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| 1 | COVID-19 pandemic:Pathophysiology and manifestations from the gastrointestinal tract显示文摘The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by a newly identifiedβ-coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2)has emerged as a dire health problem,causing a massive crisis for global health.Primary method of transmission was firstly thought to be animal to human transmission.However,it has been observed that the virus is transmitted from human to human via respiratory droplets.Interestingly,SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid(RNA)has been isolated from patient stools,suggesting a possible gastrointestinal(GI)involvement.Most commonly reported clinical manifestations are fever,fatigue and dry cough.Interestingly,a small percentage of patients experience GI symptoms with the most common being anorexia,diarrhea,nausea and vomiting.The presence of viral RNA in stools is also common and fecal tests can be positive even after negative respiratory samples.The exact incidence of digestive symptoms is a matter of debate.The distribution of Angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 receptors in multiple organs in the body provides a possible explanation for the digestive symptoms’mechanism.Cases with solely GI symptoms have been reported in both adults and children.Viral RNA has also been detected in stool and blood samples,indicating the possibility of liver damage,which has been reported in COVID-19 patients.The presence of chronic liver disease appears to be a risk factor for severe complications and a poorer prognosis,however data from these cases is lacking.The aim of this review is firstly,to briefly update what is known about the origin and the transmission of SARS-CoV-2,but mainly to focus on the manifestations of the GI tract and their pathophysiological background,so that physicians on the one hand,not to underestimate or disregard digestive symptoms due to the small number of patients exhibiting exclusively this symptomatology and on the other,to have SARS-CoV-2 on their mind when the“gastroenteritis”type symptoms predominate. | Michail Galanopoulos Filippos Gkeros Aris Doukatas Grigorios Karianakis Christos Pontas Nikolaos Tsoukalas Nikos Viazis Christos Liatsos Gerassimos J Mantzaris | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，31： | 7 |
| 2 | Helicobacter pylori,gastric microbiota and gastric cancer relationship:Unrolling the tangle显示文摘Helicobacter pylori infection(Hp-I)represents a typical microbial agent intervening in the complex mechanisms of gastric homeostasis by disturbing the balance between the host gastric microbiota and mucosa-related factors,leading to inflammatory changes,dysbiosis and eventually gastric cancer.The normal gastric microbiota shows diversity,with Proteobacteria[Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)belongs to this family],Firmicutes,Actinobacteria,Bacteroides and Fusobacteria being the most abundant phyla.Most studies indicate that H.pylori has inhibitory effects on the colonization of other bacteria,harboring a lower diversity of them in the stomach.When comparing the healthy with the diseased stomach,there is a change in the composition of the gastric microbiome with increasing abundance of H.pylori(where present)in the gastritis stage,while as the gastric carcinogenesis cascade progresses to gastric cancer,the oral and intestinal-type pathogenic microbial strains predominate.Hp-I creates a premalignant environment of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia and the subsequent alteration in gastric microbiota seems to play a crucial role in gastric tumorigenesis itself.Successful H.pylori eradication is suggested to restore gastric microbiota,at least in primary stages.It is more than clear that Hp-I,gastric microbiota and gastric cancer constitute a challenging tangle and the strong interaction between them makes it difficult to unroll.Future studies are considered of crucial importance to test the complex interaction on the modulation of the gastric microbiota by H.pylori as well as on the relationships between the gastric microbiota and gastric carcinogenesis. | Christos Liatsos Apostolis Papaefthymiou Nikolaos Kyriakos Michail Galanopoulos Michael Doulberis Marios Giakoumis Evangelia Petridou Christos Mavrogiannis Theodore Rokkas Jannis Kountouras | 2022 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2022，14，5： | 6 |
| 3 | Rectal neuroendocrine tumor with uncommon metastatic spread:A case report and review of literature显示文摘Neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract are rare neoplasms. Rectal neuroendocrine tumors consist approximately the 5%-14% of all neuroendocrine neoplasms in Europe. These tumors are diagnosed in relatively young patients,with a mean age at diagnosis of 56 years. Distant metastases from rectal neuroendocrine tumors are not very common. Herein we describe a case of a rectal neuroendocrine tumor which metastasized to the lung,mediastinum and orbit. This case underscores the importance of early identification and optimal management to improve patient's prognosis. Therefore,the clinical significance of this case is the necessity of physicians' awareness and education regarding neuroendocrine tumors' diagnosis and management. | Nikolaos Tsoukalas Michail Galanopoulos Maria Tolia Maria Kiakou Georgios Nakos Aristoula Papakostidi Georgios Koumakis | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2016，8，2： | 3 |
| 4 | Origin and genomic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and its interaction with angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 receptors, focusing on the gastrointestinal tract显示文摘The emergence of coronavirus disease-2019 induced by a newly identified bcoronavirus, namely severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARSCoV-2) has constituted a public health emergency. Even though it was considered a zoonotic disease, the virus has also spread among humans via respiratory secretions. The expression and distribution of angiotensin converting enzyme type 2(ACE2) in various human organs might also show other possible infection routes. High ACE2 ribonucleic acid expression has been identified in the gastrointestinal tract(GI) indicating its importance as a possible infection pathway of SARS-CoV-2. ACE2 induces viral entry into the host and most importantly has been found to be associated with the function of the gut. Its deficiency has been implicated in several pathologies such as colorectal inflammation. The renin-angiotensin system(RAS) is an essential regulatory cascade operating both at a local tissue level and at the systemic or circulatory level. The RAS may be important in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease and is associated with the up-regulation of ACE2. Thus, the aim of this review is firstly, the analysis of some important general and genome characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and secondly, and most importantly, to focus on the utility of ACE2 receptors in both SARS-CoV-2 replication and pathogenesis, especially in the GI tract. | Michail Galanopoulos Aris Doukatas Maria Gazouli | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，41： | 3 |
| 5 | Abnormal DNA methylation as a cell-free circulating DNA biomarker for colorectal cancer detection:A review of literature显示文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in the world. CRC-associated morbidity and mortality is continuously increasing, in part due to a lack of early detection. The existing screening tools such as colonoscopy, are invasive and yet high cost, affecting the willingness of patients to participate in screening programs. In recent years, evidence is accumulating that the interaction of aberrant genetic and epigenetic modifications is the cornerstone for the CRC development and progression by alternating the function of tumor suppressor genes, DNA repair genes and oncogenes of colonic cells. Apart from the understanding of the underlying mechanism(s) of carcinogenesis, the aforementioned interaction has also allowed identification of clinical biomarkers, especially epigenetic, for the early detection and prognosis of cancer patients. One of the ways to detect these epigenetic biomarkers is the cell-free circulating DNA(circ DNA), a blood-based cancer diagnostic test, mainly focusing in the molecular alterations found in tumor cells, such as DNA mutations and DNA methylation.In this brief review, we epitomize the current knowledge on the research in circ DNA biomarkers-mainly focusing on DNA methylation-as potential blood-based tests for early detection of colorectal cancer and the challenges for validation and globally implementation of this emergent technology. | Michail Galanopoulos Nikolaos Tsoukalas Ioannis S Papanikolaou Maria Tolia Maria Gazouli Gerassimos J Mantzaris | 2017 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2017，9，4： | 2 |
| 6 | On Blog to Qplog Pullback显示文摘 | Galanopoulos P | 2008 | J Math Anal App12008，337，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Effect and safety of my-cophenolate mofetil or sodium in systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease:a meta-analysis 显示文摘 | Tzouvelekis A Galanopoulos N Bouros E | 2012 | Pulm Med2012，2012，14： | 1 |
| 8 | WIN55, 212-2 impairs non-associative recognition and spatial memory in rats via CB1 receptor stimulation 显示文摘 | Galanopoulos A Polissidis A Georgiadou G | 2014 | Pharmacel Biochem Behav2014，124，： | 1 |
| 9 | Expression of androgen and progesterone receptors in primary human meningiomas显示文摘 | MAXWELL M GALANOPOULOS T NEVILLE GOLDEN J | 1993 | Neurosurg1993，78，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Infectious complications of prosthetic arteriovenous grafts for hemodialysis: prevention is better than cure 显示文摘 | Galanopoulos G Lambidis C | 2014 | RenFail2014，36，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Expression of monocyte ebemotaetie protein-1 in human melanoma in vivo 显示文摘 | Graves DT Barnhill R Galanopoulos T | 1992 | Am J Pathol1992，140，： | 1 |
| 12 | Synthesis of inositol 2-phosphate-quercetin conjugates显示文摘 | Pericles Calias Theofanis Galanopoulos | 1996 | Carbohydrate Research1996，292，： | 1 |
| 13 | Does the CT improve inter- and intra-observer agreement for the AO, Fernandez and Universal classification systems for distal radius fractures 显示文摘 | Arealis G Galanopoulos I Nikolaou VS | 2014 | Injury2014，45，10： | 1 |
| 14 | Infectious complications of prosthetic arteriovenous grafts for hemodialysis: prevention is better than cure显示文摘 | Galanopoulos G Lambidis C | 2014 | Ren Fail2014，36，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Effect of lenalidomide therapy on hematopoiesis of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome associated with chromosome 5q deletion 显示文摘 | Ximeri M Galanopoulos A Klaus M | 2010 | Haematologica2010，95，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Effect of the expression of transforming growth factor--beta 1 in primary human glioblastomas on immunosuppression and loss of immune surveillance显示文摘 | MaxwellM Galanopoulos T Neville-- Golden J | 1992 | Neurosurg1992，76，5： | 1 |
| 17 | B2 microglobulin: is it a reliable marker of activity in inflammatory bowel disease?显示文摘 | Miltiadis Zissis Angelos Afroudakis George Galanopoulos Ioannis Palermos Xanthi Boura Spyros Michopoulos Athanasios Archimandritis | 2001 | The American Journal of Gastroenterology2001，，7： | 1 |
| 18 | Injury induces in vivo expression of platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) and PDGF receptor mRNAs in skin epithelial cells and PDGF mRNA in connective tissue fibroblasts 显示文摘 | Antoniades HN Galanopoulos T Nevill-Golden J | 1991 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1991，88，： | 1 |
| 19 | Expre- ssion ofandrogen and progesterone receptors in primary human meningiomas 显示文摘 | Maxwell M Galanopoulos T Neville-Golden J | 1993 | J Neurosurg1993，78，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome with manifesting 显示文摘 | Galanopoulos A Kritikou-Griva E Gligori J | 2001 | Leuk Res2001，25，8： | 1 |
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