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| 1 | Occult hepatitis B virus infection among Egyptian blood donors显示文摘AIM:To identify blood donors with occult hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection(OBI) to promote safe blood donation.METHODS:Descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on 3167 blood donors negative for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg),hepatitis C antibody(HCV Ab) and human immunodeficiency virus Ab.They were subjected to the detection of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate transaminase(AST) and screening for anti-HBV core antibodies(total) by two different techniques;[Monoliza antibodies to hepatitis B core(Anti-HBc) Plus-Bio-Rad] and(ARC-HBc total-ABBOT).Positive samples were subjected to quantitative detection of antibodies to hepatitis B surface(anti-HBs)(ETI-AB-AUK-3,Dia Sorin-Italy).Serum anti-HBs titers > 10 IU/L was considered positive.Quantitative HBV DNA by real time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)(QIAGEN-Germany) with 3.8 IU/mL detection limit was estimated for blood units with negative serum anti-HBs and also for 32 whose anti-HBs serum titers were > 1000 IU/L.Also,265 recipients were included,34 of whom were followed up for 3-6 mo.Recipients were investigated for ALT and AST,HBV serological markers:HBsAg(ETI-MAK-4,Dia Sorin-Italy),anti-HBc,quantitative detection of anti-HBs and HBV-DNA.RESULTS:525/3167(16.6%) of blood units were positive for total anti-HBc,64% of those were antiHBs positive.Confirmation by ARCHITECT anti-HBc assay were carried out for 498/525 anti-HBc positive samples,where 451(90.6%) confirmed positive.Reactivity for anti-HBc was considered confirmed only if two positive results were obtained for each sample,giving an overall prevalence of 451/3167(14.2%) for total anti-HBc.HBV DNA was quantified by real time PCR in 52/303(17.2%) of anti-HBc positive blood donors(viral load range:5 to 3.5 x 105 IU/mL) with a median of 200 IU/mL(mean:1.8 x 104 ± 5.1 x 104 IU/mL).AntiHBc was the only marker in 68.6% of donors.Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis for identifying risk factors associated with anti-HBc and HBV-DNA positivity among blood donors showed that age above thirty and marriage were the most significant risk factors for prediction of anti-HBc positivity with AOR 1.8(1.4-2.4) and 1.4(1.0-1.9) respectively.Other risk factors as gender,history of blood transfusion,diabetes mellitus,frequent injections,tattooing,previous surgery,hospitalization,Bilharziasis or positive family history of HBV or HCV infections were not found to be associated with positive anti-HBc antibodies.Among anti-HBc positive blood donors,age below thirty was the most significant risk factor for prediction of HBV-DNA positivity with AOR 3.8(1.8-7.9).According to HBV-DNA concentration,positive samples were divided in two groups;group one with HBV-DNA ≥ 200 IU/mL(n = 27) and group two with HBV-DNA < 200 IU/mL(n = 26).No significant difference was detected between both groups as regards mean age,gender,liver enzymes or HBV markers.Serological profiles of all followed up blood recipients showed that,all were negative for the studied HBV markers.Also,HBV DNA was not detected among studied recipients,none developed post-transfusion hepatitis(PTH) and the clinical outcome was good.CONCLUSION:OBI is prevalent among blood donors.Nucleic acid amplification/HBV anti core screening should be considered for high risk recipients to eliminate risk of unsafe blood donation. | Zeinab N Said Manal H El Sayed Iman I Salama Enas K Aboel-Magd Magda H Mahmoud Maged El Setouhy Faten Mouftah Manal B Azzab Heidi Goubran Amal Bassili Gamal E Esmat | 2013 | World Journal of Hepatology2013，5，2： | 4 |
| 2 | Synchronization and Control of Hyperchaotic Complex Lorenz System显示文摘 | GAMAL M M EMAD E M | 2010 | Mathematics and Computers in Simulation2010，80，12： | 1 |
| 3 | The three node wireless network: Achievable rates andcooperation strategies 显示文摘 | LAI L LIU K GAMAL H E | 2006 | IEEE Transactions on Information Theory2006，52，： | 1 |
| 4 | On maximum tection and the search for the closest lattice point 显示文摘 | DAMEN M O GAMAL E CAIRE G | 2003 | Information Theory2003，49，10： | 1 |
| 5 | Percutaneous video choledochoscopic treatment of retained biliary stones via dilated T-tube tract显示文摘 | GAMAL E M SZABO A SZULE E | 2001 | Surg Endosc2001，15，5： | 1 |
| 6 | Effects of lime phosphorus and addition of vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi on indigenous VA fungi and on growth of alfalfa in a moderately acidic soil显示文摘 | Kucey R M N Gamal E S D | 1984 | New phytologist1984，98，： | 1 |
| 7 | Energy efficient packet transmission over a wireless link显示文摘 | Uysal-Biyikoglu E Prabhakar B Gamal A E | 2002 | IEEE Trans Net2002，10，8： | 1 |
| 8 | Achievable tales for multiple description显示文摘 | GAMAL A E COVER T | 1982 | IEEE Trans on Information Theory1982，28，6： | 1 |
| 9 | Heterocyclizations of pregnenolone :novel synthesis of thiosemicarbazone, thiophene, thiazole, thieno pyridine derivatives and their cytotoxicity evaluations 显示文摘 | RAFAT M M WAGNAT W W GAMAL A E | 2012 | Steroids2012，77，14： | 1 |
| 10 | A unified framework for tree search decoding: rediscovering the sequential decoder显示文摘 | MURUGAN A GAMAL H E DAMEN M O | 2006 | IEEE Transactions on Information Theory2006，52，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Biological importance of marine algae显示文摘 | Gamal E Ali A | 2010 | Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal2010，18，1： | 1 |
| 12 | On the Scaling Laws of Dense Wireless Sensor Networks:The Data Gathering Channel 显示文摘 | H E Gamal | 2005 | IEEE Transactions on Information Theory2005，15，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Capacity Theorems for the Relay Channel 显示文摘 | Cover T M Gamal A A E | 1979 | IEEE Transactions on Information Theory1979，25，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Capacity theorems for the relay chan- nel显示文摘 | Cover T M Gamal A E | 1979 | lt F F Transactions on Information Theory1979，25，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Analysis of temporal noise in CMOS APS显示文摘 | FOWLER B GAMAL A E | 1999 | SPIE1999，3650，： | 1 |
| 16 | The relay-eavesdropper channel: Cooperation for secrecy显示文摘 | LAI L GAMAL H E | 2008 | IEEE Transactions on Information Theory2008，54，9： | 1 |
| 17 | Achievable rates for muhiple descrip- lions显示文摘 | GAMAL A E COVER T M | 1982 | IEEE Trans on Intormation Theory1982，57，4： | 1 |
| 18 | On the achievable diversity-vs-muhiplexing tradeoff in half-duplex cooperative channels 显示文摘 | AZARIAN K GAMAL H E SCHNITER P | 2005 | IEEE Trans on Information Theory2005，51，12： | 1 |
| 19 | Pereutaneous video choledocho- scopic treatment of retained biliary stones via dilated T-tube tract 显示文摘 | Gamal EM Szabo A Szule E | 2001 | Surg Endosc2001，15，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Effect of salinity and temperature on water cut determination in oil reservoirs显示文摘 | Mohamed A M O Gamal M E Zekri A Y | 2003 | Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering2003，，40： | 1 |
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