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| 1 | 钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白-2抑制剂或胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂治疗成人2型糖尿病:临床实践指南显示文摘临床问题对于存在不同心血管风险及肾脏结局的2型糖尿病患者,在原有生活方式干预和/或其他降糖药物的基础上加用钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2(SGLT-2)抑制剂和胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)受体激动剂的获益及风险是什么?现行做法几十年来,2型糖尿病的治疗决策都以控制血糖为主导。SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂在传统观念中常被用于二甲双胍治疗后血糖仍控制不佳的患者。目前这一现状已经发生了改变,这得益于多项临床研究结果。研究显示SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂拥有独立于药物降糖作用之外的对于动脉粥样硬化性心血管病(CVD)和慢性肾脏病(CKD)的获益。建议本指南阐述了针对不同风险分层的成人2型糖尿病患者使用SGLT-2抑制剂或GLP-1受体激动剂的建议。•伴有3种或更少的心血管风险因素且不存在CVD或CKD:不建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂或GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•伴有3种以上心血管风险因素且不存在CVD或CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗,不建议启动GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•已经存在CVD或CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗和GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•已经存在CVD和CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗(推荐等级:强)和GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•对于那些想要进一步降低CVD和CKD结局风险的患者:推荐优先启用SGLT-2抑制剂治疗而非GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)这项指南是如何制订的一个由患者、临床医生和方法学家共同组成的国际小组提出了这些推荐意见。这些推荐意见基于可信度较高的指南的标准,并使用GRADE分级方法进行评估。该小组采用了息者个体化的观点。证据一项关于获益与风险的系统综述和网络meta分析(764项随机对照研究,包括421346例参与者)发现SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂可以降低总体死亡率、心肌梗死发生率、终末期肾病或肾衰竭的发生率(中等至高等质量的证据)。在不同的亚组中这些药物对卒中、因心力衰竭所致住院和其他主要不良事件有不同的影响。药物绝对获益的程度因患者个体风险的不同有很大的差异。(例如,对于接受了超过5年药物治疗的1000例患者,在最低风险人群中死亡人数减少了5人,在最高风险人群中死亡人数减少了48人)。一项关于预后的综述确认了14种风险预测模型,其中一种(RECODe)在证据总结中报告了大部分基线风险评估数据,小组利用该模型以支持风险分层的建议。考虑到患者的价值观及个体差异,指南推荐的支撑证据包括一项对已发表论文的系统综述、一项患者焦点小组研究、一项临床问题总结,以及一项指南调查。指南解读我们依据不同的CVD和CKD风险水平,综合考虑获益、风险和其他因素的平衡,以及每一个风险组别的实际问题,来对推荐意见进行分层。本指南强烈建议CVD和CKD患者使用SGLT-2抑制剂治疗,这说明专家组认为其具有显著的获益。而对于其他成人2型糖尿病患者,推荐等级较弱,这说明专家组想要在获益、风险及治疗花费上取得一个更好的平衡。临床医生通过该指南可以使用可靠的风险计算模型,如RECODe,来明确其患者的个体心血管和肾脏疾病风险。医患交互式总结临床证据和制订决策有助于患者知晓治疗选择,包括进行共同决策。2型糖尿病人群(全球患病率不断增长1-2)正面临着不断增加的心血管疾病、肾脏病和其他并发症的风险3。数十年来,2型糖尿病的管理始终以控制血糖及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)为治疗目标4-5,但是,最近的高质量随机对照研究已经对这种以血糖为中心的治疗模式发起了挑战。研究结果显示,强化血糖控制未必会降低大血管不良事件,它还可能带来不利影响监管机构现在要求新型糖尿病药物必须证明其具有心血管和肾脏获益才能获得批准。对两类新药--钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2(SGLT-2)抑制剂和胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)受体激动剂(见框图1)的临床试验结果显示,在现有治疗方案(常规治疗)之上加用这些药物,对死亡、心肌梗死、卒中、心力衰竭和肾脏的结局(如进展为终末期肾病)都有获益8-12。 | Sheyu Li Per Olav Vandvik Lyubov Lytvyn Gordon H Guyatt Suetonia C Palmer Rene Rodriguez-Gutierrez Farid Foroutan Thomas Agoritsas Reed A C Siemieniuk Michael Walsh Lawrie Frere David J Tunnicliffe Evi V Nagler Veena Manja Bjφrn Olav Asvold Vivekanand Jha Mieke Vermandere Karim Gariani Qian Zhao Yan Ren Emma Jane Cartwright Patrick Gee Alan Wickes Linda Fems Robin Wright Ling Li Qiukui Hao Reem A Mustafa 无 郭鹤鸣(译) | 2021 | 英国医学杂志中文版2021，24，9： | 7 |
| 2 | Fatal motorcycle accidents in Fars Province, Iran: a com- munity-based survey显示文摘ObjectiveTo 在 Fars 省识别摩托车事故的牺牲品的主要特征, Iran.MethodsThis 代表性的学习在从 2009 年 3 月在伊朗有所有 31 个省的第四张最大的人口到 2010 年 6 月的 Fars 省被进行。我们从所有 542 的 includeddata 由于机动车辆事故记录了死亡的盒子。数据从由人口统计、事故相关的信息组成的法庭的药登记被记录。人口统计的信息由名字,年龄,性别,致命的牺牲品(摩托车驱动程序对旅客) 的地位和 2 345 尸体从法庭的药档案记录的教育 level.ResultsOf 组成了,(23.1%) 542 作为机动车辆事故给了死亡的原因。这些牺牲品的吝啬的年龄是(31.4 ±16.5 ) 年,和男性到女比率是 28。头损害是在这些牺牲品的死亡的最普通的原因,并且总的来说,他们趋于有教育的底层。摩托车事故经常包含了更年轻的年龄组(15-35 年) ,并且与一顶头盔的弃权联系的头损伤是 death.ConclusionsHead 损害的最普通的原因在在我们学习了的省的牺牲品之中是经常的。这种状况可能与 victims’ 有关关于交通法律与他们的弱实施一起导致加速和这些法律的不顾的低社会经济的地位和很少教育。 | Seyed Taghi Heydari Najmeh Maharlouei Aft Foroutan Yaser Sarikhani Fariborz Ghaffarpasand Arya Hedjazi Mohammad Zarenezhad Ghasem Moafian Mohammad Reza Aghabeigi Payam Peymani Seyed Mehdi Ahmadi Maryam Dehghankhalili Hassan Joulaei Kamran B. Lankarani | 2012 | Chinese Journal of Traumatology2012，15，4： | 6 |
| 3 | 阿司匹林及氯吡格雷双抗与阿司匹林单药治疗急性轻度缺血性卒中及高危短暂性脑缺血发作的比较:系统综述及meta分析显示文摘目的为了评估对于急性轻度缺血性卒中及短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者应用联合阿司匹林及氯吡格雷双抗治疗,相较于单用阿司匹林,预防血栓再发及出血事件的有效性及安全性。研究设计对随机、安慰剂对照研究进行系统综述及meta分析。 | Qiukui Hao Malavika Tampi Martin O' Donnell Farid Foroutan Reed AC Siemieniuk Gordon Guyatt 李洁(译) 毛晨晖(校) | 2019 | 英国医学杂志中文版2019，22，5： | 5 |
| 4 | Epidemiological characteristics of fatal pedestrian ac- cidents in Fars Province of Iran: a community-based survey显示文摘ObjectiveTo 决定在 Iran.MethodsThis 代表性的学习的 Fars 省的致命的步行事故的流行病学的特征从 2009 年 3 月在一个 29 月的时期期间在伊朗的 Fars 省被进行到 2011 年 7 月。数据从 Fars 法庭的药登记。在 4 923 记录道路交通事故死亡, 971 死亡由于步行事故。人口统计、事故相关的信息被社会科学统计套装软体版本 11.5 分析。不到 0.05 被认为死者的 significant.ResultsThe 平均数年龄的 P 价值是(47.2 ±26.2 ) 年,从 6 个月到 103 岁。男性们说明了 69.8% 所有死亡。致命的事故在 9 月是很普通的;56.1% 致命的损害发生在 intracity 道路上并且 33.1% 在 extracity 道路上。致命的头损害在 60.54% 盒子中是在场的。损害地点的评估和死亡的原因发现他们显著地与年龄被联系,在损害和死亡之间的间隔。而且,道路的类型在 mortality.ConclusionAlthough 起了一个重要作用损伤病人的临床的管理在最近的十年在我们的国家被改进了,减少损害的负担在损伤系统组织之中需要协作。 | Payam Peymani Seyed Taghi Heydari Amin Hoseinzadeh Yaser Safikhani Arya Hedjazi Mohammad Zarenezhad Ghasem Moafian Mohammad Reza Aghabeigi Najmeh Maharlouei All Foroutan Seyed Mehdi Ahmadi FariborzGhaffarpasand Hassan Joulaei Kamran B Lankarani | 2012 | Chinese Journal of Traumatology2012，15，5： | 5 |
| 5 | An axisymmetric model for draft tube flow at partial load显示文摘A new Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) turbulence model is developed in order to correctly predict the mean flow field in a draft tube operating under partial load using 2-D axisymmetric simulations. It is shown that although 2-D axisymmetric simulations cannot model the 3-D unsteady features of the vortex rope, they can give the average location of the vortex rope in the draft tube. Nevertheless, RANS simulations underpredict the turbulent kinetic energy(TKE) production and diffusion near the center of the draft tube where the vortex rope forms, resulting in incorrect calculation of TKE profiles and, hence, poor prediction of the axial velocity. Based on this observation, a new k-ε turbulence RANS model taking into account the extra production and diffusion of TKE due to coherent structures associated with the vortex rope formation is developed. The new model can successfully predict the mean flow velocity with significant improvements in comparison with the realizable k-ε model. This is attributed to better prediction of TKE production and diffusion by the new model in the draft tube under partial load. Specifically, the new model calculates 31% more production and 46% more diffusion right at the shear layer when compared to the k- ε model. | Hosein FOROUTAN Savas YAVUZKURT | 2016 | Journal of Hydrodynamics2016，28，2： | 3 |
| 6 | Ocular higher-order aberrations and mesopic pupil size in individuals screened for refractive surgery显示文摘AIM: To study the distribution of ocular higher-order aberrations(HOAs) and mesopic pupil size in individuals screened for refractive surgery. · METHODS: Ocular HOAs and mesopic pupil size were studied in 2 458 eyes of 1 240 patients with myopia, myopic astigmatism and compound myopic astigmatism and 215 eyes of 110 patients with hyperopia, hyperopic astigmatism and compound hyperopic astigmatism using the Zywave aberrometer (Busch& Lomb). All patients had correctable refractive errors without a history of refractive surgery or underlying diseases. Root-mean-square values of HOAs, total spherical aberration, total coma and mesopic pupil size were analyzed. Ocular HOAs were measured across a ≥ 6.0 mm pupil, and pupil size measurements were performed under the mesopic condition. · RESULTS: The mean values of HOAs, total spherical aberration and total coma in the myopic group were 0.369 μm, ±0.233, 0.133±0.112μm and 0.330±0.188μm, respectively. In the hyperopic group the mean values of HOAs, total spherical aberration and total coma were 0.418μm±0.214, 0.202±0.209μm and 0.343±0.201μm, respectively. Hyperopes showed greater total HOAs (P <0.01) and total spherical aberration (P <0.01) compared to myopes. In age-matched analysis, only the amount of total spherical aberration was higher in the hyperopic group (P =0.05). Mesopic pupil size in the myopic group was larger (P ≤0.05). · CONCLUSION: The results suggested that significant levels of HOAs were found in both groups which are important for planning refractive surgeries on Iranians. There were significantly higher levels of total spherical aberration in hyperopes compared to myopes. Mesopic pupil size was larger in myopic group. | Seyed Javad Hashemian Mohammad Soleimani Alireza Foroutan Mahmood Joshaghani Mohammad Jafar Ghaempanah Mohammad Ebrahim Jafari Mehdi Yaseri | 2012 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2012，5，2： | 2 |
| 7 | Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor induces a variety of tissuespecific morphogenic programs in epithelial cell 显示文摘 | Brinkmann V Foroutan H Sachs M | 1995 | J Cell Biol1995，131，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Ischemia-in- duced stimulation of Na-K-C1 cotransport in cerebral mi- crovascular endothelial cells involves AMP kinase 显示文摘 | Wallace BK Foroutan S O'Donnell ME | 2011 | Am J Physiol Cell Physiol2011，301，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Comparison of divided sciatic nerve growth within dennis,venous and nerve graft conduit in rat 显示文摘 | Fatemi MJ Foroutan KS Ashtiani AK | 2010 | J Res Med Sei2010，15，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Ocular toxoplasmosis in Iran:40 cases analysis显示文摘·AIM:To report ocular symptoms,funduscopic findings and demographic distribution of ocular toxoplasmosis in Iran·METHODS:In this cross-sectional study,a total of 40 patients with ocular toxoplasmosis (24 female,16 male) were enrolled.The distribution of symptoms and funduscopic findings were studied.·RESULTS:The patients' age was in the range of 13-52 with the most common age of 19 years old.Twenty-four patients were female (60.0%).The most common presenting sign was visual loss.There was anterior chamber (AC) inflammation in 23 patients (57.5%).Vitritis was presented in 36 patients (90.0%).In 35 patients (87.5%),the retinal lesion was central.In patients with peripheral lesion,3 patients (60.0%) had flashing vs 12.5% chance of flashing in all patients.Older patients had larger lesion (P =0.04).·CONCLUSION:Ocular toxoplasmosis substantially varies among patients with different age,gender,status of immunity,site of lesion and other undetermined factors.One of ocular symptoms,flashing,may necessitate a more precise peripheral fundus examination.· | Seidali Tabatabaei Mohammad Soleimani Alireza Foroutan Mehdinili Ahmadabadi Reza Zarei Nilofar Piri Arzhang Gordiz | 2011 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2011，4，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Development of a rapid HPLC method for determination of famotidinein human plasma using a monolithic column 显示文摘 | ZARGHI A SHAFAATI A FOROUTAN SM | 2005 | J Pharm Biomed Anal2005，39，34： | 1 |
| 12 | Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor induces a variety of tissue-specific morphogenic programs in epithelial cells 显示文摘 | Brinkmann V Foroutan H Sachs M | 1995 | J Cell Biol1995，131，61： | 1 |
| 13 | Perilimbal bevacizumab injection for interface neovascularization after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty显示文摘 | Foroutan A Fariba B Pejman B | 2010 | Cornea2010，29，11： | 1 |
| 14 | Spontaneous wound dehiscence after penetrating keratoplasty显示文摘Spontaneous wound separation may be developed even months after suture removal especially in the context of long-term corticosteroid therapy. A 68-yearold Caucasian woman presented to our cornea clinic with spontaneous wound dehiscence after her third penetrating keratoplasty(PKP) which was performed three years ago. An Ahmed glaucoma valve(New World Medical, Ranchos Cucamonga, CA) was inserted ten months after the third PKP, which successfully controlled intraocular pressure(IOP). At the examination, the last sutures were removed eight months ago and she was using flourometholone 0.1%(Sina Darou, Tehran, Iran)with a dose of once a day. There was one quadrant of wound dehiscence from 8 to 11 o`clock associated with anterior wound gape and severe corneal edema.Resuturing was performed for the patient. At the one month examination, the corneal edema was resolved and best corrected visual acuity was 20/200 mainly due to previous glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Caution about the prolonged use of corticosteroids is necessary. Topical immunosuppressives could be a promising choice in this field. | Alireza Foroutan Seyed Ali Tabatabaei Mahmoud Jabbarvand Behrouz Reza Zarei Mohammad Soleimani | 2014 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2014，7，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Synthesis and characterization of polyethylene glycol conjugates of hydrocortisone as potential prodrugs for ocular steroid delivery显示文摘 | Foroutan S M Watson DG | 1997 | Int J Pharm1997，157，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Eosinophilic esophagitis in patients with refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease显示文摘 | FOROUTAN M NOROUZI A MOLAEI M | 2010 | Dig Dis Sci2010，55，： | 1 |
| 17 | Feature selection for automatic classification of non-gayssian data显示文摘 | Foroutan I Sklansky J | 1987 | IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics1987，17，： | 1 |
| 18 | Toric implantable eollamer lens for high myopic astigmatism in keratoconic patients after six months显示文摘 | Hashemian SJ Soleimani M Foroutan A | 2013 | Clin Exp Optom2013，96，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Quantification of carvedilol in human plasma by liquid chromatography using fluorescence detection:Application in pharmacokinetic studies显示文摘 | A. Zarghi S.M. Foroutan A. Shafaati | | 0，，03： | 1 |
| 20 | 屈光手术前个体眼高阶像差与中间视觉状态下瞳孔大小(英文)显示文摘目的:研究眼高阶像差的分布(HOAs)和mesopic瞳孔的大小在个体中筛选的屈光手术。方法:我们采用Zywave像差分析仪(博士伦)分别对患有近视、近视散光和复性近视散光患者1240例2458眼和患有远视、远视散光和复性远视散光患者110例215眼的高阶像差和瞳孔大小进行检测。所有患者屈光不正均可矫正,无屈光手术史或潜在疾病。HOAs的均方根值、总球面像差、总斜射球面像差和中间视觉状态下瞳孔的大小进行了分析,眼高阶像差测量均在瞳孔≥6.0mm,且瞳孔大小的测量均为在中间视觉状态下进行。结果:HOAs均方根值、总球面像差和总斜射球面像差在近视眼组与远视眼组分别为0.369±0.233μm、0.133±0.112μm、0.330±0.188μm;0.418±0.214μm、0.202±0.209μm、0.343±0.201μm。与近视患者相比,远视患者的总HOAs和总球面像差更大(P均<0.01)。年龄匹配分析显示在远视眼组只有总球面像差较高(P=0.05)。近视眼组的中间视觉状态下瞳孔大小较大(P≤0.05)。结论:实验结果表明两组的HOAs的水平有显著差异,这对于将行屈光手术的伊朗人很重要。远视眼组的总球面像差显著高于近视眼组,中间视觉状态下瞳孔大小在近视眼组较大。 | Seyed Javad Hashemian Mohammad Soleimani Alireza Foroutan Mahmood Joshaghani Mohammad Jafar Ghaempanah Mohammad Ebrahim Jafari Mehdi Yaseri | 2012 | 国际眼科杂志2012，12，7： | 1 |
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