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| 1 | Effect of alternative antibiotics in treatment of cefotaxime resistant spontaneous bacterial peritonitis显示文摘AIM:To evaluate effective alternative antibiotics in treatment of cefotaxime-resistant spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.METHODS:One hundred cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis [ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear cell count(PMNLs) ≥ 250 cells/mm 3 at admission] were empirically treated with cefotaxime sodium 2 g/12 h and volume expansion by intravenous human albumin.All patients were subjected to history taking,complete examination,laboratory tests(including a complete blood cell count,prothrombin time,biochemical tests of liver and kidney function,and fresh urine sediment),chest X-ray,a diagnostic abdominal paracentesis,and the sample subjected to total and differential cell count,chemical examination,aerobic and anaerobic cultures.Patients were divided after 2 d by a second ascitic PMNL count into group Ⅰ;patients sensitive to cefotaxime(n = 81),group Ⅱ(n = 19);cases resistant to cefotaxime(less than 25% decrease in ascitic PMNL count).Patients of group Ⅱ were randomly assigned into meropenem(n = 11) or levofloxacin(n = 8) subgroups.All patients performed an end of treatment ascitic PMNL count.Patients were considered improved when:PMNLs decreased to < 250 cells/mm 3,no growth in previously positive culture cases,and improved clinical manifestations with at least 5 d of antibiotic therapy.RESULTS:Age,sex,and Child classes showed no significant difference between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ.Fever and abdominal pain were the most frequent manifestations and were reported in 82.7% and 80.2% of patients in group Ⅰ and in 94.7% and 84.2% of patients in group Ⅱ,respectively.Patients in group Ⅱ had a more severe ascitic inflammatory response than group Ⅰ and this was demonstrated by more ascitic lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) [median:540 IU/L(range:150-1200 IU/L) vs median:240 IU/L(range:180-500 IU/L),P = 0.000] and PMNL [median:15 000 cell/mm 3(range:957-23 822 cell/mm 3) vs 3400 cell/mm 3(range:695-26 400 cell/mm 3),P = 0.000] counts.Ascitic fluid culture was positive in 32% of cases.Cefotaxime failed in 19% of patients;of these patients,11(100%) responded to meropenem and 6(75%) responded to levofloxacin.Two patients with failed levofloxacin therapy were treated according to the in vitro culture and sensitivity(one case was treated with vancomycin and one case was treated with ampicillin/sulbactam).In group Ⅱ the meropenem subgroup had higher LDH(range:108-860 IU/L vs 120-491 IU/L,P = 0.042) and PMNL counts(range:957-23 822 cell/mm 3 vs 957-15 222 cell/mm 3,P = 0.000) at initiation of the alternative antibiotic therapy;there was no significant difference in the studied parameters between patients responsive to meropenem and patients responsive to levofloxacin at the end of therapy(mean ± SD:316.01 ± 104.03PMNLs/mm 3 vs 265.63 ± 69.61 PMNLs/mm 3,P = 0.307).The isolated organisms found in group Ⅱ were;enterococci,acinetobacter,expanded-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli,β-lactamase producing Enterobacter and Staphylococcus aureus.CONCLUSION:Empirical treatment with cefotaxime is effective in 81% of cases;meropenem is effective in cefotaxime-resistant cases. | Ahmed Abouelkhair Badawy Tarik Ibrahim Zaher Samar Mahmoud Sharaf Mohamed Hassan Emara Noha Elsaid Shaheen Talaat Fathy Aly | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，8： | 13 |
| 2 | Recent biological trends in management of fracture non-union显示文摘Bone regeneration is a complex, well-orchestrated physiological process of bone formation, which can be seen during normal fracture healing, and is involved in continuous remodelling throughout adult life. Currently,there is a plethora of different strategies to augment the impaired or 'insufficient' bone-regeneration process, including the 'gold standard' autologous bone graft, free fibula vascularised graft, allograft implantation, and use of growth factors, osteoconductive scaffolds, osteoprogenitor cells and distraction osteogenesis. Improved 'local' strategies in terms of tissue engineering and gene therapy, or even 'systemic' enhancement of bone repair, are under intense investigation, in an effort to overcome the limitations of the current methods, to produce bone-graft substitutes with biomechanical properties that are as identical to normal bone as possible, to accelerate the overall regeneration process, or even to address systemic conditions, such as skeletal disorders and osteoporosis. An improved understanding of the molecular and cellular events that occur during bone repair and remodeling has led to the development of biologic agents that can augment the biological microenvironment and enhance bone repair. Orthobiologics, including stem cells, osteoinductive growth factors, osteoconductive matrices, and anabolic agents, are available clinically for accelerating fracture repair and treatment of compromised bone repair situations like delayed unions and nonunions. A lack of standardized outcome measures for comparison of biologic agents in clinical fracture repair trials, frequent off-label use, and a limited understanding of the biological activity of these agents at the bone repair site have limited their efficacy in clinical applications. | Khaled M Emara Ramy Ahmed Diab Ahmed Khaled Emara | 2015 | World Journal of Orthopedics2015，6，8： | 13 |
| 3 | Methods to shorten the duration of an external fixator in the management of tibial infections显示文摘Massive segmental bone loss due to chronic osteomyelitis represents a considerable challenge to orthopedic surgeons and is a limb threatening condition.The only option available in such a clinical situation is segment transport using the Ilizarov technique of distraction osteogenesis;yet the most common problem in cases of bone transport with the Ilizarov technique in massive bone loss,is the long duration of the fixator.In addition to autologous bone grafting,several mechanical,biologic,and external physical treatment modalities may be employed to promote bone formation and maturation during segment transport in osteomyelitis patients.Mechanical approaches include compressive loading of the distraction regenerate,increased frequency of small increments of distraction,and compression-distraction.Intramedullary nailing and hemicorticotomy can reduce the time in external fixation;however,these techniques are associated with technical difficulties and complications.Exogenous application of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound or pulsed electromagnetic fields may shorten the duration of external fixation.Other promising modalities include diphosphonates,physician-directed use(off-label use)of bone morphogenetic proteins,and local injection of bone marrow aspirate and platelet gel at the osteotomy site.Well-designed clinical studies are needed to establish safe and effective guidelines for various modalities to enhance new bone formation during distraction osteogenesis after segment transfer. | Khaled M Emara Khaled Abd Al Ghafar Mohamed Ahmed Al Kersh | 2011 | World Journal of Orthopedics2011，2，9： | 4 |
| 4 | Advances and challenges in the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into pancreatic β cells显示文摘Pluripotent stem cells(PSCs) are able to differentiate into several cell types, including pancreatic β cells. Differentiation of pancreatic β cells depends on certain transcription factors, which function in a coordinated way during pancreas development. The existing protocols for in vitro differentiation produce pancreatic β cells, which are not highly responsive to glucose stimulation except after their transplantation into immune-compromised mice and allowing several weeks for further differentiation to ensure the maturation of these cells in vivo. Thus, although the substantial improvement that has been made for the differentiation of induced PSCs and embryonic stem cells toward pancreatic β cells, several challenges still hindering their full generation. Here, we summarize recent advances in the differentiation of PSCs into pancreatic β cells and discuss the challenges facing their differentiation as well as the different applications of these potential PSC-derived β cells. | Essam M Abdelalim Mohamed M Emara | 2015 | World Journal of Stem Cells2015，7，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Determination of two ternary mixtures containing phenobarbitone by second derivative of the ratio spectrum-zero-crossing and HPLC methods显示文摘 | El-Gindy A Emara S Hadad GM | 2003 | Farmaco2003，58，5： | 1 |
| 6 | The SOX transcription factors as key players in pluripotent stem cells显示文摘 | Abdelalim E M Emara M M Kolatkar P R | 2014 | Stem Cells Dev2014，23，22： | 1 |
| 7 | Correlation of intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness in normal myopic eyes and after laser in situ keratomileusis显示文摘 | Emara B Probst LE Tingey DP | 1998 | J Cataract Refract Surg1998，24，： | 1 |
| 8 | Management of calcaneal fracture using the Ⅰ lizarov technique显示文摘 | Emara KM Allam MF | 2005 | Clin Orthop Relat Res2005，439，： | 1 |
| 9 | The polarographic behavior of ketoprofen and assay of its capaules using soectrophotometric and vohammetrie methods显示文摘 | EMARA K M Au A M M ABO-EL MAALI N A E | 1994 | Talanta1994，41，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Angiogenin-induced tRNA-derived stress-induced RNAs promote stress-induced stress granule assembly 显示文摘 | Emara M M Ivanov P Hickman T | 2010 | J Biol Chem2010，285，10： | 1 |
| 11 | Repeti- tive transcranial magnetic stimulation at 1 and 5 Hz produces sustained improvement in motor function and disability after ischaemic stroke显示文摘 | Emara TH Moustafa RR Elnahas NM | 2010 | Eur J Neurol2010，17，9： | 1 |
| 12 | Angiogenin-induced tRNA fragments inhibit translation initiation 显示文摘 | Ivanov P Emara M M Villen J | 2011 | Mol Cell2011，43，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Correlation of intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness in normal myopic eyes and after laser in situ keratomileusis显示文摘 | Emara B Probst LE Tingey DP | 1998 | J Cataract Refract Surg1998，24，： | 1 |
| 14 | Correlation of intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness in normal myopic eyes and after laser in situ keratomileusis显示文摘 | Emara B Probst LE Tingey DP | 1998 | J Cataract Refract Surg1998，24，： | 1 |
| 15 | Delayed infections after posterior'FSRH spinal instrumentation For idiopathic scoliosis 显示文摘 | Riehards BS Emara KM | 2003 | Spine2003，26，18： | 1 |
| 16 | Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at 1Hz and 5Hz produces sustained improvement in motor function and disability after ischaemic stroke显示文摘 | Emara TH Moustafa RR Elnahas NM | | 0，，9： | 1 |
| 17 | Correlation of intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness in normal myopic eyes and after laser in situ keratomileusis显示文摘 | Probst LE Tingey DP | 1998 | J Cataract Refract Surg1998，24，： | 1 |
| 18 | Effect of impingement angle on slurry erosion behaviour and mechanisms of 1017 steel and high-chromium white cast iron显示文摘 | M.A. Al-Bukhaiti S.M. Ahmed F.M.F. Badran K.M. Emara | | Wear0，，9： | 1 |
| 19 | Management of caleaneal fracture using the Ilizarov technique 显示文摘 | Emara KM Allam MF | 2005 | Clin Orthop Relat Res2005，439，： | 1 |
| 20 | Phenotypic variation among three broiler pure lines for Marek's disease, coccidiosis and antibody response to sheep red blood cells显示文摘 | Emara MG Lapierre RR Greene GM | 2002 | Poultry Sci2002，81，： | 1 |
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