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| 1 | Pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease:Role of oxidative metabolism显示文摘Alcohol consumption is a predominant etiological factor in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases,resulting in fatty liver,alcoholic hepatitis,fibrosis/cirrhosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Although the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease(ALD)involves complex and still unclear biological processes,the oxidative metabolites of ethanol such as acetaldehyde and reactive oxygen species(ROS)play a preeminent role in the clinical and pathological spectrum of ALD.Ethanol oxidative metabolism influences intracellular signaling pathways and deranges the transcriptional control of several genes,leading to fat accumulation,fibrogenesis and activation of innate and adaptive immunity.Acetaldehyde is known to be toxic to the liver and alters lipid homeostasis,decreasing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and increasing sterol regulatory element binding protein activity via an AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)-dependent mechanism.AMPK activation by ROS modulates autophagy,which has an important role in removing lipid droplets.Acetaldehyde and aldehydes generated from lipid peroxidation induce collagensynthesis by their ability to form protein adducts that activate transforming-growth-factor-β-dependent and independent profibrogenic pathways in activated hepatic stellate cells(HSCs).Furthermore,activation of innate and adaptive immunity in response to ethanol metabolism plays a key role in the development and progression of ALD.Acetaldehyde alters the intestinal barrier and promote lipopolysaccharide(LPS)translocation by disrupting tight and adherent junctions in human colonic mucosa.Acetaldehyde and LPS induce Kupffer cells to release ROS and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines that contribute to neutrophils infiltration.In addition,alcohol consumption inhibits natural killer cells that are cytotoxic to HSCs and thus have an important antifibrotic function in the liver.Ethanol metabolism may also interfere with cell-mediated adaptive immunity by impairing proteasome function in macrophages and dendritic cells,and consequently alters allogenic antigen presentation.Finally,acetaldehyde and ROS have a role in alcohol-related carcinogenesis because they can form DNA adducts that are prone to mutagenesis,and they interfere with methylation,synthesis and repair of DNA,thereby increasing HCC susceptibility. | Elisabetta Ceni Tommaso Mello Andrea Galli | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，47： | 72 |
| 2 | Molecular mechanism of hepatitis B virus-induced hepatocarcinogenesis显示文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is a global public health problem with approximately 2 billion people that have been exposed to the virus. HBV is a member of a family of small, enveloped DNA viruses called hepadnaviruses, and has a preferential tropism for hepatocytes of mammals and birds. Epidemiological studies have proved a strong correlation between chronic hepatitis B virus infection and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). HCC is the fifth most common malignancy with about 700000 new cases each year, and more than 50% of them arise in HBV carriers. A large number of studies describe the way in which HBV can contribute to HCC development. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed, including the accumulation of genetic damage due to immune-mediated hepatic inflammation and the induction of oxidative stress. There is evidence of the direct effects of the viral proteins HBx and HBs on the cell biology. Integration of HBV-DNAinto the human genome is considered an early event in the carcinogenic process and can induce, through insertional mutagenesis, the alteration of gene expression and chromosomal instability. HBV has also epigenetic effects through the modification of the genomic methylation status. Furthermore, the virus plays an important role in the regulation of microRNA expression. This review will summarize the many mechanisms involved in HBV-related liver carcinogenesis. | Mirko Tarocchi Simone Polvani Giada Marroncini Andrea Galli | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，33： | 35 |
| 3 | Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors at the crossroad of obesity, diabetes, and pancreatic cancer显示文摘Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) is the fourth cause of cancer death with an overall survival of 5% at five years. The development of PDAC is characteristically associated to the accumulation of distinctive genetic mutations and is preceded by the exposure to several risk factors. Epidemiology has demonstrated that PDAC risk factors may be non-modifiable risks(sex, age, presence of genetic mutations, ethnicity) and modifiable and co-morbidity factors related to the specific habits and lifestyle. Recently it has become evident that obesity and diabetes are two important modifiable risk factors for PDAC. Obesity and diabetes are complex systemic and intertwined diseases and, over the years, experimental evidence indicate that insulin-resistance, alteration of adipokines, especially leptin and adiponectin, oxidative stress and inflammation may play a role in PDAC. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ(PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor transcription factor that is implicated in the regulation of metabolism, differentiation and inflammation. PPARγ is a key regulator of adipocytes differentiation, regulates insulin and adipokines production and secretion, may modulate inflammation, and it is implicated in PDAC. PPARγ agonists are used in the treatment of diabetes and oxidative stressassociated diseases and have been evaluated for the treatment of PDAC. PPARγ is at the cross-road of diabetes, obesity, and PDAC and it is an interesting target to pharmacologically prevent PDAC in obese and diabetic patients. | Simone Polvani Mirko Tarocchi Sara Tempesti Lapo Bencini Andrea Galli | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，8： | 17 |
| 4 | Antidiabetic thiazolidinediones induce ductal differentiation but not apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells显示文摘AIM: Thiazolidinediones (TZD) are a new class of oral antidiabetic drugs that have been shown to inhibit growth of same epithelial cancer cells. Although TZD were found to be ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), the mechanism by which TZD exert their anticancer effect is presently unclear. In this study,we analyzed the mechanism by which TZD inhibit growth of human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines in order to evaluate the potential therapeutic use of these drugs in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.METHODS: The effects of TZD in pancreatic cancer cells were assessed in anchorage-independent growth assay.Expression of PPARγ was measured by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and confirmed by Western blot analysis. PPARγ activity was evaluated by transient reporter gene assay. Flow cytometry and DNA fragmentationassay were used to determine the effect of TZD on cell cycle progression and apoptosis respectively. The effect of TZD on ductal differentiation markers was performed by Western blot.RESULTS: Exposure to TZD inhibited colony formation in a PPARγ-dependent manner. Growth inhibition was linked to G1 phase cell cycle arrest through induction of the ductal differentiation program without any increase of the apoptotic rate.CONCLUSION: TZD treatment in pancreatic cancer cells has potent inhibitory effects on growth by a PPAR-dependent induction of pacreatic ductal differentiation. | Elisabetta Ceni Tommaso Mello Mirko Tarocchi David W Crabb Anna Caldini Pietro Invernizzi Calogero Surrenti Stefano Milani Andrea Galli | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，8： | 15 |
| 5 | Nuclear receptors and pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer显示文摘Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is a devastating disease with a median overall survival time of5 mo and the five years survival less than 5%,a rate essentially unchanged over the course of the years.A well defined progression model of accumulation of genetic alterations ranging from single point mutations to gross chromosomal abnormalities has been introduced to describe the origin of this disease.However,due to the its subtle nature and concurring events PDAC cure remains elusive.Nuclear receptors(NR)are members of a large superfamily of evolutionarily conserved ligand-regulated DNA-binding transcription factors functionally involved in important cellular functions ranging from regulation of metabolism,to growth and development.Given the nature of their ligands,NR are very tempting drug targets and their pharmacological modulation has been widely exploited for the treatment of metabolic and inflammatory diseases.There are now clear evidences that both classical ligand-activated and orphan NR are involved in the pathogenesis of PDAC from its very early stages;nonetheless many aspects of their role are not fully understood.The purpose of this review is to highlight the striking connections that link peroxisome proliferator activated receptors,retinoic acid receptors,retinoid X receptor,androgen receptor,estrogen receptors and the orphan NR Nur,chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factorⅡand the liver receptor homologue-1 receptor to PDAC development,connections that could lead to the identification of novel therapies for this disease. | Simone Polvani Mirko Tarocchi Sara Tempesti Andrea Galli | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，34： | 12 |
| 6 | Chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma:The present and the future显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the most common primary tumor of the liver. Its relationship to chronic liver diseases, in particular cirrhosis, develops on a background of viral hepatitis, excessive alcohol intake or metabolic steatohepatitis, leads to a high incidence and prevalence of this neoplasia worldwide. Despite the spread of HCC, its treatment it's still a hard challenge, due to high rate of late diagnosis and to lack of therapeutic options for advanced disease. In fact radical surgery and liver transplantation, the most radical therapeutic approaches, are indicated only in case of early diagnosis. Even local therapies, such as transarterial chemoembolization, find limited indications, leading to an important problem regarding treatment of advanced disease. In this situation, until terminal HCC occurs, systemic therapy is the only possible approach, with sorafenib as the only standard treatment available. Anyway, the efficacy of this drug is limited and many efforts are necessary to understand who could benefit more with this treatment. Therefore, other molecules for a targeted therapy were evaluated, but only regorafenib showed promising results. Beside molecular target therapy, also cytotoxic drugs, in particular oxaliplatinand gemcitabine-based regimens, and immune-checkpoint inhibitors were tested with interesting results. The future of the treatment of this neoplasia is linked to our ability to understand its mechanisms of resistance and to find novel therapeutic targets, with the objective to purpose individualized approaches to patients affected by advanced HCC. | Marco Le Grazie Maria Rosa Biagini Mirko Tarocchi Simone Polvani Andrea Galli | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，21： | 11 |
| 7 | 胃的癌症的多模式的治疗显示文摘 Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of death from malignant disease worldwide.Although complete surgical resection remains the only curative modality for early stage gastric cancer,surgery alone only provides long-term survival in 20%of patients with advancedstage disease.To improve current results,it is necessary to consider multimodality treatment,including chemotherapy,radiotherapy and surgery.Recent clinical trials have shown survival benefit of combining different neoadjuvant or adjuvant protocols compared with surgery with curative intent.Furthermore,the implementation of chemotherapy with novel targeted agents could play an important role in the multimodal management of advanced gastric cancer.In this paper,we focus on a multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of gastric cancer and discuss future strategies to improve the outcome for these patients. | Ilaria Proserpio Stefano Rausei Sabrina Barzaghi Francesco Frattini Federica Galli Domenico Iovino Francesca Rovera Luigi Boni Gianlorenzo Dionigi Graziella Pinotti | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2014，6，4： | 8 |
| 8 | Endoscopicultrasonographyforsurveillanceofindividualsathighriskfor pancreaticcancer显示文摘Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease with a ge-netic susceptibility and familial aggregation found in 3%-16% of patients. Early diagnosis remains the only hope for curative treatment and improvement of prog-nosis. This can be reached by the implementation of an intensive screening program, actually recommended for individuals at high-risk for pancreatic cancer de-velopment. The aim of this strategy is to identify pre-malignant precursors or asymptomatic pancreatic can-cer lesions, curable by surgery. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with or without fine needle aspiration(FNA) seems to be the most promising technique for early de-tection of pancreatic cancer. It has been described as a highly sensitive and accurate tool, especially for small and cystic lesions. Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, a precursor lesion which is highly represented in high-risk individuals, seems to have characteristics chronic pancreatitis-like changes well detected by EUS. Many screening protocols have demonstrated high diagnostic yields for pancreatic pre-malignant lesions, allowing prophylactic pancreatectomies. However, it shows a high interobserver variety even among experienced en-dosonographers and a low sensitivity in case of chronic pancreatitis. Some new techniques such as contrast-en-hanced harmonic EUS, computer-aided diagnostic tech-niques, confocal laser endomicroscopy miniprobe andthe detection of DNA abnormalities or protein markersby FNA, promise improvement of the diagnostic yield ofEUS. As the resolution of imaging improves and as ourknowledge of precursor lesions grows, we believe thatEUS could become the most suitable method to detectcurable pancreatic neoplasms in correctly identifiedasymptomatic at-risk patients. | Lami G Biagini MR Galli A | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2014，6，7： | 8 |
| 9 | Effect of a counseling-supported treatment with the Mediterranean diet and physical activity on the severity of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘AIM To determine the clinical effectiveness of nutritional counseling on reduction of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) severity, weight loss, metabolic and anthropometric indexes and liver enzymes.METHODS Forty-six adults with NAFLD received a 6-mo clinical and a dietary intervention(based on Mediterranean diet) carried out respectively by a gastroenterologist and a nutritionist with counseling license. The counseling process consisted of monthly meeting(about 45 min each). The effect of the treatment was evaluated monitoring liver enzymes, metabolic parameters, cardiovascular risk indexes, NAFLD severity [assessed by ultrasound(US)] and related indexes. All parameters were assessed at baseline. Biochemistry was also assessed at mid-and end-interventions and US was repeated at end-intervention.RESULTS The percentage of patients with steatosis grade equal or higher than 2 was reduced from 93% to 48% and steatosis regressed in 9 patients(20%). At the end of the treatment the end-point concerning the weight(i.e., a 7% weight reduction or achievement/maintenance of normal weight) was accomplished by 25 out of 46 patients(i.e., 54.3%). As far as the liver enzymes is concerned, all three liver enzymes significantly decrease during the treatment the normalization was particularly evident for the ALT enzyme(altered values reduced from 67% down to 11%). Several parameters, i.e., BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, AST, ALT, GGT, HDL, serum glucose, Tot-Chol/HDL, LDL/HDL, TG/HDL, AIP, HOMA, FLI, Kotronen index, VAI, NAFLD liver fat score and LAP, showed a significant improvement(P < 0.01) between baseline and end-treatment.CONCLUSION Outcomes of this study further strengthen the hypothesis that Med Diet and more active lifestyle can be considered a safe therapeutic approach for reducing risk and severity of NAFLD and related disease states. The proposed approach may be proposed as a valid and recommended approach for improving the clinical profile of NAFLD patients. | Chiara Gelli Mirko Tarocchi Ludovico Abenavoli Laura Di Renzo Andrea Galli Antonino De Lorenzo | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，17： | 8 |
| 10 | Hyperhomocysteinemia and hypercoagulability in primary biliary cirrhosis显示文摘瞄准:在有人半胱氨酸(HCY ) 和 haemostatic 系统的各种各样的部件的 PBC 和它的关系估计 hypercoagulability。方法:我们调查了 51 个 PBC 病人(43F/8M;意味着年龄:63+/-13.9 年) 并且 102 个健康题目(86 个 women/16 人;63+/-13 年) ,并且由 PFA-100 由 Sonoclot 分析和血小板功能在全血评估了 haemostatic 过程设备。我们然后测量了 HCY (禁食并且在蛋氨酸装载以后) ,织物因素(TF ) , thrombin-antithrombin 建筑群(梭织) , D 暗淡(D-D ) , thrombomodulin (TM ) , folic,维生素 B6 和 B12 血浆铺平。C677T 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate 还原酶(MTHFR ) 多型性被分析。结果:病人的 Sonoclot 率值是显著地(P<0.001 ) 比那些高控制。山峰价值的 Sonoclot 时间和 PFA-100 闭合时间在病人和控制是可比较的。梭织, TF 和 HCY 层次,两个在禁食并且蛋氨酸以后的装载,显著地(P<0.001 ) 在病人更高与比在控制。维生素缺乏在 45/51 病人(88.2%) 被检测。同型结合的 TT677 MTHFR 遗传型的流行比在控制(17.5%)(P<0.05 ) 在病人(31.4%) 是显著地更高的。Sonoclot 率价值与 HCY 层次和 TF 显著地相关。结论:在 PBC, hyper-HCY 与维生素缺少和基因预先安排因素有关。内皮激活的增加的 TF 和 HCY 层次和符号与 hypercoagulability 被联系并且可以在血凝固激活有一个重要角色。 | Maria Rosa Biagini Alessandro Tozzi Rossella Marcucci Rita Paniccia Sandra Fedi Stefano Milani Andrea Galli Elisabetta Ceni Marco Capanni Raffaele Manta Rosanna Abbate Calogero Surrenti | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，10： | 6 |
| 11 | Next Generation Narrowband(Under 500 kHz) Power Line Communications(PLC) Standards显示文摘In the past decade,several efforts around the world were started with the goal of introducing 'smart metering' capabilities into the power grid.These efforts have spurred renewed interest in the design of next generation Narrowband Power Line Communications(NB-PLC) transceivers.In the past few years,ITU-T and IEEE have standardized a family of next generation OFDM-based NB-PLC transceivers some of which are today being considered for massive deployments in Europe and Asia.This paper addresses the important role that PLC has not only for smart metering but also for many other Smart Grid applications,and also gives an overview of the main differences between these next generation NB-PLC standards. | Stefano Galli Thierry Lys | 2015 | China Communications2015，12，3： | 5 |
| 12 | Graphene-based optical phase modulation of waveguide transverse electric modes显示文摘In this paper we report TE-mode phase modulation obtained by inducing a capacitive charge on graphene layers embedded in the core of a waveguide.There is a biasing regime in which graphene absorption is negligible but large index variations can be achieved with a voltage–length product as small as V_(π)L_(π)≃0.07 V cm for straight waveguides and V_(π)L_(π)≃0.0024 V cm for 12μm radius microring resonators.This phase modulation device uniquely enables a small signal amplitude<1 V with a micrometer-sized footprint for compatibility with CMOS circuit integration.Examples of phase-induced changes are computed for straight waveguides and for microring resonators,showing the possibility of implementing several optoelectronic functionalities as modulators,tunable filters,and switches. | Michele Midrio Paola Galli Marco Romagnoli Lionel C.Kimerling Jurgen Michel | 2014 | Photonics Research2014，2，3： | 5 |
| 13 | Strongly enhanced light trapping in a two-dimensional silicon nanowire random fractal array显示文摘We report on the unconventional optical properties exhibited by a two-dimensional array of thin Si nanowires arranged in a random fractal geometry and fabricated using an inexpensive,fast and maskless process compatible with Si technology.The structure allows for a high light-trapping efficiency across the entire visible range,attaining total reflectance values as low as 0.1%when the wavelength in the medium matches the length scale of maximum heterogeneity in the system.We show that the random fractal structure of our nanowire array is responsible for a strong in-plane multiple scattering,which is related to the material refractive index fluctuations and leads to a greatly enhanced Raman scattering and a bright photoluminescence.These strong emissions are correlated on all length scales according to the refractive index fluctuations.The relevance and the perspectives of the reported results are discussed as promising for Si-based photovoltaic and photonic applications. | Barbara Fazio Pietro Artoni Maria Antonia Iatì Cristiano D’Andrea Maria JosèLo Faro Salvatore Del Sorbo Stefano Pirotta Pietro Giuseppe Gucciardi Paolo Musumeci Cirino Salvatore Vasi Rosalba Saija Matteo Galli Francesco Priolo Alessia Irrera | 2016 | Light(Science & Applications)2016，5，1： | 4 |
| 14 | Dysfunction of Wnt signaling and synaptic :lisassembly in neurodegenerative diseases显示文摘 | Silvia A. Purro Soledad Galli Patricia C. Salinas | 2014 | Journal of Molecular Cell Biology2014，8，1： | 3 |
| 15 | IEEE电力线通信标准最新进展显示文摘对于消费者来说,目前已经可在某些时间利用多种技术实现到室内和在室内的宽带连接。在这些技术中,电力线通信对于提供宽带连接是一个极好的候选对象,因为它是一种既存的基础设施。这一设施比任何其他有线设施更普遍地渗透到千家万户,从而可使每一件电力线设备变成增值服务的目标。因此,可以考虑把电力线通信作为其他方法不可替代的、在未来大量应用的宽带连接技术。宽带电力线通信不能被采纳的最根本的障碍是由于缺乏一个全球认可的标准化组织制订的国际技术标准,幸好,这一障碍通过IEEEP1901标准联合工作组的工作,将很快被消除。成立于2005年6月的联合工作组,目前已经进入到关键工作阶段。本文说明电力线通信标准化的重要性,描述IEEEP1901工作组当前活动概况,并指出未来P1901标准为确保电力线通信成功进入市场所面临的一些技术挑战。 | Stefano Galli Oleg Logvinow 宋笑亭 | 2009 | 中国无线电2009，，10： | 3 |
| 16 | Telomerase activity: An attractive target for cancer therapeutics显示文摘Telomeres are non-coding tandem repeats of 1000-2000 TTAGGG nucleotide DNA sequences on the 3' termini of human chromosomes where they serve as protective 'caps' from degradation and loss of genes. The 'cap' at the end of chromosome required to protect its integrity is a 150-200 nucleotide-long single stranded G-rich 3' overhang that forms two higher order structures, a T-loop with Sheltering complex, or a G-quadruplex complex. Telomerase is a human ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase that continually added single stranded TTAGGG DNA sequences onto the single strand 3' of telomere in the 5' to 3' direction. Telomerase activity is detected in male germ line cells, proliferative cells of renewal tissues, some adult pluripotent stem cells, embryonic cells, but in most somatic cells is not detected. Re-expression or up-regulation of telomerase in tumours cells is considered as a critical step in cell tumorigenesis and telomerase is widely considered as a tumour marker and a target for anticancer drugs. Different approaches have been used in anticancer therapeutics targeting telomerase. Telomerase inhibitors can block directly Human TElomerase Reverse Transcriptase(h TERT) or Human TElomerase RNA telomerase subunits activity, or G-quadruplex and Sheltering com-plex components, shortening telomeres and inhibiting cell proliferation. Telomerase can become an immune target and GV1001, Vx-001, I540 are the most widespread vaccines used with encouraging results. Another method is to use h TERT promoter to drive suicide gene expression or to control a lytic virus replication. Recently telomerase activity was used to activate pro-drugs such as Acycloguanosyl 5'-thymidyltriphosphate, a synthetic ACV-derived molecule when it is activated by telomerase it does not require any virus or host active immune response to induce suicide gene therapy. Advantage of all these therapies is that target only neoplastic cells without any effects in normal cells, avoiding toxicity and adverse effects of the current chemotherapy. However, as not all the approaches are equally efficient, further studies will be necessary. | Lucia Picariello Cecilia Grappone Simone Polvani Andrea Galli | 2014 | World Journal of Pharmacology2014，3，4： | 3 |
| 17 | Enigmatic origin of hepatitis B virus:An ancient travelling companion or a recent encounter?显示文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV)is the leading cause of liver disease and infects an estimated 240 million people worldwide.It is characterised by a high degree of genetic heterogeneity because of the use of a reverse transcriptase during viral replication.The ten genotypes(A-J)that have been described so far further segregate into a number of subgenotypes which have distinct ethno-geographic distribution.Genotypes A and D are ubiquitous and the most prevalent genotypes in Europe(mainly represented by subgenotypes D1-3 and A2);genotypes B and C are restricted to eastern Asia and Oceania;genotype E to central and western Africa;and genotypes H and F(classified into 4 subgenotypes)to Latin America and Alaska.This review summarises the data obtained by studying the global phylodynamics and phylogeography of HBV genotypes,particularly those concerning the origin and dispersion histories of genotypes A,D,E and F and their subgenotypes.The lack of any consensus concerning the HBV substitution rate and the conflicting data obtained using different calibration approaches make the time of origin and divergence of the various genotypes and subgenotypes largely uncertain.It is hypothesised that HBV evolutionary rates are time dependent,and that the changes depend on the main transmission routes of the genotypes and the dynamics of the infected populations. | Gianguglielmo Zehender Erika Ebranati Elena Gabanelli Chiara Sorrentino Alessra Lo Presti Elisabetta Tanzi Massimo Ciccozzi Massimo Galli | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，24： | 3 |
| 18 | Clinical epidemiology of chronic viral hepatitis B:A Tuscany real-world large-scale cohort study显示文摘AIM To build a regional database of chronic patients to define the clinical epidemiology of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-infected patients in the Tuscan public health care system.METHODS This study used a cross-sectional cohort design. We evaluated chronic viral hepatitis patients with HBV referred to the outpatient services of 16 hospital units. Information in the case report forms included main demographic data, blood chemistry data, viral hepatitis markers, instrumental evaluations, and eligibility for treatment or ongoing therapy and liver transplantation. RESULTS Of 4015 chronic viral hepatitis patients, 1096(27.3%) were HBV infected. The case report form was correctly completed for only 833 patients(64% males, 36% females; mean age 50.1 ± 15.4). Of these HBV-infected patients, 73% were Caucasian, 21% Asian, 4% Central African, 1% North African and 1% American. Stratifying patients by age and nationality, we found that 21.7% of HBV-infected patients were aged < 34 years(only 2.8% were Italian). The most represented routes of transmission were nosocomial/dental procedures(23%), mother-to-child(17%) and sexual transmission(12%). The most represented HBV genotypes were D(72%) and A(14%). Of the patients, 24.7% of patients were HBe Ag positive, and 75.3% were HBe Ag negative. Of the HBV patients 7% were anti-HDV positive. In the whole cohort, 26.9% were cirrhotic(35.8% aged < 45 years), and 47% were eligible for or currently undergoing treatment, of whom 41.9 % were cirrhotic. CONCLUSION Only 27.3% of chronic viral hepatitis patients were HBV infected. Our results provide evidence of HBV infection in people aged < 34 years, especially in the foreign population not protected by vaccination. In our cohort of patients, liver cirrhosis was also found in young adults. | Cristina Stasi Caterina Silvestri Roberto Berni Maurizia Rossana Brunetto Anna Linda Zignego Cristina Orsini Stefano Milani Liana Ricciardi Andrea De Luca Pierluigi Blanc Cesira Nencioni Donatella Aquilini Alessandro Bartoloni Giampaolo Bresci Santino Marchi Franco Filipponi Piero Colombatto Paolo Forte Andrea Galli Sauro Luchi Silvia Chigiotti Alessandro Nerli Giampaolo Corti Rodolfo Sacco Paola Carrai Angelo Ricchiuti Massimo Giusti Paolo Almi Andrea Cozzi Silvia Carloppi Giacomo Laffi Fabio Voller Francesco Cipriani | 2018 | World Journal of Hepatology2018，10，5： | 3 |
| 19 | Integrated sources of photon quantum states based on nonlinear optics显示文摘The ability to generate complex optical photon states involving entanglement between multiple optical modes is not only critical to advancing our understanding of quantum mechanics but will play a key role in generating many applications in quantum technologies.These include quantum communications,computation,imaging,microscopy and many other novel technologies that are constantly being proposed.However,approaches to generating parallel multiple,customisable bi-and multi-entangled quantum bits(qubits)on a chip are still in the early stages of development.Here,we review recent advances in the realisation of integrated sources of photonic quantum states,focusing on approaches based on nonlinear optics that are compatible with contemporary optical fibre telecommunications and quantum memory platforms as well as with chip-scale semiconductor technology.These new and exciting platforms hold the promise of compact,low-cost,scalable and practical implementations of sources for the generation and manipulation of complex quantum optical states on a chip,which will play a major role in bringing quantum technologies out of the laboratory and into the real world. | Lucia Caspani Chunle Xiong Benjamin J Eggleton Daniele Bajoni Marco Liscidini Matteo Galli Roberto Morandotti David J Moss | 2017 | Light(Science & Applications)2017，6，1： | 3 |
| 20 | Quantum simulations of materials on near-term quantum computers显示文摘Quantum computers hold promise to enable efficient simulations of the properties of molecules and materials;however,at present they only permit ab initio calculations of a few atoms,due to a limited number of qubits.In order to harness the power of near-term quantum computers for simulations of larger systems,it is desirable to develop hybrid quantum-classical methods where the quantum computation is restricted to a small portion of the system.This is of particular relevance for molecules and solids where an active region requires a higher level of theoretical accuracy than its environment.Here,we present a quantum embedding theory for the calculation of strongly-correlated electronic states of active regions,with the rest of the system described within density functional theory.We demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the approach by investigating several defect quantum bits in semiconductors that are of great interest for quantum information technologies.We perform calculations on quantum computers and show that they yield results in agreement with those obtained with exact diagonalization on classical architectures,paving the way to simulations of realistic materials on near-term quantum computers. | He Ma Marco Govoni Giulia Galli | 2020 | npj Computational Materials2020，，1： | 3 |
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