | Int J Pharm1998，169，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Application of a thyristor controlled vat compensator for damping subsynchronous oscillations in power systems显示文摘 | Hammad A E EI-Sadek M | 1984 | IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems1984，103，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Optimized formulation for topical administration of clotrimazole using pemulen polymeric emulsifier显示文摘 | SHAHIN M HADY S A HAMMAD M | 2010 | Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy2010，37，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Transient AC voltage related phenomena for HVDC schemes connected to weak AC systems显示文摘 | Pilotto L A S Szechtman M Hammad A E | 1992 | IEEE Trans on Power Delivery1992，7，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Release of monomers from different core build- up materials显示文摘 | Polydorou O Hammad M Konig A | 2009 | Dent Meter2009，25，9： | 1 |
| 19 | Electrochemical promotion of NO reduction by C2H4 in excess O2 using a monolithic electropromoted reactor and Pt-Rh sputtered electrodes显示文摘 | Koutsodontis C Hammad A Lepage M | 2008 | Top Catal2008，50，1234： | 1 |
| 20 | Characteristics of solar water pumping in jordan显示文摘 | Hammad M A | 1999 | Energy1999，24，： | 1 |
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