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| 1 | Semiautomated 3D Root Segmentation and Evaluation Based on X-Ray CT Imagery显示文摘Background.Computed X-ray tomography(CTX)is a high-end nondestructive approach for the visual assessment of root architecture in soil.Nevertheless,in order to evaluate high-resolution CTX data of root architectures,manual segmentation of the depicted root systems from large-scale volume data is currently necessary,which is both time consuming and error prone.The duration of such a segmentation is of importance,especially for time-resolved growth analysis,where several instances of a plant need to be segmented and evaluated.Specifically,in our application,the contrast between soil and root data varies due to different growth stages and watering situations at the time of scanning.Additionally,the root system itself is expanding in length and in the diameter of individual roots.Objective.For semiautomated and robust root system segmentation from CTX data,we propose the RootForce approach,which is an extension of Frangi’s“multi-scale vesselness”method and integrates a 3D local variance.It allows a precise delineation of roots with diameters down to severalμm in pots with varying diameters.Additionally,RootForce is not limited to the segmentation of small below-ground organs,but is also able to handle storage roots with a diameter larger than 40 voxels.Results.Using CTX volume data of full-grown bean plants as well as time-resolved(3D+time)growth studies of cassava plants,RootForce produces similar(and much faster)results compared to manual segmentation of the regarded root architectures.Furthermore,RootForce enables the user to obtain traits not possible to be calculated before,such as total root volume(Vroot),total root length(Lroot),root volume over depth,root growth angles(θmin,θmean,andθmax),root surrounding soil density Dsoil,or form fraction F.Discussion.The proposed RootForce tool can provide a higher efficiency for the semiautomatic high-throughput assessment of the root architectures of different types of plants from large-scale CTX.Furthermore,for all datasets within a growth experiment,only a single set of parameters is needed.Thus,the proposed tool can be used for a wide range of growth experiments in the field of plant phenotyping. | Stefan Gerth Joelle Claußen Anja Eggert Norbert Wörlein Michael Waininger Thomas Wittenberg Norman Uhlmann | 2021 | Plant Phenomics2021，3，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Heavy metal species,mobility and availability in soils显示文摘 | Brümmer G W Gerth J Herms U | 2007 | Zeitschrift für Pflanzenern hrung und Bodenkunde2007，149，4： | 1 |
| 3 | Heavy metals species,mobility and availability in soils显示文摘 | Brummer G W Gerth J Herms U | 1986 | Zeitschriftfür Pflanzen-ernhrung und Bodenkunde1986，149，： | 1 |
| 4 | Patient satisfaction with rizatriptan versus other tfiptans: direct head-to-head comparisons显示文摘 | Gerth W C McCarroll K A Santanello N C | 2001 | Int J Clin Pract2001，55，8： | 1 |
| 5 | Computer aided tolerance analysis for improved process control显示文摘 | GERTH R J HANCOCK W M | 2000 | Computers & Industrial Engineering2000，38，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Evalua- tion of clinical and immunological responses : a 2-year fol- low-up study in children with allergic rhinitis due to house dust mite 显示文摘 | Moed H Gerth van Wijk R Hendriks R W et at | 2013 | Mediators Inflamm2013，2013，34： | 1 |
| 7 | Retention of Ni, Zn and Cd by Si - associated goethite显示文摘 | Brummer G W Tiller K W | 1993 | Z Pflanzen Boderk1993，156，： | 1 |
| 8 | Analytic path planning 'algorithms fur bi- pedal robots without a trunk显示文摘 | ALBERT A GERTH W | 2003 | Journal of lnlelligent and Robotic Systems2003，36，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Heavy metal species, mobility, and availability in soils 显示文摘 | Brtlmmer G W Gerth J Herms U | 1986 | Zeitschrift flir Pflanzenernahmng und Bodenkunde1986，149，： | 1 |
| 10 | Heavy metal species, mobility and availability in soils 显示文摘 | Bruemmer G W Gerth J Herms U | 1986 | Z Pflanzenernaehr Bodenkd1986，149，： | 1 |
| 11 | Distinctness of reaction显示文摘 | Albert A Wolter B Gerth W | 2003 | Automatisierungstechnik2003，51，10： | 1 |
| 12 | Saframycin Mx1,a new natural saframycin isolated from a myxobacterium(Myxococcus xanthus)显示文摘 | Irschik H Trowitzsch-kienast W Gerth K | 1988 | J Antibiot (Tokyo)1988，41，8： | 1 |
| 13 | Heavy metal species, mobility, and availability in soils显示文摘 | Brummer G W Gerth J Herms U | 1986 | Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenernahrung und Bodenkunde1986，149，： | 1 |
| 14 | Probabilistic balance monitoring for bipedal robots 显示文摘 | Hohn O Gerth W | 2009 | Imernational Journal of Robotics Research2009，28，2： | 1 |
| 15 | The cost and cardioprotective effects of enalapril in hypertensive patients with left ventricular dysfunction显示文摘 | Cook JR Glick HA Gerth W | 1998 | Am J Hypertens1998，12，： | 1 |
| 16 | Effect of sampling different habitat types in regional macroinvertebrate bioassessment surveys 显示文摘 | Gerth W J Herlihy A T | 2006 | Journal of the North American Benthological Society2006，25，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Improving partial order reductions for universal branching time properties 显示文摘 | Penczek W Szreter M Gerth R | 2000 | Funda- menta Informaticae2000，43，14： | 1 |
| 18 | Magnon contributions to low-temperature thermal conductivity of amorphous ferromagnets 显示文摘 | Gerth S W Franz B Gmnwet-H W | 1991 | J Magn Mater1991，101，13： | 1 |
| 19 | Magnon contributions to low-temperature thermal conductivity of amorphous ferromagnets显示文摘 | GERTH S W FRANZ B GRONERT H W | 1991 | J Magn Mater1991，101，13： | 1 |
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