| 2 | Look into my eyes:What can eye-based measures tell us about the relationship between physical activity and cognitive performance?显示文摘Background:There is a growing interest to understand the neurobiological mechanisms that drive the positive associations of physical activity and fitness with measures of cognitive performance.To better understand those mechanisms,several studies have employed eye-based measures(e.g., eye movement measures such as saccades,pupillary measures such as pupil dilation,and vascular measures such as retinal vessel diameter)deemed to be proxies for specific neurobiological mechanisms.However,there is currently no systematic review providing a comprehensive overview of these studies in the field of exercise-cognition science.Thus,this review aimed to address that gap in the literature.Methods:To identify eligible studies,we searched 5 electronic databases on October 23,2022.Two researchers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using a modified version of the Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in EXercise(TESTEX scale,for interventional studies) and the critical appraisal tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute(for cross-sectional studies).Results:Our systematic review(n=35 studies) offers the following main findings:(a) there is insufficient evidence available to draw solid conclusions concerning gaze-fixation-based measures;(b) the evidence that pupillometric measures,which are a proxy for the noradrenergic system,can explain the positive effect of acute exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness on cognitive performance is mixed;(c) physical training-or fitness-related changes of the cerebrovascular system(operationalized via changes in retinal vasculature) are,in general,positively associated with cognitive performance improvements;(d) acute and chronic physical exercises show a positive effect based on an oculomotor-based measure function(operationalized via antisaccade tasks);and(e) the positive association between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive performance is partly mediated by the dopaminergic system(operationalized via spontaneous eye-blink rate).Conclusion:This systematic review offers confirmation that eye-based measures can provide valuable insigt into the neurobiological mechanisms that may drive positive associations between physical activity and fitness and measures of cognitive performance.However,due to the limited number of studies utilizing specific methods for obtaining eye-based measures(e.g.,pupillometry,retinal vessel analysis,spontaneous eye blink rate) or investigating a possible dose-response relationship,further research is necessary before more nuanced conclusions can be drawn.Given that eye-based measures are economical and non-invasive,we hope this review will foster the future application of eye-based measures in the field of exercise-cognition science. | Liye Zou Fabian Herold Sebastian Ludyga Keita Kamijo Notger G.Muller Matthew B.Pontifex Matthew Heath Ryuta Kuwamizu Hideaki Soya Charles H.Hillman Soichi Ando Brandon L.Alderman Boris Cheval Arthur F.Kramer | 2023 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2023，12，5： | 0 |
| 4 | Associations between meeting 24-hour movement guidelines and quality of life among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder显示文摘Background:The Canadian 24-hour movement behavior(24-HMB)guidelines suggest that a limited amount of screen time use,an adequate level of physical activity(PA),and sufficient sleep duration are beneficial for ensuring and optimizing the health and quality of life(QoL)of children and adolescents.However,this topic has yet to be examined for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)specifically.The aim of this cross-sectional observational study was to examine the associations between meeting 24-HMB guidelines and several QoLrelated indicators among a national sample of American children and adolescents with ASD.Methods:Data were taken from the 2020 U.S.National Survey of Children’s Health dataset.Participants(n=956)aged 617 years and currently diagnosed with ASD were included.The exposure of interest was adherence to the 24-HMB guidelines.Outcomes were QoL indicators,including learning interest/curiosity,repeating grades,adaptive ability,victimization by bullying,and behavioral problems.Categorical variables were described with unweighted sample counts and weighted percentages.Age,sex,race,preterm birth status,medication,behavioral treatment,household poverty level,and the educational level of the primary caregivers were included as covariates.Odds ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(95%CI)were used to present the strength of association between adherence to 24-HMB guidelines and QoL-related indicators.Results:Overall,452 participants(45.34%)met 1 of the 3 recommendations,216(22.65%)met 2 recommendations,whereas only 39 participants(5.04%)met all 3 recommendations.Compared with meeting none of the recommendations,meeting both sleep duration and PA recommendations(OR=3.92,95%CI:1.639.48,p<0.001)or all 3 recommendations(OR=2.11,95%CI:1.034.35,p=0.04)was associated with higher odds of showing learning interest/curiosity.Meeting both screen time and PA recommendations(OR=0.15,95%CI:0.040.61,p<0.05)or both sleep duration and PA recommendations(OR=0.24,95%CI:0.070.87,p<0.05)was associated with lower odds of repeating any grades.With respect to adaptive ability,participants who met only the PA recommendation of the 24-HMB were less likely to have difficulties dressing or bathing(OR=0.11,95%CI:0.020.66,p<0.05)than those who did not.For participants who met all 3 recommendations(OR=0.38,95%CI:0.150.99,p=0.05),the odds of being victimized by bullying was lower.Participants who adhered to both sleep duration and PA recommendations were less likely to present with severe behavioral problems(OR=0.17,95%CI:0.040.71,p<0.05)than those who did not meet those guidelines.Conclusion:Significant associations were found between adhering to 24-HMB guidelines and selected QoL indicators.These findings highlight the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle as a key factor in promoting and preserving the QoL of children with ASD. | Chuidan Kong Aiguo Chen Sebastian Ludyga Fabian Herold Sean Healy Mengxian Zhao Alyx Taylor Notger G.Muller Arthur F.Kramer Sitong Chen Mark S.Tremblay Liye Zou | 2023 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2023，12，1： | 0 |
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