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| 1 | Dual destructive and protective roles of adaptive immunity in neurodegenerative disorders显示文摘Inappropriate T cell responses in the central nervous system(CNS)affect the pathogenesis of a broad range of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders that include,but are not limited to,multiple sclerosis,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.On the one hand immune responses can exacerbate neurotoxic responses;while on the other hand,they can lead to neuroprotective outcomes.The temporal and spatial mechanisms by which these immune responses occur and are regulated in the setting of active disease have gained significant recent attention.Spatially,immune responses that affect neurodegeneration may occur within or outside the CNS.Migration of antigen-specific CD4+T cells from the periphery to the CNS and consequent immune cell interactions with resident glial cells affect neuroinflammation and neuronal survival.The destructive or protective mechanisms of these interactions are linked to the relative numerical and functional dominance of effector or regulatory T cells.Temporally,immune responses at disease onset or during progression may exhibit a differential balance of immune responses in the periphery and within the CNS.Immune responses with predominate T cell subtypes may differentially manifest migratory,regulatory and effector functions when triggered by endogenous misfolded and aggregated proteins and cell-specific stimuli.The final result is altered glial and neuronal behaviors that influence the disease course.Thus,discovery of neurodestructive and neuroprotective immune mechanisms will permit potential new therapeutic pathways that affect neuronal survival and slow disease progression. | Kristi M Anderson Katherine E Olson Katherine A Estes Ken Flanagan Howard E Gendelman R Lee Mosley | 2014 | Translational Neurodegeneration2014，3，1： | 8 |
| 2 | Risk for emerging bipolar disorder, variants, and symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, now grown up显示文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence of bipolar disorder(BD) and sub-threshold symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) through 14 years' follow-up, when participants were between 21-24 years old.METHODS: First, we examined rates of BD type Ⅰ?and Ⅱ diagnoses in youth participating in the NIMH-funded Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD(MTA). We used the diagnostic interview schedule for children(DISC), administered to both parents(DISC-P) and youth(DISCY). We compared the MTA study subjects with ADHD(n = 579) to a local normative comparison group(LNCG, n = 289) at 4 different assessment points: 6, 8, 12, and 14 years of follow-ups. To evaluate the bipolar variants, we compared total symptom counts(TSC) of DSM manic and hypomanic symptoms that were generated by DISC in ADHD and LNCG subjects. Then we sub-divided the TSC into pathognomonic manic(PM) and non-specific manic(NSM) symptoms. We compared the PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG at each assessment point and over time. We also evaluated the irritability as category A2 manic symptom in both groups and over time. Finally, we studied the irritability symptom in correlation with PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG subjects.RESULTS: DISC-generated BD diagnosis did not differ significantly in rates between ADHD(1.89%) and LNCG 1.38%). Interestingly, no participant met BD diagnosis more than once in the 4 assessment points in 14 years. However, on the symptom level, ADHD subjects reported significantly higher mean TSC scores: ADHD 3.0; LNCG 1.7; P < 0.001. ADHD status was associated with higher mean NSM: ADHD 2.0 vs LNCG 1.1; P < 0.0001. Also, ADHD subjects had higher PM symptoms than LNCG, with PM means over all time points of 1.3 ADHD; 0.9 LNCG; P = 0.0001. Examining both NSM and PM, ADHD status associated with greater NSM than PM. However, Over 14 years, the NSM symptoms declined and changed to PM over time(df 3, 2523; F = 20.1; P < 0.0001). Finally, Irritability(BD DSM criterion-A2) rates were significantly higher in ADHD than LNCG(χ2 = 122.2, P < 0.0001), but irritability was associated more strongly with NSM than PM(df 3, 2538; F = 43.2; P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: Individuals with ADHD do not appear to be at significantly greater risk for developing BD, but do show higher rates of BD symptoms, especially NSM. The greater linkage of irritability to NSM than to PM suggests caution when making BD diagnoses based on irritability alone as one of 2(A-level) symptoms for BD diagnosis, particularly in view of its frequent presentation with other psychopathologies. | Ahmed Z Elmaadawi Peter S Jensen L Eugene Arnold Brooke SG Molina Lily Hechtman Howard B Abikoff Stephen P Hinshaw Jeffrey H Newcorn Laurence Lee Greenhill James M Swanson Cathryn A Galanter | 2015 | World Journal of Psychiatry2015，5，4： | 3 |
| 3 | B7-1 and B7-2 costimulatory molecules activate differentially the Th1/Th2 developmental pathways: Application to autoimmune disease therapy显示文摘 | Vijay K Kuchroo Mercy Prabhu Das Julia A Brown Ann M Ranger Scott S Zamvil Raymond A Sobel Howard L Weiner Nasrin Nabavi Laurie H Glimcher | 1995 | Cell1995，，5： | 2 |
| 4 | 临床试验数据共享声明国际医学期刊编辑委员会统一要求显示文摘国际医学期刊编辑委员会(ICMJE)认为,由于临床试验参与者处于研究风险之中,我们有伦理义务来负责任地共享干预性临床试验产生的原始数据。2016年1月,ICMJE发表了1项关于临床试验数据共享的提案,旨在帮助创造共享去标识个体患者数据的常态化环境。迄今,应我们的反馈要求,ICMJE收到了很多来自个人和团体的意见。 | Darren B Taichman Peush Sahni Larry Peiperl Christine Laine Astrid James Sung-Tae Hong Abraham Haileamlak Laragh Gollogly Fiona Godlee Frank A Frizelle Fernando Florenzano Jeffrey M Drazen Howard Bauchner Christopher Baethge Deutsches Arzteblatt Joyce Backus 季媛媛 | 2017 | 英国医学杂志中文版2017，20，7： | 2 |
| 5 | 临床试验数据共享声明显示文摘国际医学期刊编辑委员会(ICMJE)认为,由于临床试验参与者处于研究风险之中,我们有伦理义务来负责任地共享干预性临床试验产生的原始数据。2016年1月,ICMJE发表了一项关于临床试验数据共享的提案,旨在帮助创造共享去标识个体患者数据的常态化环境。 | Darren B Taichman Peush Sahni Anja Pinborg Larry Peiperl Christine Laine Astrid James Sung-Tae Hong Abraham Haileamlak Laragh Gollogly Fiona Godlee Frank A Frizelle Fernando Florenzano Jeffrey M Drazen Howard Bauchner Christopher Baethge Joyce Backus 季媛媛 | 2017 | 中国医院院长2017，13，16： | 2 |
| 6 | phenomena of scintillation noise in radar-tracking system显示文摘 | Dunn J H Howard D D king A M | 1959 | Proceedings of IRE1959，47，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Development of a lipopepetide-based therapeutic vaccine to treat chronic HBV infection显示文摘 | Ishioka G Howard M | 1995 | J Clin Invest1995，95，： | 1 |
| 8 | Direct observation of behaviour of Au nanoclusters on TiO2(110) at elevated temperatures显示文摘 | MITCHELL C E J HOWARD A CARGEN M EGDLL R G | 2001 | Surface Science2001，490，： | 1 |
| 9 | Sand transport model of barchan dune equilibrium显示文摘 | Howard A D Morton J B Gad-el-Hak M | 1978 | Sedimentology1978，25，： | 1 |
| 10 | Dietary fructooligosaccharide, xylooligosaccharide and gum arabic have variable effects on cecal and colonic microbiota and epithelial cell proliferation in mice and rats显示文摘 | Howard M D Gordon D T Garleb K A | 1995 | J Nutr1995，125，10： | 1 |
| 11 | The prevalence of amtibiotic resistance in Haremophilus in fluenzae in wales显示文摘 | HOWARD A J WILLMAS H M | 1988 | Antimicrob Chemother1988，21，： | 1 |
| 12 | Use of organic carbon and loss - on - ignition to estimate soil organic matter in different soil types and horizons显示文摘 | Howard P J A Howard D M | 1990 | Biology and Fertility of soils1990，9，： | 1 |
| 13 | Early diagenetic re-crystallization of Holocene (<3000 years old) peritidal dolo-mites ? Ambergris Cay, Belize显示文摘 | Gregg J M Howard S A Mazzullo S J | 1992 | Sedimentology?1992，39，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Leptin prevents the fall in plasma osteocalcin during starvation in male mice显示文摘 | Goldstone A P Howard J K Lord G M | 2002 | Biochem Biophys Res Commun2002，295，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Postpartum depression显示文摘 | Pearlstein T Howard M Salisbury A | 2009 | Am J Obstet Gynecol2009，，200： | 1 |
| 16 | Development of a lipopepetidebased therapeutic vaccine to treat chronic HBV infection 显示文摘 | Vitiello A Ishioka G Howard M | 1995 | J Clin Invest1995，95，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women presenting with external genital warts显示文摘 | Howard M Sellors J Lytwyn A | 2002 | CMAJ2002，166，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Structure and binding in small neutral and cationic boron cluster 显示文摘 | RAY A K HOWARD I A KANAL K M | 1992 | Phys Rev B1992，45，14： | 1 |
| 19 | New AcetylsTechnologies from BP Chemicals 显示文摘 | Howard M J Sunley G J Poole A D | 1999 | Stud SurfSci Catal1999，121，： | 1 |
| 20 | Nurse - controlled analgesia ( NCA ) following major surgery in 10 000 patients in a children's hospital显示文摘 | Howard R F Lloud - Thomas A Thomas M | 2010 | Pediatric Anesthesia2010，20，2： | 1 |
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