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| 1 | Fluid balance concepts in medicine:Principles and practice显示文摘The regulation of body fluid balance is a key concern in health and disease and comprises three concepts. The first concept pertains to the relationship between total body water(TBW) and total effective solute and is expressed in terms of the tonicity of the body fluids. Disturbances in tonicity are the main factor responsible for changes in cell volume, which can critically affect brain cell function and survival. Solutes distributed almost exclusively in the extracellular compartment(mainly sodium salts) and in the intracellular compartment(mainly potassium salts) contribute to tonicity, while solutes distributed in TBW have no effect on tonicity. The second body fluid balance concept relates to the regulation and measurement of abnormalities of sodium salt balance and extracellular volume. Estimation of extracellular volume is more complex and error prone than measurement of TBW. A key function of extracellular volume, which is defined as the effective arterial blood volume(EABV), is to ensure adequate perfusion of cells and organs. Other factors, including cardiac output, total and regional capacity of both arteries and veins, Starling forces in the capillaries, and gravity also affect the EABV. Collectively, these factors interact closely with extracellular volume and some of them undergo substantial changes in certain acute and chronic severe illnesses. Their changes result not only in extracellular volume expansion, but in the need for a larger extracellular volume compared with that of healthy individuals. Assessing extracellular volume in severe illness is challenging because the estimates of this volume by commonly used methods are prone to large errors in many illnesses. In addition, the optimal extracellular volume may vary from illness to illness, is only partially based on volume measurements by traditional methods, and has not been determined for each illness. Further research is needed to determine optimal extracellular volume levels in several illnesses. For these reasons, extracellular volume in severe illness merits a separate third concept of body fluid balance. | Maria-Eleni Roumelioti Robert H Glew Zeid J Khitan Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Deepak Malhotra Dominic S Raj Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Glen H Murata Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2018 | World Journal of Nephrology2018，7，1： | 3 |
| 2 | Osteochondral lesions of the talus:a revised classification显示文摘 | Hepple S Winson I G Glew D | 1999 | Foot Ankle Int1999，20，12： | 1 |
| 3 | Host-pathogen in- teractions in mycoplasma pathogenesis:virulence and survival strategies of minimalist prokaryotes 显示文摘 | ROSENGARTEN R CITI'I C GLEW M | 2000 | Int J Med Microbiol2000，290，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Osteochondral lesions of the talus;arevised classitl- cation 显示文摘 | Hepple S Winson I G Glew D | 1999 | Foot & Ankle International1999，20，12： | 1 |
| 5 | Osteochondral lesions of the talus:A revised classification显示文摘 | Hepple S Winston I Glew D | 1999 | Foot and Ankle International1999，，12： | 1 |
| 6 | Host-pathogen intevactions in mycoplasma pathogenesis:virulence and survival strategies of minimalist paokaryotes显示文摘 | Rosengarten P Citti C Glew I | 2000 | Int J Med Microbiol2000，290，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Osteochondral lesions of the talus; a revised classification显示文摘 | Hepple S Winson I G Glew D | 1999 | Foot & Ankle International1999，20，12： | 1 |
| 8 | Osteochondral lesions of the talus: a revised classification 显示文摘 | Hepple S Winson I G Glew D | 1999 | Foot & Ankle Internation- al1999，20，12： | 1 |
| 9 | A novel multi-gene family of sheep gamma delta T cells显示文摘 | Walker I D Glew M D O'Keeffe M A | 1994 | Immunology1994，83，4： | 1 |
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