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| 1 | Mechanisms of resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in metastatic colorectal cancer显示文摘The prognosis of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer(m CRC) remain poor despite the impressive improvement of treatments observed over the last 20 years that led to an increase in median overall survival from 6 mo, with the only best supportive care, to approximately 30 mo with the introduction of active chemotherapy drugs and targeted agents. The monoclonal antibodies(mo Abs) cetuximab and panitumumab, directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR), undoubtedly represent a major step forward in the treatment of m CRC, given the relevant efficacy in terms of progression-free survival, overall survival, response rate, and quality of life observed in several phase Ⅲ clinical trials among different lines of treatment. However, the anti-EGFR mo Abs were shown only to be effective in a subset of patients. For instance, KRAS and NRAS mutations have been identified as biomarkers of resistance to these drugs, improving the selection of patients who might derive a benefit from these treatments. Nevertheless, several other alterations might affect the response to these drugs, and unfortunately, even the responders eventually become resistant by developing secondary(or acquired) resistance in approximately 13-18 mo. Several studies highlighted that the landscape of responsible alterations of both primary and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR drugs biochemically converge into MEK-ERK and PIK3CA-AKT pathways. In this review, we describe the currently known mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR mo Abs together with the various strategies evaluated to prevent, overcame or revert them. | Vincenzo Sforza Erika Martinelli Fortunato Ciardiello Valentina Gambardella Stefania Napolitano Giulia Martini Carminia della Corte Claudia Cardone Marianna L Ferrara Alfonso Reginelli Giuseppina Liguori Giulio Belli Teresa Troiani | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，28： | 6 |
| 2 | Properties of a combined adaptive/second-order sliding mode control algorithm for some classes of uncertain nonlinear systems显示文摘 | BARTOLINI G FERRARA A GIACOMINI L | 2000 | 1EEE Transactions on Automatic Control2000，45，7： | 1 |
| 3 | A semantic web ontology for context-based classification and retrieval of music resources显示文摘 | Ferrara A Ludovico L A MontaneUi S | 2006 | ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications ( TOMCCAP )2006，2，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) inhibits angiogenesis in vitro显示文摘 | Pepper MS Ferrara N Orci L | 1995 | J Cell Sci1995，108，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Design and experimental validation of a second-order sliding-mode motion controller for robot manipulators显示文摘 | Capisani L M Ferrara A Maqnani L | 2009 | International Journal of Control2009，82，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Development of ranibizumab,an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antigen binding fragment, as therapy for neovascular agerelated macular degeneration显示文摘 | Ferrara N Damico L Shams N Lowman H Kim R | 2006 | Retina2006，26，： | 1 |
| 7 | Potent synergism between vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in the induction of angiogenesis in vitro 显示文摘 | Ferrara N Orci L | 1992 | Biochem Biophys Res Commun1992，189，： | 1 |
| 8 | Olive oil and reduced need for antihypertensive medication 显示文摘 | Ferrara LA Raimondi S D' Episcopa L | 2000 | Arch Intern Med2000，160，： | 1 |
| 9 | Oculomotor impairment after 1 night of total sleep deprivation:a dissociation between measures of speed and accuracy显示文摘 | Gennaro L Ferrara M Urbani L | 2000 | Clinical Neurophysiology2000，111，10： | 1 |
| 10 | Effect of pre-operative physiotherapy in patients with end-stage osteoarthritis undergoing hip arthroplasty显示文摘 | Ferrara P Rabini A Maggi L | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 11 | Potent synergism between vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in the induction of angiogenesis in vitro 显示文摘 | Pepper MS Ferrara N Orci L | 1992 | Biochem Biophys Res Commun1992，189，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Molecular and biological properties of theascular endothelial growth factor family proteins 显示文摘 | Houck K Jakeman L | 1992 | Endocrine Reviews1992，13，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Screening the receptorome:an efficient approach for drug discovery and target validation显示文摘 | Strachan RT Ferrara G Roth B L | 2006 | Drug Discov Today2006，11，1516： | 1 |
| 14 | Phytate phosphorus content of feed ingredients derived from plants 显示文摘 | Nelson T S Ferrara L W Storer N L | 1968 | Poult Sci1968，47，： | 1 |
| 15 | Molecular and biological properties of the vascular endothelial growth factor family of proteins显示文摘 | Ferrara N Jakeman L Houck K | 1992 | Endocr Rev1992，13，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Oculomotor impairment after 1 night of total sleep deprivation:a dissociation between measures of speed and accuracy显示文摘 | Gennaro LD Ferrara M Urbani L | 2000 | Clinical Neurophysiology2000，111，10： | 1 |
| 17 | Sleep loss, learning capacity and academic performance (Review) 显示文摘 | Ferrara M De Gennaro L | 2006 | Sleep Med2006，10，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Corticosteroids for id- iopathic pulmonary fibrosis显示文摘 | Richeldi L Davies HR Ferrara G | 2003 | Cochrane Database Syst Rev2003，3，00： | 1 |
| 19 | Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces plasminogen activators and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in microvascular endothelial cells显示文摘 | Pepper MS Ferrara N Orei L | 1991 | Biochemical and biophysical research communica-tions1991，181，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Nutritional characteristics of Feijoa sellowiana fruit: The iodine content显示文摘 | Ferrara L Montesano D | 2001 | Rivista di Scienza dell’Alimentazione2001，30，4： | 1 |
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