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| 1 | Technical framework for Internetware: An architecture centric approach显示文摘Being a new software paradigm evolved by the Internet, Internetware brings many challenges to the traditional software methods and techniques. Sponsored by the national basic research program (973), researchers in China have developed an architecture centric technical framework for the definition, incarnation and engineering of Internetware. First of all, a software model for Internetware is defined for what to be, including that Internetware entities should be packaged as components, behaving as agents, interoperating as services, collaborating in a structured and on demand manner, etc. Secondly, a middleware for Internetware is designed and implemented for how to be, including that Internetware entities are incarnated by runtime containers, structured collaborations are enabled by runtime software architecture, Internetware can be managed in a reflective and autonomic manner, etc. Thirdly, an engineering methodology for Internetware is proposed for how to do, including the way to develop Internetware entities and their collaborations by transforming and refining a set of software architectures which cover all the phases of software lifecycle, the way to identify and organize the disordered software assets by domain modeling, etc. | YANG FuQing1,2, Lü Jian3,4 & MEI Hong1,2 1 Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China 2 School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 3 State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing 210093, China 4 Department of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China | 2008 | Science in China(Series F)2008，51，6： | 33 |
| 2 | Permeability analysis of fractured vuggy porous media based on homogenization theory显示文摘Based on the characteristics of fractured vuggy porous media,a novel mathematical model was proposed to model fluid flow in such media on fine scale,i.e.,the discrete fracture-vug network model.The new model consists of three systems:porous rock system,fracture system,and vug system.The fractures and vugs are embedded in porous rock,and the isolated vugs could be connected via the discrete fracture network.The flow in porous rock and fractures follows Darcy's law,and the vugs system is free fluid region.Using a two-scale homogenization limit theory,we obtained a macroscopic Darcy's law governing the media on coarse scale.The theoretical formula of the equivalent permeability of the fractured vuggy porous media was derived.The model and method of this paper were verified by some numerical examples.At the end the permeability of some fractured vuggy porous media with typical fracture-vug structures was analyzed. | HUANG ZhaoQin,YAO Jun,LI YaJun,WANG ChenChen&LüXinRui College of Petroleum Engineering,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao 266555,China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，3： | 22 |
| 3 | Periodicity and map for discovery of new ionic liquids显示文摘There is virtually no limit in the number of ionic liquids. How to select proper ones or discover new ones with desirable properties in such a large pool of ionic liquids? It has become a bottleneck in the researches and applications of ionic liquids. Mendeleev’s periodic law states that the properties of the elements vary periodically. Whether the similar regularity exists among ionic or mo-lecular fragments of compounds is an interesting topic. In this work, we attempted to establish a pe-riodicity and draw a “map” of ionic liquids for providing definite guidance to discover, design, and se-lect the proper ionic liquids rather than trial-and-error. If a complete regularity of the system of ionic liquids can be finally established in the future, we are near an epoch in understanding the existing differences and the reasons for the similarity of the ions or molecular fragments. | ZHANG Suojiang, SUN Ning, ZHANG Xiangping & Lü Xingmei Research Laboratory for Green Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China Correspondence should be addressed to Zhang Suojiang | 2006 | Science China Chemistry2006，49，2： | 9 |
| 4 | 镍钛形状记忆合金细胞相容性和生物力学兼容性的改进显示文摘镍钛记忆合金(NiTi)生物材料器件的发展,迫切要求研究和提高其细胞相容性和生物力学性能。依据美国材料测试标准协会(ASTM)的标准,我们研究表明:NiTi的细胞毒性比纯钛、Ti6A14V和316L不锈钢大,在NiTi表面作聚合四氟乙烯高离子(PPTFE)喷涂。可降低NiTi合金的细胞毒性,提高其抗腐蚀力。各种热处理方法可改善其疲劳性能,循环拉伸强度试验可测出其超弹性性能的衰减。 | L’H Yahia S.Lombardi N.Hagemeister G.Drouin C.H. Rivard M .Assad Okuyaman(Biomechanical-Biomaterials Research Group, Biomedical Engineering Institute, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal,Canada)(Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,Hospital St.Justine, Montreal, | 1995 | 医用生物力学1995，10，2： | 9 |
| 5 | Two-dimensional thermoelasticity solution for functionally graded thick beams显示文摘Two-dimensional thermoelasticity analysis of functionally graded thick beams is presented using the state space method coupled with the technique of differential quadrature. Material properties vary continuously and smoothly through the beam thickness, leading to variable coefficients in the state equation derived from the elasticity equations. Approximate laminate model is employed to translate the state equation into the one with constant coefficients in each layer. To avoid numerical instability, joint coupling matrices are introduced according to the continuity conditions at interfaces in the approximate model. The differential quadrature procedure is applied to discretizing the beam in the axial direction to make easy the treatment of arbitrary end conditions. A simply-supported beam with exponentially varying material properties is considered to validate the present method. Numerical examples are performed to investigate the influences of relative parameters. | Lü Chaofeng1, CHEN Weiqiu1 & ZHONG Zheng2 1. Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China 2. Key Laboratory of Solid Mechanics of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Engineering and Ap- plied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China | 2006 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2006，49，4： | 8 |
| 6 | Recent progresses in application of functionalized graphene sheets显示文摘Graphene,a rapidly rising star on the horizon of material science,has a unique two-dimensional nanostructure as well as exceptional mechanical and electronic properties.Despite its short history,graphene has exhibited great potential in various applications.In order to implement the potential applications,functionalization of graphene is necessary to obtain uniform dispersions for good processability.Two kinds are dominant for functionalization such as covalent and non-covalent methods.The former is based on the formation of covalent bonds,and the latter the interaction among molecules.In this review,we summarized briefly the recent progress of functionalized graphene sheets (FGs) in different fields,such as optoelectronic materials,sensors,energy storage materials,catalytic,reinforcing components and so on,and also prospected the development trend of FGs in the future. | Lü Peng,FENG YiYu,ZHANG XueQuan,LI Yu & FENG Wei School of Materials Science and Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，9： | 7 |
| 7 | Dynamic analysis of a flameless combustion model combustor显示文摘Flameless combustion is a new technology with the following advantages:1)Ultra-low emissions of both NOX and CO;2)fuel flexibility,from liquid fuels,natural gas to hydrogen-rich syngas;3)lower possibility of flashback and thermoacoustic oscillations.In this paper,we focus on the dynamic characteristics of a flameless model combustor.Experimental results show that flameless combustion can lower emissions while maintaining combustion stability.However,combining a pilot flame with flameless combustion may excite thermoacoustic instability. | CUI YuFeng 1* ,LüXuan 1,2 ,XU Gang 1 &NIE ChaoQun 1 1 Institute of Engineering Thermophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China 2Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，8： | 5 |
| 8 | Extended multiscale finite element method for mechanical analysis of heterogeneous materials显示文摘An extended multiscale finite element method (EMsFEM) is developed for solving the mechanical problems of heterogeneous materials in elasticity.The underlying idea of the method is to construct numerically the multiscale base functions to capture the small-scale features of the coarse elements in the multiscale finite element analysis.On the basis of our existing work for periodic truss materials, the construction methods of the base functions for continuum heterogeneous materials are systematically introduced. Numerical experiments show that the choice of boundary conditions for the construction of the base functions has a big influence on the accuracy of the multiscale solutions, thus,different kinds of boundary conditions are proposed. The efficiency and accuracy of the developed method are validated and the results with different boundary conditions are verified through extensive numerical examples with both periodic and random heterogeneous micro-structures.Also, a consistency test of the method is performed numerically. The results show that the EMsFEM can effectively obtain the macro response of the heterogeneous structures as well as the response in micro-scale,especially under the periodic boundary conditions. | Hong-Wu Zhang·Jing-Kai Wu·Jun L·Zhen-Dong Fu State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China | 2010 | Acta Mechanica Sinica2010，26，6： | 5 |
| 9 | Research on Abrasives in the Chemical Mechanical Polishing Process for Silicon Nitride Balls显示文摘Silicon nitride (Si 3N 4) has been the main material for balls in ceramic ball bearings, for its lower density, high strength, high hardness, fine thermal stability and anticorrosive, and is widely used in various fields, such as high speed and high temperature areojet engines, precision machine tools and chemical engineer machines. Silicon nitride ceramics is a kind of brittle and hard material that is difficult to machining. In the traditional finishing process of silicon nitride balls, balls are lapped by expensive diamond abrasive. The machining is inefficiency and the cost is high, but also lots of pits, scratch subsurface micro crazes and dislocations will be caused on the surface of the balls, the performance of the ball bearings would be declined seriously. In these year, a kind of new technology known as chemical mechanical polishing is introduced in the ultraprecision machining process of ceramic balls. In this technology, abrasives such as ZrO 2, CeO 2 whose hardness is close to or lower than the work material (Si 3N 4) are used to polishing the balls. In special slurry, these abrasives can chemo-mechanically react with the work material and environment (air or water) to generate softer material (SiO 2). And the resultants will be removed easily at 0.1 nm level. So the surface defects can be minimized, very smooth surface (Ra=4 nm) and fine sphericity (0.15~0.25 μm ) can be obtained, and the machining efficiency is also improved. The action mechanism of the abrasives in the chemical mechanical polishing process in finishing of silicon nitride ball will be introduced in this paper. | YUAN Ju-long, Lü Bing-hai, LIN Xü, JI Shi-ming, ZHANG Li-bin (Mechanical and Electronic Engineering College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China) | 2002 | 厦门大学学报(自然科学版)2002，41，S1： | 5 |
| 10 | Runoff of the upper Yellow River above Tangnag: characteristics, evolution and changing trends显示文摘Runoff and its evolution, based on hydrometeorological data from surface measurement stations, are analyzed for the upper reaches of the Yellow River above Tangnag. Some mathematical statistical models, for example, Period Extrapolation-Gradual Regression Model, Grey Topology Forecast Model and Box-Jinkins Model, are applied in predicting changing trends on the runoff. The analysis indicates that the runoff volume in the upper Yellow River above Tangnag is ending a period of extended minimum flows. Increasing runoff is expected in the coming years. | LAN Yong-chao1, KANG Er-si1, MA Quan-jie2, ZHANG Ji-shi1, CHEN Ren-sheng1 (1. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China 2. Hydrology and Water Resources Bureau of the Upper Yellow River Basin, L | 2001 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2001，11，3： | 5 |
| 11 | Suspended sediment flux of river:Wavelet analysis in the Panlong basin of the Upper Red River (Honghe River),China显示文摘这份报纸把小浪分析用于检验变化趋势,多时间规模变化,在上面的红河的 Panlong 盆的推迟的沉积流动(SSF ) 的周期、突然的变化特征,中国。结果显示 SSF 从 1951 ~ 1997 增加了,但是自从 1998,衰退了。SSF 的变化把多时间规模特征和变化在不同时间时期改变了。三周期的时间规模, 4, 7 和 22 年,被决定。22 年的周期的时间规模,是在三次规模之中的最明显的,通过整个研究时期延长了,而第 4-a 7 年的时间规模在某些时间时期仅仅是明显的。分别地有 27 次越过 4 年的时间规模,越过 7 年的时间规模的 16 次和越过 22 年的时间规模的 5 次的突然的变化。根据统计的聚会和气候数据分析,我们断定人的活动是导致了多时间规模的 SSF,而是特征的变化趋势的主要原因,周期、突然的变化被气候变化主要影响。 | DING WenRong~(1,2+) ZHOU Yue~(1,3) L XiXi~4 1 The Faculty of Environment Science and Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China 2 College of Tourism and Geography Science,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650092,China 3 Yunnan University of Finance and Economics,Kunming 650221,China 4 Department of Geography,National University of Singapore 119260,Singapore | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，A02： | 4 |
| 12 | Algorithm of simulation time synchronization over large-scale nodes显示文摘In distributed simulation,there is no uniform physical clock. And delay cannot be estimated because of jitter. So simulation time synchronization is essential for the event consistency among nodes. This paper investigates time synchronization algorithms over large-scale distributed nodes,analyzes LBTS(lower bound time stamp) computation model described in IEEE HLA standard,and then presents a grouped LBTS model. In fact,there is a default premise for existing algorithms that control packets must be delivered via reliable transportation. Although,a theorem of time synchronization message's reliability is proposed,which proves that only those control messages that constrain time advance need reliability. It breaks out the default premise for reliability. Then multicast is introduced into the transmission of control messages,and algorithm MCTS(multi-node coordination time synchronization) is proposed based on multicast. MCTS not only promotes the time advance efficiency,but also reduces the occupied network bandwidth. Experiment results demonstrate that the algorithm is better than others in both time advance speed and occupied network bandwidth. Its time advance speed is about 50 times per second when there are 1000 nodes,approximately equal to that of similar systems when there are 100 nodes. | ZHAO QinPing1,2,ZHOU Zhong1,2 & Lü Fang1,2 1 State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems,Beihang University,Beijing 100083,China 2 School of Computer Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100083,China | 2008 | Science in China(Series F)2008，51，9： | 4 |
| 13 | THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL MODELINGOF COHESIVE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT BY TIDAL CURRENTIN PEARL RIVER ESTUARV显示文摘A three-dimensional numerical model of suspended sediment transport taking into account the effects of cohesiveness between sediments is presented. An efficient operator splitting scheme is employed to solve the equations of mass conservation, momentum and suspended sediment transport. The splitting method partitions a time step into three fractional time steps according to physical phenomena. In the first step, advection and Coriolis force are solved by Eulerian-Lagrangian method (ELM). Horizontal diffusion is approximated by implicit finite element method (FEM) for each horizontal layer in the second step. In the last step, vertical diffusion and pressure gradient are discretized by implicit finite difference method (FDM) for each nodal column. The continuity equation is solved by implicit FEM within an entire time step. The sigma coordinate system for vertical columns and nine-node isoparameteric finite elements for horizontal planes are employed in the model. Empirical functions specifically developed for cohesive sediments in China have been incorporated into the model. The model has been applied to investigate the suspended sediment concentration and seabed evolution in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) in China. Computed results show that the distribution of sediment concentration and seabed evolution is in agreement with field measurements. In addition, the effect of the size of time step on result is discussed. The computed result shows that larger time steps can be used in this model for saving computation time without losing much accuracy. | Yong CHEN1, Onyx W.H. WAI2, Y. S. Li3 and Qimiao LU4 (l 2,3 Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 4,Department of Civil Engineering, Daltech, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Can | 1999 | International Journal of Sediment Research1999，14，2： | 4 |
| 14 | A mechanism for enhanced photocatalytic activity of nano-size silver particle modified titanium dioxide thin films显示文摘Ag-TiO2 nanostructured thin films with silver volume fraction of 0–20% were deposited on silicon and quartz substrates by RF magnetron sputtering and annealed in ambient air at 950°C for 1 h. The phase structure and surface topography of the films were characterized by X-ray diffractometer and transmission electron microscope. Photocatalytic activity of the films was evaluated by light induced degradation of methyl orange (C14H14N3NaO3S) solution using a high pressure mercury lamp as lamp-house. The relation of photocatalytic activity and silver content was studied in detail. It was found that silver content influences phase structure of TiO2 thin films, and silver in the films is metallic Ag (Ag0). With increasing silver content from 0 to 20 vol%, photocatalytic activity of the films increases first and then decreases. A suitable amount (2.5–5 vol%) silver addition can significantly enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 films. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was mainly attributed to the extension of visible light absorption region of the films, the presence of anatase phase, the increase of oxy-gen anion radicals O2? and reactive center of surface Ti3+, and the better separation between electrons and holes on the films surface. | MENG FanMing1,2,3*, LU Fei1,3, SUN ZhaoQi1,3 & Lü JianGuo1,2,4 1 School of Physics and Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China 2 Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China 3 Anhui Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Devices, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China 4 Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230061, China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，11： | 4 |
| 15 | Preparation of Pt/K_2La_2Ti_3O_(10) and its photo-catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution from methanol water solution显示文摘A layered perovskite-type oxide K2La2Ti3O10 was prepared with high-temperature solid-state reaction, and characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ultraviolet-visible diffuse re-flectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). Platinum was loaded onto K2La2Ti3O10 as a co-catalyst with different methods. The dispersion of platinum on K2La2Ti3O10 was determined with HOT method. The photocatalytic activity of Pt/K2La2Ti3O10 was studied. This catalyst showed much higher activity in hydrogen evolution reaction than Ni/K2La2Ti3O10. The effects of different amounts of loaded platinum and several preparation methods were evaluated. The best achieved hydrogen evolution rate was 233.88 μmol·h?1 by Pt(2%)/K2La2Ti3O10. A possible band structure and mechanism were discussed based on the results. | CUI Wenquan1,3, LIU Li2, FENG Liangrong1, XU Chenghua1, LI Zijian1, Lü Shaojie1 & QIU Fali1 1. Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China 2. Chemistry Department, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643033, China 3. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China Correspondence should be addressed to Qiu Fali | 2006 | Science China Chemistry2006，49，2： | 3 |
| 16 | A molecular dynamics study on melting point and specific heat of Ni_3Al alloy显示文摘Using the Embedding Atom Method(EAM)for highly undercooled Ni3Al alloy,the melting point and the specific heat were studied by a molecular dynamics simula-tion.The simulation of melting point was carried out by means of the sandwich method and the NVE ensemble method,and the results show a good agreement,whereas are larger than the experimental value of 1663 K.This difference is attrib-uted to the influence of surface melting on experimental results,which causes the smaller measurements compared with the thermodynamic melting point.The simulated specific heat of Ni3Al alloy weakly and linearly increases with the in-crease of undercooling in the temperature range from 800 K to 2000 K. | YANG Hong,Lü YongJun,CHEN Min & GUO ZengYuan Department of Engineering Mechanics,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China | 2007 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2007，50，4： | 3 |
| 17 | REFINING EFFECT OF BORON ON THE EUTECTIC SILICON IN HYPOEUTECTIC AlSi ALLOYS显示文摘The effect of boron on the eutecticsilicon in hypoeutectic Al Si alloys has been studied withXRDand SEM. Thefindingindicatesthatboron hasastrong refining effecton eutecticsili con . AlB2 formed by boron additionto Al Si meltsactasthe nucleusofeutecticsilicon which leadstotherefinementofeutecticsilicon. | L .Wang , X. F. Bian and S.J. Yuan MaterialScience and Engineering ,Shandong University of Technology,Jinan 250061 ,China | 1999 | Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)1999，12，4： | 3 |
| 18 | Direct-sequence codes based blind synchronization algorithm for UWB systems显示文摘A new blind(non-data-aided) synchronization algorithm based on direct-sequence(DS) codes is proposed for ultra-wideband (UWB) systems.The proposed approach fully exploits prior knowledge of DS codes and bypasses channel estimation.The real-time acquisition is achieved using integrating-and-dumping(I&D) operation and DS codes matching filter.Because of pseudo randomicity and periodicity of DS codes,both the speed and the accuracy of synchronization are improved significantly. A lower bound on the acquisition probability of the proposed approach is also derived.Simulations confirm performance improvement of the proposed algorithm relative to existing alternatives in terms of acquisition probability,normalized mean square error(NMSE),and bit error rate(BER). | QIAO Yong-wei,L Tie-jun,REN Zhi-yuan School of Information Engineering,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing 100876,China | 2009 | The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications2009，16，3： | 2 |
| 19 | Relay-Assisted Cooperative Communication Networks显示文摘To facilitate the demand for a higher spectrum and power efficiency arising from the next generation mobile communication system, the introduction of relay-aided cooperative communication into the existing cellular infrastructure is considered as the most practical improvement under high rate and coverage. In comparison with the legacy cellular network, relay-aided cooperative communication network enjoys relative advantages over coverage efficiency, operation cost and transmission capacity. Transmission in relay-aided cooperative system falls into three types: the three-terminal transmission model, two-hop multi-relay parallel transmission model, and multi-hop multi-relay transmission model. For the extensive perspective of relay-aided cooperative communication in application, a profound research has been carried out in communication standards such as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Wireless World Initiative New Radio (WINNER). | Zhao Rui,Yu Fei,Yang L xi(School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University,Nanjing 210096, China) | 2008 | ZTE Communications2008，6，3： | 2 |
| 20 | Surface Inspection System for Cold Rolled Strips Based on Image ProcessingTechnique显示文摘Surfacequalitycontrolisanimportantissueinsteelindustry.UPtonow,itisstillaworldwideproblemtoimplementreal-timeinspectionofstripsurfaces.Inparticular,therearethreeprincipleproblemsofsurfaceinspectioninsteelindustry:(1)Whilestripismovingatahighspeedofup... | Ke Xu1 Jinwu Xu2 Shouli Lu1(l Material Science and Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China2 Mechanical Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beding, Beliing 100083, China) | 1999 | International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials1999，13，4： | 2 |
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