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| 1 | Role of live microbial feed supplements with reference to anaerobic fungi in ruminant productivity: A review显示文摘To keep the concept of a safe food supply to the consumers, animal feed industries world over are showing an increasing interest in the direct-fed microbials(DFM) for improved animal performance in terms of growth or productivity. This becomes all the more essential in a situation, where a number of the residues of antibiotics and/or other growth stimulants reach in milk and meat with a number of associated potential risks for the consumers. Hence, in the absence of growth stimulants, a positive manipulation of the rumen microbial ecosystem to enhance the feedstuff utilization for improved production efficiency by ruminants has become of much interest to the researchers and entrepreneurs. A few genera of live microbes(i.e., bacteria, fungi and yeasts in different types of formulations from paste to powder) are infrequently used as DFM for the domestic ruminants. These DFM products are live microbial feed supplements containing naturally occurring microbes in the rumen. Among different DFM possibilities, anaerobic rumen fungi(ARF) based additives have been found to improve ruminant productivity consistently during feeding trials. Administration of ARF during the few trials conducted, led to the increased weight gain, milk production, and total tract digestibility of feed components in ruminants. Anaerobic fungi in the rumen display very strong cell-wall degrading cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities through rhizoid development, resulting in the physical disruption of feed structure paving the way for bacterial action. Significant improvements in the fiber digestibility were found to coincide with increases in ARF in the rumen indicating their role. Most of the researches based on DFM have indicated a positive response in nutrient digestion and methane reducing potential during in vivo and/or in vitro supplementation of ARF as DFM. Therefore, DFM especially ARF will gain popularity but it is necessary that all the strains are thoroughly studied for their beneficial properties to have a confirmed ‘generally regarded as safe' status for ruminants. | Anil K Puniya Abdelfattah Z M Salem Sanjay Kumar Sumit S Dagar Gareth W Griffith Monica Puniya Sreenivas R Ravella Nikhil Kumar Tejpal Dhewa Ravinder Kumar | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2015，14，3： | 17 |
| 2 | Effects of temperature and moisture on carbon respired from decomposing woody roots显示文摘 | Chen H Harmon M E Griffiths R P | 2000 | Forest Ecology and Management2000，138，： | 1 |
| 3 | Anaesthesia for hip fracture surgery in adults显示文摘 | Parker M J Handoll H H Griffiths R | 2004 | Coehrane Database Syst Rev2004，18，00： | 1 |
| 4 | Time-domain analysis of lossy coupled transmission lines显示文摘 | Griffith J R Nakhla M S | 1990 | IEEE Trans on Microwave Theory and Techniques1990，38，10： | 1 |
| 5 | A view of cloud computing显示文摘 | ARMBRUST M FOX A GRIFFITH R | 2010 | Communications of the ACM2010，53，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Addition of rituximab to chemotherapy alone as first-line therapy improves overall survival in elderly patients with mantle cell lymphoma显示文摘 | Griffiths R Mikhael J Gleeson M | 2011 | Blood2011，118，18： | 1 |
| 7 | A view of cloud computing显示文摘 | Armbrust M Fox A Griffith R | 2010 | Communications of the ACM2010，53，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Application of massively parallel sequencing to microRNA profiling and discovery in human embryonic stem cells显示文摘 | MORIN R D O'CONNOR M D GRIFFITH M | 2008 | Genome Res2008，18，4： | 1 |
| 9 | The effect of nitrate-nitrogen on bacteria and the bacterial feeding fauna in the rhizosphere of different grass species 显示文摘 | WELSCHEN R VON ARENDONK J J C M | 1992 | Oecologia1992，91，： | 1 |
| 10 | Functional human corneal equivalents constructed from cell lines显示文摘 | Griffith M Osborne R Munger R | 1999 | Science1999，286，： | 1 |
| 11 | Perfusion C T: a worthwhile enhance- ment 显示文摘 | Miles K A Griffiths M R | 2003 | Br J Radio12003，76，904： | 1 |
| 12 | Perfusion CT: a worthwhile enhancement显示文摘 | Miles K A Griffiths M R | 2003 | Br J Radiol2003，76，2： | 1 |
| 13 | E-valuation of bupivacaine - induced muscle regeneration in the treat-ment of ptosis in patients with chronic progressive external ophthal-moplegia and Kearns - Sayre syndrome 显示文摘 | ANDREWS R M GRIFFITHS P G CHINNERY P F | 1999 | Eye ( Lond)1999，13，6： | 1 |
| 14 | Three-dimensional slope stability analysis by elasto-plastic finite elements显示文摘 | Griffiths D V Marquez R M | 2007 | Geotechnique2007，57，6： | 1 |
| 15 | Influences on the fractionation of calcium isotopes in planktonic Foraminifera显示文摘 | Griffith E M Paytan A Kozdon R Eisenhauer A Ravelo A C | 2008 | Earth Planet Sci Lett2008，268，12： | 1 |
| 16 | The Geographic Distribution of Production Activity in the UK 显示文摘 | Devereux M P Griffith R Helen Simpson | 1999 | The Institute for Fiscal Studies1999，，26： | 1 |
| 17 | Above the clouds: a Berkeley view of cloud computing 显示文摘 | ARMBRUST M FOX A GRIFFITH R | 2010 | Communications of the ACM2010，53，4： | 1 |
| 18 | A view of cloud computing显示文摘 | Armbrust M Fox A Griffith R | 2010 | Communications of the ACM2010，53，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Uncovering mental representations with Markov chain Monte Carlo显示文摘 | Sanborn A N Griffiths T L Shiffrin R M | | 0，，60： | 1 |
| 20 | Increasing Australian-Indonesian monsoon rainfall linked to early Hol- ocene sea-level rise 显示文摘 | Griffiths M L Drysdale R N Gagan M K | 2009 | Nature Geoscienee2009，2，9： | 1 |
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