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| 1 | 气候变化对中国农业生产的影响显示文摘根据 1 958~ 1 997年中国 31 0个气象站的月平均最高、最低气温 ,月平均降水量 ,日照时数等气象参数分析了中国气候的背景特征。用 3个大气环流模型 ,即 Had CM2、 CGCM1、ECHAM4来模拟未来中国气候变化的情景。同时 ,建立未来气候变化的 6种方案。最后 ,根据3个 GCMs模拟的结果 ,利用国际应用系统分析研究所 (IIASA)发展并改进的农业生态地带模型 (AEZ)评估气候变化对中国农业生产的影响。评估主要集中于气候变化对不同区域复种指数、可耕种土地面积、潜在粮食产量及其土地生产潜力的影响。 | 唐国平 李秀彬 Guenther Fischer Sylvia Prieler | 2000 | 地理学报2000，55，2： | 186 |
| 2 | 乳腺癌患者的心身症状与生活质量显示文摘目的:探讨乳腺癌患者抑郁、焦虑的心理症状与躯体症状之间的关系,心身症状与生活质量的关系以及心身症状和生活质量与患者所接受过的治疗和生存期的关系。方法:本研究采用横断面设计,对北京市315例符合入组标准的乳腺癌患者进行调查,所使用的调查工具包括病人健康问卷(PHQ-15)、病人健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)及癌症患者生命质量测定量表(QLQ-C30),并对255份有效数据进行了分析。结果:乳腺癌患者躯体症状的严重程度与抑郁、焦虑均呈正相关(r=0.44,0.56;均P<0.01);在重度躯体症状的患者中,抑郁的发生率为42.3%,焦虑的发生率为50%;抑郁、焦虑与乳腺癌患者总体健康状况相关(β=-0.22,-0.30;均P<0.01);接受化疗的患者其躯体症状和抑郁、焦虑得分高于未接受化疗的患者[(9.0±5.0)vs.(6.0±4.1),(8.3±6.0)vs.(4.0±3.5),(5.4±5.0)vs.(3.1±3.7);均P<0.01];生存期5年以上的乳腺癌患者只有焦虑分数低于5年以内的患者[(5.8±5.0)vs.(4.3±4.5),P<0.05],在躯体症状、抑郁和生活质量方面差异无统计学意义。结论:乳腺癌患者抑郁、焦虑的心理症状与其躯体症状和总体健康状况相关,接受化疗患者的心身症状和生活质量可能会更差一些,生存期5年以上的患者焦虑水平低于5年以内的患者,但躯体症状、抑郁以及生活质量与生存期的延长未见相关。 | 庞英 FISCHER Irmela KOCH Maike FRITZSCHE Kurt 唐丽丽 | 2013 | 中国心理卫生杂志2013，27，4： | 109 |
| 3 | 气候变化对中国农业气候资源的影响显示文摘气候变化将对我国的农业气候资源产生重要影响,评估其潜在影响可为制定未来农业区域发展和应对气候变化策略提供科学依据。本研究基于区域气候模式PRECIS在IPCC SRES A2和B2情景下21世纪末期(2071年-2100年)的气候预估数据,利用农业生态地带模型AEZ(Argo-ecological Zones)模拟气候变化对我国农业气候资源的可能影响。结果表明,在两种气候变化情景下,我国稳定≥10℃积温所反映的热量条件显著改善,由积温所反映出的种植制度也发生明显变化,各种植带界限明显北移。由于气温的升高,导致参考作物蒸散普遍增加。降水的增加使得西北地区干旱状况有所改善,生长期延长。我国东南部的中、南亚热带地区则由于降水过多而使得生长期有所缩短。 | 汤绪 杨续超 田展 Gnter Fischer 潘婕 | 2011 | 资源科学2011，33，10： | 59 |
| 4 | 欧洲呼吸病学会/美国胸科学会官方研究共识:自身免疫特征的间质性肺炎显示文摘在临床工作中,有一类患者被诊断为特发性间质性肺炎(idiopathic interstitial pneumonia,IIP),值得注意的是,实际上这类患者与真正的IIP有所差异,他们除了间质性肺炎的表现外,还具备一些或临床特征、或血清学特征、或影像学特征提示其存在潜在的自身免疫性紊乱,但这些表现又不足以达到某些已知结缔组织病(connective tisslie disease,CTD)的既定诊断标准。 | 宋宁 段林 Fischer A Antoniou KM Brown KK | 2015 | 临床荟萃2015，30，10： | 41 |
| 5 | LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION PLANNING UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES显示文摘In this paper we demonstrate the need for risk-adjusted approaches to planning expansion of livestock production. In particular, we illustrate that under exposure to risk, a portfolio of producers is needed where more efficient producers co-exist and cooperate with less efficient ones given that the latter are associated with lower, uncorrelated or even negatively correlated contingencies. This raises important issues of cooperation and risk sharing among diverse producers. For large-scale practical allocation problems when information on the contingencies may be disperse, not analytically tractable, or be available on aggregate levels, we propose a downscaling procedure based on behavioral principles utilizing spatial risk preference structure. It allows for estimation of production allocation at required resolutions accounting for location specific risks and suitability constraints. The approach provides a tool for harmonization of data from various spatial levels. We applied the method in a case study of livestock production allocation in China to 2030. | Günther FISCHER Tatiana ERMOLIEVA Yuri ERMOLIEV Harrij van VELTHUIZEN | 2006 | Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering2006，15，4： | 31 |
| 6 | 超硫酸盐水泥在德国的研究与应用显示文摘超硫酸盐水泥以其节能减排的优势,成为各国水泥企业和研究工作者关注的对象。本文在综述国内外超硫酸盐水泥研究现状的基础上,结合德国实地考察情况,对超硫酸盐水泥在德国的研究应用状况做了相应的介绍,并对超硫酸盐水泥存在的问题进行了分析,以期为我国超疏酸盐水泥的研究和应用提供参考。 | 赵青林 周明凯 Hans-Bertram Fischer Jochen Stark | 2008 | 新世纪水泥导报2008，14，6： | 26 |
| 7 | On the combined effect of soil fertility and topography on tree growth in subtropical forest ecosystems—a study from SE China显示文摘Aims The aim of our research was to understand small-scale effects of topography and soil fertility on tree growth in a forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning(BEF)experiment in subtropical SE China.Methods Geomorphometric terrain analyses were carried out at a spatial resolution of 5×5 m.Soil samples of different depth increments and data on tree height were collected from a total of 566 plots(667 m2 each).The soils were analyzed for carbon(soil organic carbon[SOC]),nitrogen,acidity,cation exchange capacity(CEC),exchangeable cations and base saturation as soil fertility attributes.All plots were classified into geomorphological units.Analyses of variance and linear regressions were applied to all terrain,soil fertility and tree growth attributes.Important Findings In general,young and shallow soils and relatively small differences in stable soil properties suggest that soil erosion has truncated the soils to a large extent over the whole area of the experiment.This explains the concurrently increasing CEC and SOC stocks downslope,in hollows and in valleys.However,colluvial,carbon-rich sediments are missing widely due to the convexity of the footslopes caused by uplift and removal of eroded sediments by adjacent waterways.The results showed that soil fertility is mainly influenced by topography.Monte-Carlo flow accumulation(MCCA),curvature,slope and aspect significantly affected soil fertility.Furthermore,soil fertility was affected by the different geomorphological positions on the experimental sites with ridge and spur positions showing lower exchangeable base cation contents,especially potassium(K),due to leaching.This geomorphological effect of soil fertility is most pronounced in the topsoil and decreases when considering the subsoil down to 50 cm depth.Few soil fertility attributes affect tree height after 1-2 years of growth,among which C stocks proved to be most important while pH_(KCl)and CEC only played minor roles.Nevertheless,soil acidity and a high proportion of Al on the exchange complex affected tree height even after only 1-2 years growth.Hence,our study showed that forest nutrition is coupled to a recycling of litter nutrients,and does not only depend on subsequent supply of nutrients from the mineral soil.Besides soil fertility,topography affected tree height.We found that especially MCCA as indicator of water availability affected tree growth at small-scale,as well as aspect.Overall,our synthesis on the interrelation between fertility,topography and tree growth in a subtropical forest ecosystem in SE China showed that topographic heterogeneity lead to ecological gradients across geomorphological positions.In this respect,small-scale soil-plant interactions in a young forest can serve as a driver for the future development of vegetation and biodiversity control on soil fertility.In addition,it shows that terrain attributes should be accounted for in ecological research. | Thomas Scholten Philipp Goebes Peter Kühn Steffen Seitz Thorsten Assmann Jürgen Bauhus Helge Bruelheide Francois Buscot Alexandra Erfmeier Markus Fischer Werner Härdtle Jin-Sheng He Keping Ma Pascal A.Niklaus Michael Scherer-Lorenzen Bernhard Schmid Xuezheng Shi Zhengshan Song Goddert von Oheimb Christian Wirth Tesfaye Wubet Karsten Schmidt | 2017 | Journal of Plant Ecology2017，10，1： | 22 |
| 8 | 1961—2010年松花江流域实际蒸散发时空变化及影响要素分析显示文摘采用1961—2010年松花江流域60个气象站逐日资料,基于平流-干旱模型(AA模型)计算并分析了流域实际蒸散发时空变化特征,采用相关分析方法研究了影响实际蒸散发变化的主要气象要素。结果表明,1961—2010年,松花江流域年均实际蒸散发为420.8 mn,总体呈现增加趋势,增加速率为4.9 mm/10a,呈'减-增-减-增'年代际波动变化。季节上,春、冬两季实际蒸散发增加趋势较明显,夏、秋两季则呈现与年实际蒸散发类似的年代际波动。春、夏、秋三季和年实际蒸散发的空间分布特征基本一致,高值主要出现在流域南部,低值区主要分布在流域西部。冬季绝大部分区域的实际蒸散发呈现微弱上升趋势。1961-2010年,松花江流域年和四季的平均气温、最高气温和最低气温都呈上升趋势,其中平均气温和最低气温上升显著,日照时数和风速大都呈现显著下降趋势。相关分析结果表明,松花江流域实际蒸散发的时空变化是各气象要素共同影响的结果,而且各气象要素在不同时期对实际蒸散发的影响是有差异的。总体上看,松花江流域实际蒸散发的增加主要是由平均气温,特别是最低气温的增加引起,特别在春、冬季体现得较为明显。夏、秋季节,影响实际蒸散发的要素包括气温日较差、实际水汽压、平均风速及降水量等气象要素,但夏、秋季节这些要素的多年变化趋势不明显,导致夏、秋实际蒸散发的总体变化趋势并不明显。 | 温姗姗 姜彤 李修仓 王腾飞 王艳君 Thomas Fischer | 2014 | 气候变化研究进展2014，10，2： | 21 |
| 9 | Current concept on the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease-crosstalk between genetic and microbial factors:Pathogenic bacteria and altered bacterial sensing or changes in mucosal integrity take'toll'?显示文摘煽动性的肠疾病(IBD ) 的致病仅仅部分被理解。各种各样环境并且主人(例如基因 -- ,上皮 -- ,有免疫力、非有免疫力) 因素被包含。它是有可能的基因异质的多因素的复合基因疾病。一些基因自己与 IBD 被联系,当其它增加 ulcerative (UC ) 或 Crohn 的疾病(CD ) 的风险或与疾病地点或行为被联系时。这评论在 IBD 的遗传探讨最近的进展。文章在在微生物引起、基因的因素之间的串音上讨论当前的信息(例如 NOD2/CARD15, SLC22A46A5 和 DLG5 ) 。在理解 IBD 和罐头的致病在最近的年帮助获得的基因数据为治疗学的干预识别很多个潜在的目标。以后,遗传可以更精确地帮助在 IBD 诊断并且预言疾病路线。 | Peter Laszlo Lakatos Simon Fischer Janos Papp Laszlo Lakatos Istvan Gal | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，12： | 18 |
| 10 | 基于AEZ模型的我国农区小麦生产潜力分析显示文摘根据联合国粮农组织(FAO)和国际应用系统分析研究所(IIASA)基于中国1961~1997年的统计资料(经多方校正)共同开发的AEZ模型,运用GIS平台计算了中国41个农作制亚区的小麦生产潜力,并指出了单产最高潜力分布区域。研究结果表明,我国小麦的最高产量潜力约为目前产量的2~3倍。这对我国小麦高产育种及栽培具有重要意义。 | 蔡承智 Harrij van Velthuizen Guenther Fischer Sylvia Prieler | 2007 | 中国生态农业学报2007，15，5： | 18 |
| 11 | RNAi,a new therapeutic strategy against viral infection显示文摘RNA interference (RNAi) is an adaptive defense mechanism triggered by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). It is a powerful reverse genetic tool that has been widely employed to silence gene expression in mammalian and human cells.RNAi-based gene therapies, especially in viral diseases have become more and more interesting and promising. Recently,small interfering RNA (siRNA) can be used to protect host from viral infection, inhibit the expression of viral antigen and accessory genes, control the transcription and replication of viral genome, hinder the assembly of viral particles, and display influences in virus-host interactions. In this review, we attempt to present recent progresses of this breakthrough technology in the above fields and summarize the possibilities of siRNA-based drugs. | Fischer L.TAN James Q.YIN | 2004 | Cell Research2004，14，6： | 15 |
| 12 | 肌筋膜痛综合征基于脊髓节段性敏感的诊断和治疗(一)显示文摘 | Bryan O Young Hy Dubo Andrew A. Fischer 谢斌 王宁华 李建军 | 2009 | 中国康复理论与实践2009，15，6： | 15 |
| 13 | 1984-2014年影响中国热带气旋的经济损失标准化及其变化特征显示文摘根据1984—2014年中国热带气旋损失数据和社会经济统计资料,采用居民消费者物价指数方法(consumer price index,CPI)、常规标准化方法 (conventional normalization method,CNM)和替代标准化方法(Alternative Normalization Method,ANM)对影响中国的气旋的直接经济损失进行标准化处理,对比研究了原始的和CPI、CNM、ANM等三种标准化的灾害损失时空特征。研究结果表明:(1)原始损失值有利于与同年其他灾种损失进行对比以及数据的逐年延长更新,而标准化后的损失值有利于长时间序列的时空比较研究,其中,CPI方法计算简单,易于推广,可用于中国灾害损失的数据处理与分析汇总,而在人口和财富快速增长的地区,CNM和ANM方法有利于体现人口和财富对损失的影响,在长时间序列的时空比较研究方面更具优势;(2)1984—2014年,共有243个影响气旋影响中国大陆的22个省(区、市),气旋频数多年来没有显著变化趋势,但未登陆的影响气旋和台风(TY)强度及以上等级的影响气旋频数多年来皆呈明显增加趋势;(3)1984—2014年影响气旋所造成的直接经济损失在原始的和经CPI标准化后的序列中均呈显著增加趋势,而经CNM和ANM标准化后的序列则无明显趋势,原始序列中最高损失年是2013年,CPI、CNM和ANM标准化后损失序列在1996年达到最高值后经历了由高到低的突变,原始的以及三种标准化后的损失序列均存在2~3年的周期振荡,浙江、广东和福建省始终是直接经济损失最高的三个省份;(4)在对中国大陆造成最高直接经济损失的十个影响气旋中,1996年的'赫伯'(Herb)始终位居首位,而其他影响气旋的排序位次因标准化与否以及标准化方法的不同而有明显差异。 | 温姗姗 翟建青 THOMAS Fischer 苏布达 姜彤 王艳君 | 2017 | 热带气象学报2017，33，4： | 14 |
| 14 | 基于AEZ模型我国农作制区划的玉米产量潜力分析显示文摘根据联合国粮农组织(FAO)和国际应用系统分析研究所(IIASA)基于中国1961￣1997的统计资料(经多方校正)共同开发的AEZ模型,运用GIS平台计算了中国41个农作制亚区的玉米生产潜力,并指出了单产最高潜力分布区域。研究结果表明:我国玉米的最高产量潜力大约是目前产量的2.5倍,这对我国玉米高产育种及栽培具有重要参考意义。 | 蔡承智 Harrij van Velthuizen Guenther Fischer Sylvia Prieler | 2006 | 玉米科学2006，14，4： | 14 |
| 15 | 地形、邻株植物及自身大小对红楠幼树生长与存活的影响显示文摘在山地森林中,树木生长不仅受地形的影响,也与邻株植物存在各种相互作用,而且具有个体大小依赖性。然而这些影响都具有物种特异性,即不同物种即使在同类地形或与同种植物相邻也会受到不同乃至相反的影响。此外,不同物种个体生长的自身大小依赖性也存在差异。作者利用中欧合作项目'中国亚热带森林生物多样性与生态系统功能实验研究(BEF)'实验样地,以渐危的常绿阔叶木本植物红楠(Machilus thunbergii)为研究对象,连续两年观测了存活的1,452株红楠幼树基径和树高,分析坡向和坡度等地形、邻株植物丰富度及其功能群组成、红楠自身大小对红楠幼树生长和存活率的影响。结果表明:(1)红楠幼树位于阴坡时比位于阳坡具有更高的生长速率和存活率,而坡度只对树高生长量有显著影响;(2)邻株植物物种丰富度对红楠幼树的基径、树高和存活率影响不显著;(3)邻株植物功能类型对红楠幼树生长具有极显著的影响,影响程度大小依次为落叶阔叶型>落叶阔叶与常绿阔叶的混交型>常绿阔叶型>常绿针叶型,而对存活率无显著影响;(4)红楠幼树的生长与自身大小呈正相关幂函数关系,即基径和树高的生长速率都会随着其自身大小的增加而增加。可见,构建树木生长模型,不仅要考虑地形等环境因子差异,而且要充分考虑邻株植物的功能类群差异、邻株植物相互作用的性质和程度,以及自身个体大小等因素,为渐危和濒危树种的保护提供更为可靠的理论依据。 | 童跃伟 项文化 王正文 Walter Durka Markus Fischer | 2013 | 生物多样性2013，21，3： | 14 |
| 16 | 缺血性脑卒中和出血性脑卒中患者发病前后血压的变化显示文摘《中国高血压防治指南2010》指出,急性脑卒中的血压处理缺乏足够的临床试验证据,参考建议如下:急性脑卒中溶栓前血压应控制在<185/110mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa)。对急性缺血性脑卒中发病24h内血压升高的患者应谨慎处理,收缩压≥180mm Hg或舒张压≥100mm Hg或伴有严重心功能不全、主动脉夹层、高血压脑病者,一般不予降压。降压的合理目标是24h内血压降低约15%。有高血压病史且正在服用降压药物者,如神经功能平稳,可于脑卒中发病后24h开始使用降压药物。因此,了解脑卒中患者发病前后的血压情况对临床治疗有重要的意义。Fischer等研究者探讨缺血性脑卒中和出血性脑卒中患者发病前后血压的变化情况。结果表明,缺血性脑卒中患者发病后首次测量的收缩压低于出血性脑卒中。与发病前比较,缺血性脑卒中发病后收缩压略升高(约10.6mm Hg),24h内轻度降低(约13.6mm Hg);而出血性脑卒中发病后,收缩压明显升高(约40.7mm Hg),24h内明显下降(约41.1mm Hg)。出血性脑卒中发病前几天及几周的平均收缩压逐渐增加,而缺血性脑卒中无明显变化。出血性脑卒中患者发病3h内的最高收缩压比发病前高50.0 mm Hg,而缺血性脑卒中则低5.2mm Hg。综上所述,与发病前比较,出血性脑卒中发病后收缩压升高,而缺血性脑卒中无明显变化。 | Fischer U Cooney MT Bull LM Silver LE Chalmers J Anderson CS Mehta Z Rothwell PM 林东杰 叶鹏 | 2014 | 中华高血压杂志2014，22，4： | 13 |
| 17 | 在有分散的胃的息肉的病人的 colorectal 息肉的风险: 盒子控制研究显示文摘 AIM:To assess the risk of colonic polyps,adenomas and advanced neoplastic lesions(ANL) in patients with sporadic gastric polyps,especially those with fundic gland polyps(FGP).METHODS:Clinical records of patients who had performed an upper and a lower digestive endoscopy between September 2007 and August 2008 were retrospectively analyzed.A case-control study was carried out,calling patients with gastric polyps as 'cases' and patients without gastric polyps as 'controls'.The risk of colonic polyps,adenomas and ANL(villous component ≥ 25%,size ≥ 10 mm,or high grade dysplasia) was assessed [odds ratio(OR) and its corresponding 95%CI].RESULTS:Two hundred and forty seven patients were analyzed:78 with gastric polyps(cases) and 169 without gastric polyps(controls).Among the cases,the majority of gastric polyps were FGP(80%,CI:69-88) and hyperplastic(20%,CI:12-31);25% had colonic polyps(25% hyperplastic and 68% adenomas,from which 45% were ANL).Among the controls,20% had colonic polyps(31% hyperplastic and 63% adenomas,from which 41% were ANL).The patients with sporadic FGP had an OR of 1.56(CI:0.80-3.04) for colonic polyps,an OR of 1.78(CI:0.82-3.84) for colonic adenomas,and an OR of 0.80(CI:0.21-2.98) for ANL.Similar results were found in patients with gastric polyps in general.CONCLUSION:The results of this study did not show more risk of colorectal adenomas or ANL neither in patients with sporadic gastric polyps nor in those with FGP. | Daniel Gustavo Cimmino José Manuel Mella Pablo Luna Raquel González Lisandro Pereyra Carolina Fischer Adriana Mohaidle Beatriz Vizcaino Mario Andres Medrano Adrián Hadad Silvia Pedreira Luis Boerr | 2013 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2013，5，5： | 12 |
| 18 | Opposing intraspecific vs.interspecific diversity effects on herbivory and growth in subtropical experimental tree assemblages显示文摘Aims Positive plant diversity-ecosystem function relations are ultimately driven by variation in functional traits among individuals that form a community.To date,research has largely focused on the role of species diversity for ecosystem functioning.However,substantial intraspecific trait variation is common and a significant part of this variation caused by genetic differences among individuals.Here,we studied the relative importance of species diversity and seed family(SF)diversity within species for growth and herbivory in experimental subtropical tree assemblages.Methods In 2010,we set up a field experiment in subtropical China,using four species from the local species pool.Trees were raised from seeds,with seeds from the same mother tree forming an SF.We established 23 plots containing one or four species(species diversity treatment)and one or four SFs per species(SF diversity treatment).Tree growth(stem diameter,plant height and crown expansion)and herbivory(percentage leaf loss due to leaf chewers)were monitored annually from 2011 to 2013.Important findings Tree species richness promoted growth but had no effect on herbivory.In contrast,SF diversity reduced growth and increased herbivory but only so in species mixtures.Most of the observed effects were time dependent,with the largest effect found in 2013.Our results suggest that biodiversity can affect plant performance directly via tree species-species interactions,or context dependent,via potential effects on inter-trophic interactions.Two important conclusions should be drawn from our findings.Firstly,in future studies regarding biodiversity and ecosystem functioning(BEF)relationships,intraspecific genetic diversity should be given similar weight as species diversity as it has often been neglected and its effects are not well understood.Secondly,we demonstrate opposite effects of biodiversity among and within species,stressing the importance to consider the effects of multiple levels of biodiversity simultaneously. | Christoph Z.Hahn Pascal A.Niklaus Helge Bruelheide Stefan G.Michalski Miaomiao Shi Xuefei Yang Xueqin Zeng Markus Fischer Walter Durka | 2017 | Journal of Plant Ecology2017，10，1： | 11 |
| 19 | First-line endoscopic treatment with over-the-scope clips significantly improves the primary failure and rebleeding rates in high-risk gastrointestinal bleeding: A single-center experience with 100 cases显示文摘AIM To evaluate rebleeding, primary failure(PF) and mortality of patients in whom over-the-scope clips(OTSCs) were used as first-line and second-line endoscopic treatment(FLET, SLET) of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding(UGIB, LGIB).METHODS A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database identified all patients with UGIB and LGIB in a tertiary endoscopic referral center of the University of Freiburg, Germany, from 04-2012 to 05-2016(n= 93) who underwent FLET and SLET with OTSCs. The complete Rockall risk scores were calculated from patients with UGIB. The scores were categorized as < or ≥ 7 and were compared with the original Rockall data. Differences between FLET and SLET were calculated. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to evaluate the factors that influenced rebleeding after OTSC placement.RESULTS Primary hemostasis and clinical success of bleeding lesions(without rebleeding) was achieved in 88/100(88%) and 78/100(78%), respectively. PF was significantly lower when OTSCs were applied as FLET compared to SLET(4.9% vs 23%, P = 0.008). In multivariate analysis, patients who had OTSC placement as SLET had a significantly higher rebleeding risk compared to those who had FLET(OR 5.3; P = 0.008). Patients with Rockall risk scores ≥ 7 had a significantly higher in-hospital mortality compared to those with scores < 7(35% vs 10%, P = 0.034). No significant differences were observed in patients with scores < or ≥ 7 in rebleeding and rebleeding-associated mortality.CONCLUSION Our data show for the first time that FLET with OTSC might be the best predictor to successfully prevent rebleeding of gastrointestinal bleeding compared to SLET. The type of treatment determines the success of primary hemostasis or primary failure. | Hans-Jürgen Richter-Schrag Torben Glatz Christine Walker Andreas Fischer Robert Thimme | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，41： | 11 |
| 20 | Hepatitis C virus infection and apoptosis显示文摘Apoptosis is central for the control and elimination of viral infections. In chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, enhanced hepatocyte apoptosis and upregulation of the death inducing ligands CD95/Fas, TRAIL and TNFα occur. Nevertheless, HCV infection persists in the majority of patients. The impact of apoptosis in chronic HCV infection is not well understood. It may be harmful by triggering liver fibrosis, or essential in interferon (IFN) induced HCV elimination. For virtually all HCV proteins, pro- and anti-apoptotic effects have been described, especially for the core and NS5A protein. To date, it is not known which HCV protein affects apoptosis in vivo and whether the infectious virions act pro- or anti- apoptotic. With the availability of an infectious tissue culture system, we now can address pathophysiologically relevant issues. This review focuses on the effect of HCV infection and different HCV proteins on apoptosis and of the corresponding signaling cascades. | Richard Fischer Thomas Baumert Hubert E Blum | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，36： | 10 |
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