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| 1 | Supplementing N-carbamoylglutamate in late gestation increases newborn calf weight by enhanced placental expression of mTOR and angiogenesis factor genes in dairy cows显示文摘The objective of this study was to investigate whether supplementation with N-carbamoylglutamate(NCG)to cows during late gestation alters uteroplacental tissue nutrient transporters,calf metabolism and newborn weight.Thirty multiparous Chinese Holstein cows were used in a randomized complete block design experiment.During the last 28 d of pregnancy,cows were fed a diet without(CON)or with NCG(20 g/d per cow).The body weight of calves was weighed immediately after birth.Placentome samples were collected at parturition and used to assess mRNA expression of genes involved in transport of arginine,glucose,fatty acid and angiogenesis factors,as well as the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway.Blood samples of calves before colostrum consumption were also collected for the detection of plasma parameters,amino acids(AA)and metabolomics analysis.The newborn weight(P=0.02)and plasma Arg concentration of NCG-calves was significantly higher(P=0.05)than that of CON-calves,and the plasma concentrations of urea nitrogen tended to be lower(P=0.10)in the NCG group.The mRNA abundance of genes involved in glucose transport(solute carrier family 2 member 3[SLC2 A3],P<0.01),angiogenesis(nitric oxide synthase 3[NOS3],P=0.02),and mTOR pathway(serine/threonine-protein kinase 1[ACT1],P=0.10;euka ryotic translation initiation factor 4 B pseudogene 1[EIF4 BP1],P=0.08;EIF4 EBP2,P=0.04;and E74-like factor 2[ELF2],P=0.03)was upregulated in the placentome of NCG-supplemented cows.In addition,17 metabolites were significantly different in the placentome of NCG-supplemented cows compared to non-supplemented cows,and these metabolites are mainly involved in arginine and proline metabolism,alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism,and citrate cycle.In summary,the increased body weight of newborn calves from the NCG supplemented dairy cows maybe attributed to the increased angiogenesis and uteroplacental nutrient transport and to the activated mTOR signal pathway,which may result in the increased nutrient supply to the fetus,and improved AA metabolism and urea cycle of the fetus. | Fengfei Gu Luyi Jiang Linyu Xie Diming Wang Fengqi Zhao Jianxin Liu | 2021 | Animal Nutrition2021，，4： | 0 |
| 2 | Age-and Microbiota-Dependent Cell Stemness Plasticity Revealed by Cattle Cell Landscape显示文摘Newborn ruminants are considered functionally monogastric animals.The poor understanding of cellular differences between newborn and mature ruminants prevents the improvement of health and performance of domestic ruminants.Here,we performed the single-cell RNA sequencing on the rumen,reticulum,omasum,abomasum,duodenum,jejunum,ileum,cecum,colon,rectum,liver,salivary gland,and mammary gland from newborn and adult cattle.A comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic atlas covering 235,941 high-quality single cells and 78 cell types was deciphered.A Cattle Cell Landscape database(http://gffzzda05aa6fcf0f4229h9bunnv0xwcpw6kcx.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn)was established to elaborately display the data and facilitate effective annotation of cattle cell types and subtypes for the broad research community.By measuring stemness states of epithelial cells in each tissue type,we revealed that the epithelial cells from newborn forestomach(rumen,reticulum,and omasum)were more transcriptionally indistinct and stochastic compared with the adult stage,which was in contrast to those of abomasum and intestinal tissues.The rapid forestomach development during the early life of calves was driven by epithelial progenitor-like cells with high DNA repair activities and methylation.Moreover,in the forestomach tissues of newborn calves,the Megasphaera genus was involved in regulating the transcriptional plasticity of the epithelial progenitor-like cells by DNA methylation regulation.A novel cell type,the STOML3+cell,was found to be newborn-specific.It apparently plays a crucial role in stemness maintenance of its own and cholangiocytes in the hepatic microenvironment.Our results reveal that the age-and microbiota-dependent cell stemness plasticity drives the postnatal functional maturity of ruminants. | Jia-Jin Wu Senlin Zhu Yi-Fan Tang Fengfei Gu Teresa GValencak Jian-Xin Liu Hui-Zeng Sun | 2023 | Research2023，，3： | 0 |
| 3 | Blood neutrophil extracellular traps:a novel target for the assessment of mammary health in transition dairy cows显示文摘Background:Mammary health is important for transition dairy cows and has been well recognized to exert decisive effects on animal welfare.However,the factors influencing mammary health are still unclear.Differential somatic cell count(DSCC)could reflect the mastitis risk since it is the percentage of neutrophils plus lymphocytes in total somatic cells and could be reflective of mammary health of dairy cows.This work aimed to investigate the assessment and prognosis of the health of transition cows based on blood neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs).Results:Eighty-four transition Holstein dairy cows were selected.The serum was sampled in all the animals at week 1 pre-and postpartum,and milk was sampled at week 1 postpartum.Based on the DSCC in milk at week 1,cows with lower(7.4%±4.07%,n=15)and higher(83.3%±1.21%,n=15)DSCCs were selected.High DSCC cows had higher levels of red blood cell counts(P<0.05),hemoglobin(P=0.07),and hematocrit(P=0.05),higher concentrations of serum oxidative variables[reactive oxygen species(P<0.05),malondialdehyde(P<0.05),protein carbonyl(P<0.05),and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine(P=0.07)],higher levels of serum and milk NETs(P<0.05)and blood-milk barrier indicators,including serumβ-casein(P=0.05)and milk immunoglobulin G2(P=0.09),than those of low DSCC cows.In addition,lower concentrations of serum nutrient metabolites(cholesterol and albumin)(P<0.05)and a lower level of serum deoxyribonuclease I(P=0.09)were observed in high DSCC cows than in low DSCC cows.Among the assessments performed using levels of the three prepartum serum parameters(NETs,deoxyribonuclease I andβ-casein),the area under the curve(0.973)of NETs was the highest.In addition,the sensitivity(1.00)and specificity(0.93)were observed for the discrimination of these cows using NETs levels with a critical value of 32.2 ng/mL(P<0.05).Conclusions:The formation of NETs in blood in transition dairy cows may damage the integrity of the blood-milk barrier and thereby increase the risk for mastitis in postpartum cows. | Luyi Jiang Huizeng Sun Fengfei Gu Jin He Fengqi Zhao Jianxin Liu | 2023 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2023，14，3： | 0 |
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