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| 1 | Fluid balance concepts in medicine:Principles and practice显示文摘The regulation of body fluid balance is a key concern in health and disease and comprises three concepts. The first concept pertains to the relationship between total body water(TBW) and total effective solute and is expressed in terms of the tonicity of the body fluids. Disturbances in tonicity are the main factor responsible for changes in cell volume, which can critically affect brain cell function and survival. Solutes distributed almost exclusively in the extracellular compartment(mainly sodium salts) and in the intracellular compartment(mainly potassium salts) contribute to tonicity, while solutes distributed in TBW have no effect on tonicity. The second body fluid balance concept relates to the regulation and measurement of abnormalities of sodium salt balance and extracellular volume. Estimation of extracellular volume is more complex and error prone than measurement of TBW. A key function of extracellular volume, which is defined as the effective arterial blood volume(EABV), is to ensure adequate perfusion of cells and organs. Other factors, including cardiac output, total and regional capacity of both arteries and veins, Starling forces in the capillaries, and gravity also affect the EABV. Collectively, these factors interact closely with extracellular volume and some of them undergo substantial changes in certain acute and chronic severe illnesses. Their changes result not only in extracellular volume expansion, but in the need for a larger extracellular volume compared with that of healthy individuals. Assessing extracellular volume in severe illness is challenging because the estimates of this volume by commonly used methods are prone to large errors in many illnesses. In addition, the optimal extracellular volume may vary from illness to illness, is only partially based on volume measurements by traditional methods, and has not been determined for each illness. Further research is needed to determine optimal extracellular volume levels in several illnesses. For these reasons, extracellular volume in severe illness merits a separate third concept of body fluid balance. | Maria-Eleni Roumelioti Robert H Glew Zeid J Khitan Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Deepak Malhotra Dominic S Raj Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Glen H Murata Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2018 | World Journal of Nephrology2018，7，1： | 3 |
| 2 | Characterization of a Major Hemagglutinin Protein from Mycoplasma gallisepticum显示文摘 | Markham P F Glew M D | 1992 | Infect Immun1992，60，6： | 1 |
| 3 | Molecular Cloning of a Member of the Gene Family That Encodes pMGA, a Hemagglutinin of Mycoplasma gallisepticum显示文摘 | Markham P F Glew M D | 1993 | Infect Immun1993，61，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Walker,Expression of the pMGA Genes of Mycoplasma gallisepticum Is Controlled by Variation in the GAA Trinucleotide Repeat Lengths within the 5' Noncoding Regions显示文摘 | Glew M D Baseggio N Markham P F | 1998 | Infect Immunol1998，66，： | 1 |
| 5 | Characterization of a major hemagglutinin protein from Mycoplasma gallisepticum显示文摘 | Markham P F Glew M Brandon M R | 1991 | Infect Immun1991，60，： | 1 |
| 6 | Molecular cloning of a member of the gene family that encodes pMGA,a hemagglutinin of Mycoplasma galliseptium 显示文摘 | Markham P F Glew M D Whithear K G | 1993 | Infect Immun1993，61，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Size and genomic location of the pMGA multigene family of Mycoplasma galliseptium 显示文摘 | Baseggio N Glew M D Markham P F | 1996 | Microbiology1996，142，： | 1 |
| 8 | The arrangement of scales and bristles on Mallomonas (Chrysophyceae) :A proposed mechanism for the formation of the cell covering显示文摘 | Siver P A Glew J R | 1990 | Canadian Journal of Botany1990，68，： | 1 |
| 9 | Determination of serum acid phosphatase in gauehers disease using 4-methylumhelliferyl phosphate显示文摘 | CHAMBERS J P AQUINO L GLEW R H | 1977 | Clin Chim Acta1977，80，1： | 1 |
| 10 | A gene family in Mycoplasma imitans closely related to the pMGA family of Mycoplasma gallisepticum显示文摘 | Markham P F Duffy M F Glew M D | 1999 | Microbiology1999，145，8： | 1 |
| 11 | Characterization of a major hemagglutinin protein from Mycoplasma gallieptium显示文摘 | Glew M Brandon M R | 1991 | Infect Immun1991，60，： | 1 |
| 12 | Size and genomic location of the pMGA multigene family of Mycoplasma gallisepticum显示文摘 | Glew M D Markham P F | 1996 | Microbiology1996，142，： | 1 |
| 13 | Expression studies on four members of the pMGA multigene family in Mycoplasma gallisepticum S6 显示文摘 | Glew M D Markham P F Browning G F | 1995 | Microbiology1995，141，： | 1 |
| 14 | Characterization of a major hemagglutinin protein from Mycoplasma gallisepticum显示文摘 | Glew M Brandon M R | 1991 | Infect Immun1991，60，： | 1 |
| 15 | Optical properties and direct radiative effect of Saharan dust:A case study of two Saharan dust outbreaks using aircraft data显示文摘 | Haywood J M Francis P N Glew D | 2001 | J Geophys Res2001，106，18： | 1 |
| 16 | Host-pathogen intevactions in mycoplasma pathogenesis:virulence and survival strategies of minimalist paokaryotes显示文摘 | Rosengarten P Citti C Glew I | 2000 | Int J Med Microbiol2000，290，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Characterization of a major hemagglutin in protein from Mycoplasma gallieptcium 显示文摘 | MARKHAM P F GLEW M B RANDON M R | 1991 | Infect Immun1991，60，： | 1 |
| 18 | Determination of serum acid phosphatase in Gaucher's disease using 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate显示文摘 | CHAMBERS J P AQUINO L GLEW R H | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 19 | Diagnosis of Type 2 Dia- betes: The Experience of Jordanian Patients with Co-existing Depression显示文摘 | AI-Amer R Ramjan L Glew P | 2015 | Issues Ment Health Nuts2015，36，3： | 1 |
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