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| 1 | Characterization of hepatitis B virus X gene quasispecies complexity in mono-infection and hepatitis delta virus superinfection显示文摘Hepatitis delta virus(HDV) seems to strongly suppress hepatitis B virus(HBV)replication, although little is known about the mechanism of this interaction. Both these viruses show a dynamic distribution of mutants, resulting in viral quasispecies. Next-generation sequencing is a viable approach for analyzing the composition of these mutant spectra. As the regulatory hepatitis B X protein(HBx) is essential for HBV replication, determination of HBV X gene(HBX)quasispecies complexity in HBV/HDV infection compared to HBV monoinfection may provide information on the interactions between these two viruses.AIM To compare HBV quasispecies complexity in the HBX 5' region between chronic hepatitis delta(CHD) and chronic HBV mono-infected patients.METHODS Twenty-four untreated patients were included: 7/24(29.2%) with HBeAgnegative chronic HBV infection(CI, previously termed inactive carriers), 8/24(33.3%) with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B(CHB) and 9/24(37.5%) with CHD. A serum sample from each patient was first tested for HBV DNA levels.The HBX 5' region [nucleotides(nt) 1255-1611] was then PCR-amplified for subsequent next-generation sequencing(MiSeq, Illumina, United States). HBV quasispecies complexity in the region analyzed was evaluated using incidencebased indices(number of haplotypes and number of mutations), abundancebased indices(Hill numbers of order 1 and 2), and functional indices(mutation frequency and nucleotide diversity). We also evaluated the pattern of nucleotide changes to investigate which of them could be the cause of the quasispecies complexity.RESULTS CHB patients showed higher median HBV-DNA levels [5.4 logIU/mL,interquartile range(IQR) 3.5-7.9] than CHD(3.4 logIU/mL, IQR 3-7.6)(P = n.s.)or CI(3.2 logIU/mL, IQR 2.3-3.5)(P < 0.01) patients. The incidence and abundance indices indicated that HBV quasispecies complexity was significantly greater in CI than CHB. A similar trend was observed in CHD patients, although only Hill numbers of order 2 showed statistically significant differences(CHB2.81, IQR 1.11-4.57 vs CHD 8.87, 6.56-11.18, P = 0.038). There were no significant differences in the functional indices, but CI and CHD patients also showed a trend towards greater complexity than CHB. No differences were found for any HBV quasispecies complexity indices between CHD and CI patients. G-to-A and C-to-T nucleotide changes, characteristic of APOBEC3 G, were higher in CHD and CI than in CHB in genotype A haplotypes, but not in genotype D. The proportion of nt G-to-A vs A-to-G changes and C-to-T vs T-to-C changes in genotype A and D haplotypes in CHD patients showed no significant differences. In CHB and CI the results of these comparisons were dependent on HBV genotype.CONCLUSION The lower-replication CHD and CI groups show a trend to higher quasispecies complexity than the higher-replication CHB group. The mechanisms associated with this greater complexity require elucidation. | Cristina Godoy David Tabernero Sara Sopena Josep Gregori Maria Francesca Cortese Carolina González Rosario Casillas Mar?al Yll Ariadna Rando Rosa López-Martínez Josep Quer Gloria González-Aseguinolaza Rafael Esteban Mar Riveiro-Barciela Maria Buti Francisco Rodríguez-Frías | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，13： | 6 |
| 2 | Beneficial effects of nutritional supplements on intestinal epithelial barrier functions in experimental colitis models in vivo显示文摘Acute and chronic colitis affect a huge proportion of the population world-wide.The etiology of colitis cases can be manifold,and diet can significantly affect onset and outcome of colitis.While many forms of acute colitis are easily treatable,chronic forms of colitis such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease(summarized as inflammatory bowel diseases)are multifactorial with poorly understood pathogenesis.Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterized by exacerbated immune responses causing epithelial dysfunction and bacterial translocation.There is no cure and therapies aim at reducing inflammation and restoring intestinal barrier function.Unfortunately,most drugs can have severe side effects.Changes in diet and inclusion of nutritional supplements have been extensively studied in cell culture and animal models,and some supplements have shown promising results in clinical studies.Most of these nutritional supplements including vitamins,fatty acids and phytochemicals reduce oxidative stress and inflammation and have shown beneficial effects during experimental colitis in rodents induced by dextran sulphate sodium or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid,which remain the gold standard in pre-clinical colitis research.Here,we summarize the mechanisms through which such nutritional supplements contribute to epithelial barrier stabilization. | Hilda Vargas-Robles Karla Fabiola Castro-Ochoa Alí Francisco Citalán-Madrid Michael Schnoor | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，30： | 5 |
| 3 | Magnesium-its role in CKD显示文摘 | M de Francisco AL Rodriguez M | 2013 | Nefrolagia2013，33，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Parathyroidectomy in dialysis patients显示文摘 | De Francisco AL Fresnedo GF Rodrigo E | 2002 | Kidney Int Suppl2002，，80： | 1 |
| 5 | Beyond the cardiorenal anaemia syndrome: recognizing the role of iron deficiency显示文摘 | MACDOUGALL IC CANAUD B de FRANCISCO AL et 02 | 2012 | Eur J Heart Fail2012，14，8： | 1 |
| 6 | Past,present and future of erythropoietin use in the elderly显示文摘 | de Francisco AL Fernandez FG Rodrigo E | 2002 | Iht Urol Nephrol2002，33，： | 1 |
| 7 | Cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients receiving hemodialysis 显示文摘 | Block GA Martin KJ de Francisco AL | 2004 | N Engl J Med2004，35，： | 1 |
| 8 | Calcium-mediated parathyroid honnone release changes in patients treated with the calcimimetic agent cinacalcet显示文摘 | de Francisco AL Izquierdo M Cunningham J | 2008 | Nephrol Dial Transplant2008，23，9： | 1 |
| 9 | Platelet-derived exosomes of septic individuals possess proapoptotic NAD(P)H oxidase activity: A novel vascular redox pathway显示文摘 | Mariano Janiszewski Alípio O. do Carmo Marcelo A. Pedro Eliézer Silva Elias Knobel Francisco R. M. Laurindo | 2004 | Critical Care Medicine2004，，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Develop- ment and Testing of A Prototype of Low - Power Water -Ammonia Absorption Equipment for Solar Energy Applications 显示文摘 | De Francisco A Illanes R Torres J L et al | 2002 | Renewable Energy2002，25，： | 1 |
| 11 | Serum interleukin-6 in renal osteodystrophy:relationship with serum PTH and bone remodeling markers显示文摘 | Montalban C Garcia-Unzueta MT De Francisco AL | 1999 | Horm Metab Res1999，31，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients receiving hemodialysis显示文摘 | Block GA Martin KJ de Francisco AL | 2004 | N Engl J Med2004，350，： | 1 |
| 13 | Evaluation of calcium acetate/magnesium carbonate as a phosphate binder compared with sevelamer hydrochloride in haemo- dialysis patients: a controlled randomized study (CALM- AG study) assessing efficacy and tolerability显示文摘 | Francisco AL Leidig M Covie AC | 2010 | Nephrol Dial Transplant2010，25，： | 1 |
| 14 | Role of commercial sanitizers and washing systems on epiphytic microorganisms and sensory quality of fresh-cut escarole and lettuce显示文摘 | Allende A Selma MV Francisco LG e t al | 2008 | Postharvest Biology and Technology2008，49，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Application Danielsson B, of supercritical Kozubek A, et carbon dioxide for the extraction of alkylresorcinols from rye bran 显示文摘 | Francisco J C al | 2005 | Supercritical Fluids2005，35，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Calcimimetic for secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients receiving hemodialysis 显示文摘 | Block GA Martin KJ de Francisco AL | 2004 | N Engl J Med2004，350，： | 1 |
| 17 | Double treatment with paricalcitol-associated calcifediol and cardiovascular risk biomarkers in haemodialysis 显示文摘 | Pifiera-Haces C Izquierdo-Ortiz MJ Martin-de Francisco AL | 2013 | Nefrologia2013，33，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Diabetic mastopathy: a case report显示文摘 | Francisco C Julio C Fontes AL | 2012 | Clin Imaging2012，36，6： | 1 |
| 19 | High-Efficiency Postdilution Online Hemodiafiltra- tion Reduces All-Cause Mortality in Hemodialysis Pa tients显示文摘 | Francisco Maduell Francesc Moreso Mercedes Pons et al | 2013 | J Am Soc Nephrol2013，24，： | 1 |
| 20 | Association between pulse pressure and cardiovascular disease in renal transplant patients显示文摘 | Fernandez-Fresnedo G Escallada R Martin de Francisco AL | 2005 | Am J Transplant2005，5，2： | 1 |
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