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| 1 | Towards 6G wireless communication networks:vision,enabling technologies,and new paradigm shifts显示文摘The fifth generation(5G)wireless communication networks are being deployed worldwide from 2020 and more capabilities are in the process of being standardized,such as mass connectivity,ultra-reliability,and guaranteed low latency.However,5G will not meet all requirements of the future in 2030 and beyond,and sixth generation(6G)wireless communication networks are expected to provide global coverage,enhanced spectral/energy/cost efficiency,better intelligence level and security,etc.To meet these requirements,6G networks will rely on new enabling technologies,i.e.,air interface and transmission technologies and novel network architecture,such as waveform design,multiple access,channel coding schemes,multi-antenna technologies,network slicing,cell-free architecture,and cloud/fog/edge computing.Our vision on 6G is that it will have four new paradigm shifts.First,to satisfy the requirement of global coverage,6G will not be limited to terrestrial communication networks,which will need to be complemented with non-terrestrial networks such as satellite and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)communication networks,thus achieving a space-airground-sea integrated communication network.Second,all spectra will be fully explored to further increase data rates and connection density,including the sub-6GHz,millimeter wave(mmWave),terahertz(THz),and optical frequency bands.Third,facing the big datasets generated by the use of extremely heterogeneous networks,diverse communication scenarios,large numbers of antennas,wide bandwidths,and new service requirements,6G networks will enable a new range of smart applications with the aid of artificial intelligence(AI)and big data technologies.Fourth,network security will have to be strengthened when developing 6G networks.This article provides a comprehensive survey of recent advances and future trends in these four aspects.Clearly,6G with additional technical requirements beyond those of 5G will enable faster and further communications to the extent that the boundary between physical and cyber worlds disappears. | Xiaohu YOU Cheng-Xiang WANG Jie HUANG Xiqi GAO Zaichen ZHANG Mao WANG Yongming HUANG Chuan ZHANG Yanxiang JIANG Jiaheng WANG Min ZHU Bin SHENG Dongming WANG Zhiwen PAN Pengcheng ZHU Yang YANG Zening LIU Ping ZHANG Xiaofeng TAO Shaoqian LI Zhi CHEN Xinying MA Chih-Lin I Shuangfeng HAN Ke LI Chengkang PAN Zhimin ZHENG Lajos HANZO Xuemin(Sherman)SHEN Yingjie Jay GUO Zhiguo DING Harald HAAS Wen TONG Peiying ZHU Ganghua YANG Jun WANG Erik GLARSSON Hien Quoc NGO Wei HONG Haiming WANG Debin HOU Jixin CHEN Zhe CHEN Zhangcheng HAO Geoffrey Ye LI Rahim TAFAZOLLI Yue GAO HVincent POOR Gerhard P.FETTWEIS Ying-Chang LIANG | 2021 | Science China(Information Sciences)2021，64，1： | 122 |
| 2 | 西藏纳木错水深分布及现代湖沼学特征初步分析显示文摘2005-2007年对西藏最大的湖泊——纳木错进行了三次综合考察,获得了大量的基础数据和研究材料.本文简要报道纳木错水深测量及其现代湖沼学特征的初步结果等深线图显示纳木错是一个高海拔的深水湖,湖盆中部是一个水深超过90m底部较为平坦的盆地.考察中发现湖泊西北部出现了两个小岛,而1970s考察时仍为半岛,因而水深数据提供了近30年来纳木错湖面上升的有力证据.现场水质测量在16个站点进行,覆盖了除东部湖区以外的大部分湖面范围,结果显示表层水的温度、pH、溶解氧、电导率和环境光的平均值分别为11 63℃、9.13、7 93mg/L、1839μS/cm、2582μmol/(s·m^2).根据湖水特征的垂直变化,较深水域的湖水显示了明显的分层特征:上层湖水从表层到约18-20m,水质参数均一,温度较高,光照充足;中间层范围约为20-60m,是一个明显的温跃层;底层水性质也很稳定,水温很低几乎没有光线到达,形成了寒冷黑暗的深水区. | 王君波 朱立平 Gerhard Daut 鞠建廷 林晓 汪勇 甄晓林 | 2009 | 湖泊科学2009，21，1： | 29 |
| 3 | Development of early gastric cancer 4 and 5 years after complete remission of Helicobacter pyloriassociated gastric low-grade marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type显示文摘AIM To report 3 of 120 patients on the German MALT lymphoma trial with H. pYlori-associated gastric MALT Iymphoma who developed early gastric cancer 4 and 5 years, after complete Iymphoma remission following cure of H. pylori infection.PATIENTS AND RESULTS Three patients (two men, 74 and 70 years; one women, 77 years)with H. pylori -associated low-grade MALTlymphoma achieved complete lymphoma remission after being cured. Surveillance endoscopies were performed twice a year in accordance to the protocol. Four years aftercomplete lymphoma remission in two patients,and after 5 years in the other, early gastric adenocarcinoma of the mucosa-type, type Ⅱ a and type Ⅱ c, respectively, was detetcted,which were completely removed by endoscopic mucosa resection. in one patient, the gastric cancer was diagnosed at the same location as the previous. MALT lymphoma, in the other patients it was detected at different sites of the stomach distant from location of the previous MALT lymphoma. The patients were H. pylori negative during the whole follow-up time.CONCLUSION These findings strengthen the importance of regular long-term follow-up endoscopies in patients with complete remission of gastric MALT lymphoma after cure of H.pylori infection. Furthermore, gastric adenocarcinoma may develop despite eradication of H. pylori. | Andrea Morgner Stephan Miehlke Manfred Stolte Andreas Neubauer Birgit Alpen Christian Thiede Hermann Klann Franz-Xaver Hierlmeier Christian Ell Gerhard Ehninger Ekkehard Bayerdorffer | 2001 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2001，7，2： | 28 |
| 4 | 狭义小奥德蘑属(膨瑚菌科,蘑菇目)的一个新系统(英文)显示文摘本文对狭义小奥德蘑属Oudemansiella s.str.的概念做了修订,在修订后的属中,狭义干蘑属Xerula s.str.的物种不纳入其中。在狭义小奥德蘑属下,提出了一个包含4个组O.sect.Oudemansiella、Mucidula、Dactylosporina和Radicatae的新系统。小奥德蘑组sect.Oudemansiella包括热带至南温带的一些物种,如新热带小奥德蘑O.platensis、澳洲小奥德蘑O.australis、旧热带小奥德蘑O.canarii和宽褶小奥德蘑O.crassifolia,这些物种的菌盖表皮为粘栅栏型,由菌丝组成,但其中常夹杂有链状排列的膨大细胞。粘蘑组sect.Mucidula包含北半球温带至亚热带的一些物种,如粘小奥德蘑O.mucida、网褶小奥德蘑O.venosolamellata和近粘小奥德蘑O.submucida,其菌盖表皮为粘子实层-栅栏型,由近棒状的顶端膨大细胞组成。小奥德蘑组和粘蘑组的物种,在外形和小生境上有相似之处,其担子果皆生于地表外的腐木上,菌柄上有或无菌环。刺孢组sect.Dactylosporina包含中南美洲那些孢子表面有指状凸起的物种。长根组sect.Radicatae由长根小奥德蘑O.radicata及其近缘种为代表,是该属中最大的组,包括该属其他三组之外的所有种。北美的O.americana、欧洲的O.caussei和东亚的O.hongoi曾被置于小奥德蘑属中的白毛组O.sect.Albotomentosae或干蘑属的亮毛组X.sect.Hyalosetae,在本系统中它们没有纳入小奥德蘑属,因为它们可能代表一个单独的属。本文还提出了1新等级、32个新组合和1个新名称。 | 杨祝良 张丽芳 Gregory M.MUELLER Gerhard W.KOST Karl-Heinz REXER | 2009 | 菌物学报2009，28，1： | 21 |
| 5 | 人类巨细胞病毒感染的母婴传播、诊断与治疗显示文摘 | Gerhard Jahn 朱启镕 徐锦 | 2008 | 中国循证儿科杂志2008，3，1： | 20 |
| 6 | 岩石样品中低含量铂族元素和锇同位素比值的高精度测量方法显示文摘铂族元素 (Os,Ir,Pt,Ru,Rh,Pd)具有强亲铁性和强亲铜性 ,为一组地球化学性质相近的相容元素。铂族元素包含两个同位素衰变体系 (1 90 Pt- 1 86Os和 1 87Re- 1 87Os)。近年来 ,铂族元素和 Re- Os同位素在研究各类不同地质作用过程中 ,尤其是在地幔岩石的研究中 ,作用独特 ,效果显著。由于地幔岩石的铂族元素含量较低 ,因此高精度、高灵敏度的分析测试方法的研究就显得十分重要。以往的分析方法 (如常规的 ICP- MS和中子活化分析方法 ) ,对含 10 - 9~ 10 - 1 2 级低含量铂族元素的岩石样品分析精度一般较差 (>15 %~ 10 0 % )。所采用的分析流程通常也无法同时获得样品的铂族元素含量和 Os同位素比值。本文采用新的熔样方法 (HPA- S高温高压釜酸溶法 ) ,新的化学流程 (溶剂萃取和阴离子交换树脂柱 )和新的分析仪器 (多接收等离子体质谱 MC- ICPMS和负离子热电离质谱 N- TIMS) ,用同位素稀释法对低含量地幔橄榄岩样品同时测定铂族元素含量和Os同位素比值 ,获得了高精度的分析结果。对所分析的地幔橄榄岩样品中的铂族元素分配曲线和 Os同位素组成的地质意义进行了初步探讨。 | 杨竞红 蒋少涌 Gerhard BRUGMANN | 2001 | 岩石学报2001，17，2： | 19 |
| 7 | 针刺与艾灸对气虚证心率变异性的不同影响:随机对照研究显示文摘目的:观察针刺与艾灸对气虚证患者症状的改善作用及对心率变异性指标的不同影响。方法:招募30例气虚证患者及15例健康受试者,将30例气虚证患者随机分为针刺组和艾灸组,每组15例;15例健康受试者作为健康对照组。针刺组与健康对照组接受针刺治疗,艾灸组接受艾灸治疗,所取穴位均为关元和足三里,隔日治疗1次,共10次。在患者治疗前、治疗4次及治疗结束后进行气虚证症状量化评分并检测受试者心率变异性。比较气虚证症状量化评分与心率变异性指标的相关性,比较治疗前、治疗4次及治疗结束后3组受试者心率变异性指标的变化。结果:针刺组与艾灸组气虚证症状量化评分在第4次治疗后和治疗结束后均较治疗前下降(均P<0.05),治疗结束后艾灸组气虚证评分低于针刺组(P<0.05);气虚证患者的心率变异性指标比健康对照组更低(均P<0.05),且相关系数更高;治疗结束后,艾灸组的平均心率较治疗前下降(P<0.05),心率变异性总功率、低频均较治疗前上升(均P<0.05),健康对照组平均心率较治疗前上升(P<0.05);针刺组各指标与治疗前比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论:心率变异性总功率能一定程度上反映气虚证的严重程度,针刺与艾灸均能改善患者的气虚症状,艾灸作用更明显,原因可能与艾灸能够持续性地提高自主神经系统活性有关。 | 舒晴 孙丹红 王华 梁凤霞 Gerhard Litscher Daniela Litscher Ingrid Gaischek 陈丽 何文娟 王雅媛 | 2017 | 中国针灸2017，37，1： | 19 |
| 8 | Intraductal endoscopic radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of hilar non-resectable malignant bile duct obstruction显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the safety and technical success of endoscopic radiofrequency ablation(RFA) for palliative treatment of malignant hilar bile duct obstruction. METHODS: In this study, a recently CE and FDA-approved endoscopic RFA catheter was first tested in an ex vivo pig liver model to study the effect of electrosurgical variables on the extent of the area of induced necrosis. Subsequently, a retrospective analysis was conducted of all patients treated with endoscopic RFA for malignant biliary obstruction at our center between February 2012 and April 2013. All patients received an additional plastic stent implantation into the biliary tree following RFA. RESULTS: In the pig model, ablation time of 60-90 seconds using the bipolar soft coagulation mode at 8-10 watts with an effect of 8 was found to be the most feasible setting. Twelve patients(5 females, 7 males; mean age, 70 years) underwent 19 endoscopic RFA(range, 1-5) sessions. Deployment of RFA was successful in all patients. Systemic chemotherapy was administered in four patients. We observed biliary bleeding 4-6 wk after the intervention in three cases and two of these patients died: in one patient, spontaneous hemobilia occurred, whereas bleeding started during stent extraction in the other. In the third patient, bleeding was stopped by insertion of a non-covered self-expanding metal stent. Another three patients developed cholangitis during follow-up. Seven patients died during follow-up and median survival was 6.4 mo(95%CI: 0.05-12.7) from the time of the first RFA. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic RFA is an easy to perform and technically highly successful procedure. However, hemobilia possibly associated with RFA occurred in three of our patients. Therefore, larger prospective studies are needed to further evaluate the safety and efficacy of this promising new method. | Andrea Oliver Tal Johannes Vermehren Mireen FriedrichRust Jrg Bojunga Christoph Sarrazin Stefan Zeuzem Jrg Trojan Jrg Gerhard Albert | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2014，6，1： | 18 |
| 9 | Age-related changes in seminal polymorphonuclear elastase in men with asymptomatic inflammation of the genital tract显示文摘瞄准:在男生殖道调查年龄相关的煽动性的事件。方法:总共 4 265 随机收集了出席的中心的 andrologicaloutpatient 诊所的病人皮肤学和 Andrology , Giessen 的大学,德国,精液体积,pH值,精子集中,总数和进步精子活动性, polymorphonuclear ( PMN )的集中弹性硬蛋白酶,peroxidase积极的房间和fructose 的数字被测量并且与病人的年龄相关。结果:当精液体积,活动性和 fructose 都与年龄否定地相关时,精子集中, PMN 弹性硬蛋白酶和 pH 值显示出积极关联。男生殖道发炎的流行(是由 PMN 弹性硬蛋白酶 >
250ng/mL 定义) 并且它的严厉显著地增加了。PMN 弹性硬蛋白酶没与精子活动性相关。尽管精囊功能的一个标记与 PMN 弹性硬蛋白酶层次 Fructose, peroxidase 积极的房间的数字和精子活动性显示出一种重要否定关系。结论:PMN 弹性硬蛋白酶层次的 Thesignificant 增加作为在老人的男生殖道发炎的标记看起来在本地免疫的年龄相关的变化指示规章的机制。Becausethere 不是有精子活动性的 PMN 弹性硬蛋白酶的协会,这酶的直接禁止的效果能被排除。 | Raft Henkel Gesa Maaβ Andreas Jung Gerhard Haidl Wolf-Bernhard Schill Hans-Christian Schuppe | 2007 | Asian Journal of Andrology2007，9，3： | 16 |
| 10 | 职业学校模拟公司教学中的典型问题辨析显示文摘模拟公司通过创造模拟的企业情境聚焦于职业性的认知脚本,为激发学生形成职业角色意识提供支撑条件,为概念的形成与理解提供更为直观的经验基础。然而,模拟公司作为对劳动世界的虚拟与简化,承载着教育教学目的,因而在目的、情境、知识类型等方面都与劳动世界有着质的区别。鉴于此,模拟学习中要重视学习任务的设计与处理,从学生自主建模和总结等角度讨论深化模拟学习质量的必要与可能。 | 郑建萍 Gerhard Gerdsmeier | 2011 | 职业技术教育2011，32，1： | 15 |
| 11 | Budesonide induces complete remission in autoimmune hepatitis显示文摘瞄准:泼尼松和 azathioprine 为自体免疫的肝炎(AIH ) 代表标准疗法。然而,仅仅, 65% 病人进入完全的组织学的宽恕。最近, budesonide (芽) 被报导是一种有希望的选择。在这研究,我们在 AIH 估计了芽的功效和安全。方法:十八个病人(12 个女人, 6 个男人;吝啬的年龄 45.4+/-21 年) 与芽(Budenofalk ) 与 AIH 被对待在上面三次每日、跟随的 3 mg 为至少 24 wk.Seven,病人们也有主要胆汁性肝硬变(n=5 ) 或主要致硬化的胆管炎(n=2 ) 的特征。先进的肝纤维变性或肝硬化在 6 个病人是在场的。结果:十五(83%) 病人们有完全的临床、生物化学的宽恕。十个病人,与尖锐肝炎包括五,作为首要的治疗被给芽,哪个七进入宽恕。三个病人,二与肝肝硬化,没改善。有第二线的治疗的所有病人经历了长期的宽恕。组织学的宽恕也在三个病人被看见。临床上相关的导致芽的副作用与肝肝硬化(n=4 ) 仅仅在病人被记录。结论:芽在在我们有 AIH.Side 效果的病人的多数的宽恕正式就职是有效的,治疗失败主要与肝肝硬化在病人被观察。 | Antal Csepregi Christoph R(o|¨)cken Gerhard Treiber Peter Malfertheiner | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，9： | 14 |
| 12 | Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure:Technical aspects and prevention of periprocedural complications with the watchman device显示文摘Transcatheter closure of the left atrial appendage has been developed as an alternative to chronic oral anticoagulation for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation, and as a primary therapy for patients with contraindications to chronic oral anticoagulation. The promise of this new intervention compared with warfarin has been supported by several, small studies and two pivotal randomized trial with the Watchman Device. The results regarding risk reduction for stroke have been favourable although acute complications were not infrequent. Procedural complications, which are mainly related to transseptal puncture and device implantation, include air embolism, pericardial effusions/tamponade and device embolization. Knowledge of nature, management and prevention of complications should minimize the risk of complications and allow transcatheter left atrial appendage closure to emerge as a therapeutic option for patients with atrial fibrillation at risk for cardioembolic stroke. | Sven M bius-Winkler Nicolas Majunke Marcus Sandri Norman Mangner Axel Linke Gregg W Stone Ingo D hnert Gerhard Schuler Peter B Sick | 2015 | World Journal of Cardiology2015，7，2： | 14 |
| 13 | 区域气候模式REMO对东亚季风季节变化的模拟研究显示文摘将欧洲区域气候模式REMO首次应用于东亚区域, 利用该模式对 1980 年和 1990 年东亚季风季节变化进行了模拟研究, 并将模拟结果与NCEP再分析资料进行比较, 以检验该模式对东亚季风的模拟能力。研究表明, 区域气候模式REMO能够较好地模拟出东亚地区高、低空的大气环流特征, 模拟的高度场、流场和温度场与NCEP再分析资料场都比较一致。模拟结果显示了东亚季风的月变化和季节转换特征。模拟的降水场与GPCC降水资料的对比结果表明, REMO能较为成功地模拟出东亚地区降水的空间分布, 并能较好地反映降水的季节变化及主要降水趋势, 夏季降水模拟偏大, 整个区域平均的降水量偏差约为18%左右。 | 张英娟 高会旺 Gerhard LAMMEL | 2005 | 气候与环境研究2005，10，1： | 12 |
| 14 | 改善梳理的新技术显示文摘梳棉机性能改进为纺纱厂提供了更大的生产潜力。对梳理过程的分析促使了针布和盖板的改进并由此改善了生条质量以及落棉的数量和种类。借助特殊的软件优化梳理针布和运转条件,可生产和提供理想的针布。 | Gerhard Mandl 江慧 | 2005 | 国际纺织导报2005，33，4： | 12 |
| 15 | Transforming growth factor-β1 induces intestinal myofibroblast differentiation and modulates their migration显示文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of transforming growth factorβ1(TGF-β1)on the differentiation of colonic lamina propria fibroblasts(CLPF)into myofibroblasts in vitro. METHODS:Primary CLPF cultures were incubated with TGF-β1 and analyzed for production ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),fibronectin(FN)and FN isoforms.Migration assays were performed in a modified 48-well Boyden chamber.Levels of total and phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase(FAK)in CLPF were analyzed after induction of migration.RESULTS:Incubation of CLPF with TGF-β1 for 2 d did not changeα-SMA levels,while TGF-β1 treatment for 6 d significantly increasedα-SMA production. Short term incubation(6 h)with TGF-β1 enhanced CLPF migration,while long term treatment(6 d)of CLPF with TGF-β1 reduced migration to 15%-37% compared to untreated cells.FN and FN isoform mRNA expression were increased after short term incubation with TGF-β1(2 d)in contrast to long term incubation with TGF-β1 for 6 d.After induction of migration, TGF-β1-preincubated CLPF showed higher amounts of FN and its isoforms and lower levels of total and phosphorylated FAK than untreated cells. CONCLUSION:Long term incubation of CLPF with TGF-β1 induced differentiation into myofibroblasts with enhancedα-SMA,reduced migratory potential and FAK phosphorylation,and increased FN production.In contrast,short term contact(6 h)of fibroblasts with TGF-β1 induced a dose-dependent increase of cell migration and FAK phosphorylation without induction ofα-SMA production. | Julia Brenmoehl Sandra Nicole Miller Claudia Hofmann Daniela Vogl Werner Falk Jrgen Schlmerich Gerhard Rogler | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，12： | 12 |
| 16 | 1770年以来青藏高原错鄂地区古气候定量恢复显示文摘通过对1999年所采错鄂CE 1孔自生碳酸盐碳、氧同位素与1955—1999年器测温度降水资料的统计分析,获取了自生碳酸盐碳、氧同位素与气候要素的定量关系,并据此恢复了1770年以来该地区的古气候。结果表明,错鄂沉积物中自生方解石氧同位素与气温显示出较好的正相关性,而与降水相关性不明显;碳同位素刚好相反,它与降水负相关,而与气温相关性不显著。1770年以来,错鄂地区在20世纪初气候环境发生了根本的改变,1900年以前降水偏少,为沼泽环境,1900年后降水增加,湖泊发育;1900年前后气温开始上升,30年代后期气温达到峰值,50年代初气温稍有下降。1935—1999年平均气温较前一百多年升高了近1℃。所获结果有较好的区域对比性。 | 吴艳宏 王苏民 夏威岚 李世杰 Gerhard H Schleser Andreas Luecke | 2003 | 海洋地质与第四纪地质2003，23，4： | 12 |
| 17 | HIGH TEMPERATURE DISPLACEMENT SENSOR显示文摘A high temperature displacement sensor based on the principle of eddy-current is investigated. A new temperature compensation technique by using eddy-current effect is presented to satisfy the special requirement at high temperature up to 550℃. The experiment shows that the temperature compensation technique leads to good temperature stability for the sensors. The variation of the sensitivity as well as the temperature drift of the sensor with temperature compensation technique is only about 7.4% and 90~350 mV at 550℃ compared with that at room temperature, and that of the sensor without temperature compensation technique is about 31.2% and 2~3 V at 550℃ compared with that at room temperature. A new dynamic calibration method for the eddy-current displacement sensor is presented, which is very easy to be realized especially in high frequency and at high temperatures. The high temperature displacement sensors developed are successfully used at temperature up to 550℃ in a magnetic bearing system for more than 100 h. | Xu Longxiang Zhang Jinyu Schweitzer Gerhard | 2005 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2005，18，3： | 11 |
| 18 | Exogenous sphingomyelinase causes impaired intestinal epithelial barrier function显示文摘AIM: To test the hypothesis that hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to ceramide changes the composition of tight junctions (TJs) with increasing permeability of the intestinal epithelium. METHODS: Monolayers of Caco-2 cells were used as an in vitro model for the intestinal barrier. Permeability was determined by quantifi cation of transepithelialflux and transepithelial resistance. Sphingolipid-rich membrane microdomains were isolated by a discontinuous sucrose gradient and characterized by Western-blot. Lipid content of microdomains was analysed by tandem mass spectrometry. Ceramide was subcellularly localized by immunofluorescent staining.RESULTS: Exogenous sphingomyelinase increased transepithelial permeability and decreased transepithelial resistance at concentrations as low as 0.01 U/mL. Lipid analysis showed rapid accumulation of ceramide in the membrane fractions containing occludin and claudin-4, representing TJs. In these fractions we observed a concomitant decrease of sphingomyelin and cholesterol with increasing concentrations of ceramide. Immunofluorescent staining confirmed clustering of ceramide at the sites of cell-cell contacts. Neutralization of surface ceramide prevented the permeability-increase induced by platelet activating factor. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that changes in lipid composition of TJs impair epithelial barrier functions. Generation of ceramide by sphingomyelinases might contribute to disturbed barrier function seen in diseases such as inflammatory, infectious, toxic or radiogenic bowel disease. | Jürgen Bock Gerhard Liebisch Joachim Schweimer Gerd Schmitz Gerhard Rogler | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，39： | 11 |
| 19 | The second European evidence-based Consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn’s disease: Definitions and diagnosis显示文摘 | Gert Van Assche Axel Dignass Julian Panes Laurent Beaugerie John Karagiannis Mathieu Allez Thomas Ochsenkühn Tim Orchard Gerhard Rogler Edouard Louis Limas Kupcinskas Gerassimos Mantzaris Simon Travis Eduard Stange | 2009 | Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis2009，，1： | 10 |
| 20 | Breath and string test: A diagnostic package for the identification of treatment failure and antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori without the necessity of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy显示文摘AIM: Helicobacter pylori ( H pylofi) resistance after failed eradication has a major impact on the outcome of a further treatment regimen. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of a non-invasive strategy using the 13C-urea breath test (UBT) and the gastric string test in identifying post-treatment resistance of Hpylori.METHODS: The UBT was routinely performed 4 to 6 wk after H pylorieradication therapy. Forty-two patients (24 females, 18 males, mean age 48 years) with a positive UBT were included in the study. A gastric string test using a capsule containing a 90 cm-long nylon fiber was performed.Before the capsule was swallowed, the free end of the string was taped to the cheek. After one hour in the stomach, the string was withdrawn. The distal 20 cm of the string was inoculated onto an agar plate and processed under microaerophilic conditions. Following the string test, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed to obtain gastric biopsies for conventional culture.RESULTS: H pyloriwas successfully cultured from the gastric string in 34 patients (81%), but not in 5 patients due to contamination with oropharyngeal flora. Hpyloriwas cultured from the gastric biopsies obtained at endoscopy in 39 patients (93%).CONCLUSION: The UBT followed by the gastric string test in the case of treatment failure is a valid diagnostic strategy with the aim of determining the post-therapeutic antibiotic resistance of Hpyloriwith little inconvenience to the patient.Upper GI-endoscopy can be avoided in several cases by applying consequently this diagnostic package. | Andreas Leodolter Kathlen Wolle Ulrike von Arnim Stefan Kahl Gerhard Treiber Matthias P.Ebert Ulrich Peitz Peter Malfertheiner | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，4： | 10 |
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