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| 1 | Secondary causes of inflammatory bowel diseases显示文摘Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD),conventionally consist of Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis.They occur in individuals with high risk genotype for the disease in the setting of appropriate environmental factors.The pathogenesis of IBD involves a dysregulated autoimmune response to gut dysbiosis,which in turn is triggered due to exposure to various inciting environmental factors.But there is no clearly defined etiology of IBD and this type of disease is termed as“idiopathic IBD”,“classic IBD”,or“primary IBD”.We reviewed the current medical literature and found that certain etiological factors may be responsible for the development of IBD or IBD-like conditions,and we consider this form of de novo IBD as“secondary IBD”.Currently known factors that are potentially responsible for giving rise to secondary IBD are medications;bowel altering surgeries and transplantation of organs,stem cells or fecal microbiome.Medications associated with the development of secondary IBD include;immunomodulators,anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agents,anti-interleukin agents,interferons,immune stimulating agents and checkpoint inhibitors.Colectomy can in some cases give rise to de novo CD,pouchitis of the ileal pouch,or postcolectomy enteritis syndrome.After solid organ transplantation or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,the recipient may develop de novo IBD or IBD flare.Fecal microbiota transplantation has been widely used to treat patients suffering from recurrent Clostridium difficile infection but can also causes IBD flares. | Yezaz A Ghouri Veysel Tahan Bo Shen | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，28： | 13 |
| 2 | Assessment of the relationship between oil prices and US oil stocks显示文摘 | Ghouri S S | 2006 | Energy Policy2006，34，33： | 1 |
| 3 | Lobectomy for pulmonary vein occlusion secondary to radiofrequency ablation显示文摘 | Steliga MA Ghouri M Massurni A | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 4 | Effect of flumazenil on recovery after midazolam and propofol sedation显示文摘 | Ghouri AF Ruiz MA White PF | 1994 | Anesthesiology1994，81，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Prediction of occult neck disease in laryngeal cancer by means of a logistic regression statistical model显示文摘 | Zamora RL Sessions DG | 1994 | Laryngoscope1994，104，： | 1 |
| 6 | Insulin sensitisers in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease : a systematic review 显示文摘 | Shyangdan D Clar C Ghouri N | 2011 | HeahhTechnol Assess2011，15，38： | 1 |
| 7 | Assessment of the relationship between oil prices and US oil stocks显示文摘 | Ghouri S S | 2006 | Energy Policy2006，34，17： | 1 |
| 8 | Effect of flumazenil on recovery after midazolam and propofol sedation显示文摘 | Ghouri A F Ruiz M A White P F | 1994 | Anesthesiology1994，81，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Effect of flumazenil on recovery after midazolam and propofol sedation显示文摘 | Ghouri A F Ruiz M A White P F | 1994 | Anesthesiology1994，81，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Liver enzymes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and incident cardiovascular disease : a narrative review and clinical perspective of prospective data显示文摘 | Ghouri N Preiss D Sattar N | 2010 | Hepatology2010，52，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Comparative effects of desflurane and isoflurane on vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade显示文摘 | Ghouri AF White PF | 1992 | J Clin Anesth1992，4，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs for prevention of restenosis/reocclusion following peripheral endovascular treatment显示文摘 | Robertson L Ghouri MA Kovacs F | 2012 | Cochrane Database Syst Rev2012，8，00： | 1 |
| 13 | Insulin sensitisers in the treat- ment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:a systematic review 显示文摘 | Shyangdan D Clar C Ghouri N | 2011 | Health Technol Assess2011，15，38： | 1 |
| 14 | Liver enzymes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and incident cardiovascular disease: a narrative review and clinical perspective of prospective data显示文摘 | Ghouri N Preiss D Sattar A N | 2010 | Hepatology2010，52，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Recory profile after desflurane-nitrous oxide versus isofluranenitrous oxide in outpatients显示文摘 | Ghouri AF Bodner M White PF | 1991 | Anesthesiology1991，74，： | 1 |
| 16 | Liver enzymes,nonalcoholicfatty liver disease,and incident cardiovascular disease:anarrative review and clinical perspective of prospective data显示文摘 | Ghouri N Preiss D Sattar N | 2010 | Hepatology2010，52，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Insulin sensitisers in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:a systematic review显示文摘 | Shyangdan D Clar C Ghouri N | | 0，，38： | 1 |
| 18 | Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs for prevention of restenosis/reocclusion following peripheral endovascular treatment显示文摘 | Robertson L Ghouri MA kovacs F | 2012 | Cochrane Database Syst Rev2012，8，00： | 1 |
| 19 | Self expandable metallic stent endoscopic insertion in esophageal cancer 显示文摘 | Siddiqui AA Ausari S Ghouri MA | 2010 | J Coil Physicians Surg Pak2010，20，8： | 1 |
| 20 | Electroencephalogram spectral edge frequency, lower esophageal contractility, and autonomic responsiveness during general anesthesia显示文摘 | Ahmed F. Ghouri MD Terri G. Monk MD Dr Paul F. White PhD MD FFARACS | 1993 | Journal of Clinical Monitoring1993，，3： | 1 |
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